Drug Database
TR

travoprost (Travatan Z / Travantan Z / Travatanz)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · PTGFR · Small Molecule

What is travoprost?

travoprost is a small molecule developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTravatan Z, Travantan Z, Travatanz
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGFR
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

travoprost acts on 1 molecular target:

PTGFRprostaglandin F receptor (FP)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

travoprost is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Eye disordersGlaucoma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPharmacological research2026-07-25

Downregulation of COX-2 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cell prevented the formation of liver sinusoidal microthrombi through the AKT/mTOR/TSP-1 axis.

Qian Shuaijie S, Gan Can C, Zhao Chong C, Dai Wenting W et al.

Liver sinusoidal microthrombosis (LST) is recognized as an initiating event in fibrogenesis and portal hypertension in chronic liver diseases. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)-derived chemoattractants recruit neutrophils and macrophages, promoting LST in congestive hepatopathy (CH). However, the driving molecules from LSECs for LST remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate that LSECs inflammatory via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation triggers metabolic reprogramming promoting thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)-mediated LST and portal hypertension. A murine model of LST and portal hypertension was established by partial inferior vena cava ligation (pIVCL). LST and portal hypertension were suppressed in both LSEC-specific COX-2 knockout mice (Ptgs2ΔLSEC) and celecoxib-treated wild-type mice induced by pIVCL. RNA sequencing of mouse liver tissue and untargeted metabolomics of human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs) revealed that COX-2 inhibition was concurrent with downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, reduced lactate, and decreased TSP-1. In vitro, COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activated the AKT/mTOR pathway, driving glycolytic reprogramming and lactate production. In turn, the accumulation of lactate induced by COX-2 upregulation enhanced histone H3K9 lactylation, which transcriptionally upregulated Thbs1 (encoding TSP-1), thereby instigating a prothrombotic phenotype in LSECs. Collectively, this study uncovers a novel pathogenic axis in LST formation, where COX-2 drives a prothrombotic switch in LSECs via AKT/mTOR-mediated metabolic reprogramming and lactate-dependent epigenetic upregulation of TSP-1. Targeting LSEC COX-2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating LST and portal hypertension.

PMID 42498146
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PubMedArthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation2026-07-25

Trochleoplasty Is Associated With High Rates of Patellofemoral Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

Feingold Cailan L CL, Lin Eric H EH, Dawahare James C JC, Barcenas Andrew B AB et al.

To identify 2- to 5- and >10-year complications of trochleoplasty and define rates of postoperative patellofemoral arthritis. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried for terms related to trochleoplasty. Included studies were clinical studies using trochleoplasty to manage patellofemoral instability and were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Excluded studies were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cadaveric studies, animal studies, and case reports. Patient demographics, follow-up time, concomitant procedures, complications, and subsequent surgeries were collected. Studies were grouped by follow-up time into <2, 2 to 5, 5 to 10, and >10 years. Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria with 1336 patients (64% female). There were 142 (10.6%) patients with less than 2 years of follow-up, 871 (65.2%) with 2 to 5 years, 221 (16.5%) with 5 to 10 years, and 102 (7.6%) with more than 10 years. The complication rates ranged from 0% to 33%. Seven (20%) studies specifically reported on postoperative arthritis. In patients with <2 years, the most common complication was arthrofibrosis at rates of 0% to 6.3%. Patellofemoral arthritis was the most common complication in patients with 2 to 5 (0%-35.3%), 5 to 10 (0%-17.4%), and >10 years of follow-up (0%-92.3%). In patients with more than 10 years of follow-up, rates of patellofemoral arthritis worse than Iwano grade 2 were as high as 65%. Recurrent instability rates varied widely across studies and follow-up times from 0% to 33.3%. Patients undergoing trochleoplasty for patellar instability may experience low rates of recurrence but are prone to postoperative stiffness at <2- and 2- to 5-year follow-up. Complications following trochleoplasty in isolation are worse than when concomitant procedures are done. After 10 years, the incidence of all patellofemoral arthritis is as high as 92%, and more severe patellofemoral arthritis is as high as 65%, which is greater than the progression in patients with patellofemoral instability. Level IV, systematic review of Level II to IV studies.

PMID 42500159
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PubMedThe Journal of antibiotics2026-07-25

Luteoagmacins A and B, new antimicrobial agmatine derivatives from a hot spring water-derived Luteococcus sp.

Hoshino Shotaro S, Nagai Emiko E, Komaki Hisayuki H, Ijichi Shinta S et al.

Two new agmatine derivatives, luteoagmacins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture extract of the hot spring water-associated actinomycete Luteococcus sp. RD000023. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of 2 was further confirmed by chemical synthesis. Based on disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays using the synthetic material, 2 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast.

PMID 42498785
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PubMedBMJ open2026-07-25

Availability, treatment costs and affordability of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs for diabetes in 10 countries: a cross-sectional study.

Li Zhuangqi Z, Zhang Shuting S, Liu Bao B

Diabetes complicated by cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases poses a growing global burden. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly recommended, yet their availability, treatment costs and affordability across countries of different income levels remain poorly understood. To evaluate the regulatory availability, treatment costs and affordability of all marketed SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs across 10 countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Brazil, China, Türkiye, Italy and France. We examined 22 SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs across 10 countries using publicly available sources. Regulatory availability was defined as marketing authorisation in a given country. Monthly treatment costs were estimated using minimum 28-day retail medicine prices based on recommended dosing regimens. Affordability was assessed as the proportion of the national minimum monthly wage required to purchase 1 month of treatment. Differences in regulatory availability across income groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with subgroup analyses by regulatory capacity. Associations between treatment costs and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were examined using Spearman correlation. Given the small sample size, analyses were exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Regulatory availability ranged from 2 medicines in Nepal to 15 in China (9.1%-68.2%). No statistically significant differences in regulatory availability were observed across or within income groups. Regulatory availability of SGLT-2 inhibitors did not vary by regulatory capacity, whereas countries with higher regulatory capacity had greater regulatory approval coverage for GLP-1 RAs (p=0.045). Minimum monthly treatment costs ranged from US$3.68-50.30 for SGLT-2 inhibitors and US$22.95-220.80 for GLP-1 RAs. SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment costs increased with GDP per capita (ρ=0.939; p<0.001), while no statistically significant association was observed for GLP-1 RAs. SGLT-2 inhibitors were more affordable than GLP-1 RAs, requiring 0.7%-5.1% versus 1.6%-110.4% of monthly minimum wages. Substantial cross-country variation exists in the regulatory availability, treatment costs and affordability of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs. Higher regulatory capacity was associated with greater regulatory availability for GLP-1 RAs. Coordinated efforts to strengthen regulatory capacity and improve affordability may help improve the regulatory availability and affordability of these therapies across countries.

PMID 42498467
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PubMedAnnals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine2026-07-25

DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 IN MULTIPLE CLINICAL SPECIMENS: A PILOT PREVALENCE STUDY FROM NORTHEAST NIGERIA.

Hassan U M UM, Yarma A A AA, Hayatu A A, Ishiyaku U M UM et al.

Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily relies on RTPCR analysis of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens; however, viral RNA has also been detected in other clinical samples. In Northeast Nigeria, data comparing SARS-CoV-2 detection across multiple specimen types, alongside serological evidence of exposure, remain limited. This pilot study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool, serum, and NPS, and the seroprevalence of anti-SARSCoV- 2 antibodies among hospitalized patients in Gombe, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2022 at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. A total of 384 inpatients without prior confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Stool, serum, and NPS samples were collected from each participant. Viral RNA was detected using RT-PCR, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were assessed separately using a rapid immunochromatographic assay, allowing differentiation between recent and past exposure. Among 384 participants, the overall RT-PCR prevalence of SARSCoV- 2 RNA was 2.1% (8/384). Stool samples yielded the highest positivity rate (1.8%; 7/384), followed by NPS (0.8%; 3/384) and serum (0.3%; 1/ 384). In sharp contrast, the overall antibody seroprevalence was 48.6% (187/384). Among the 362 unvaccinated participants, 46.4% had detectable antibodies. This study revealed a low prevalence of active viral shedding but a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting widespread, under-detected community exposure. Stool specimens showed a higher detection rate than NPS in this cohort, warranting further investigation as a potential diagnostic sample in resource-limited settings.

PMID 42499466
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PubMedACS central science2026-07-25

Molecular Diradical Spin Qubits in a Crystalline Host as a Platform for Quantum Sensing.

Kopp Sebastian M SM, Palmer Jonathan R JR, Phelan Brian T BT, Peinkofer Kathryn R KR et al.

Doping a luminescent tris-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-methyl diradical m (TTM) 2 into a host crystal of its diamagnetic precursor m (HTTM) 2 creates a molecular color center with enhanced optical-spin interface properties important for quantum sensing. Optical polarization of the |T0⟩ sublevel of the diradical triplet ground state is achieved by spin-selective intersystem crossing from the |T+⟩ and |T-⟩ sublevels of the triplet excited state at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. Coherent spin control of m (TTM) 2 doped into m (HTTM) 2 using pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy results in a 10-fold improvement in ODMR contrast over that observed for randomly oriented m (TTM) 2 using continuous-wave ODMR. The diradical doped crystal powders achieve spin coherence times of 2.8, 3.4, and 7.4 μs at 294, 85, and 5 K, respectively. The diradical photoluminescence is sensitive to weak applied magnetic fields independent of temperature, excitation wavelength, and dopant concentration, providing a promising pathway toward robust quantum sensing of anisotropic magnetic fields under ambient conditions.

PMID 42500038
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