Drug Database
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travoprost (Travatan Z / Travantan Z / Travatanz)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · PTGFR · Small Molecule

What is travoprost?

travoprost is a small molecule developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTravatan Z, Travantan Z, Travatanz
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGFR
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

travoprost acts on 1 molecular target:

PTGFRprostaglandin F receptor (FP)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

travoprost is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Eye disordersGlaucoma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)2026-06-09

Comparative Evaluation of Selective Laser Capsulotomy and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy in White Cataract.

Kaur Manpreet M, Titiyal Jeewan S JS, Namdev Vaibhav V, Rawat Jyoti J et al.

To evaluate morphological characteristics of capsulotomy created using selective laser capsulotomy (SLC) (CAPSULaser device; Excel-Lens, Inc) or femtosecond laser (FSL) (LenSx; Alcon Laboratories, Inc) in white cataract. This was a prospective non-randomized comparative study of 40 patients with white cataract who had phacoemulsification. A 5-mm capsulotomy was planned using SLC (n = 20) or FSL (n = 20). The primary outcome measure was capsulotomy size. Secondary outcomes were capsulotomy circularity, intraocular lens (IOL) coverage, centration, continuity, and residual microadhesions. Follow-up was performed on postoperative days 1 and 30. The mean age of the patients was 65.3 ± 8.8 years (18 men, 22 women). Residual microadhesions were observed in 2 eyes (10%) in the SLC group and 11 eyes (55%) in the FSL group (P = .002). Release of milky fluid did not obscure laser delivery in the SLC group, but hampered laser delivery in the FSL group. On postoperative day 1, mean capsulotomy diameter was 4.45 ± 0.17 mm in the SLC group and 5.03 ± 0.07 mm in the FSL group (P < .001). Circularity index was comparable (SLC group: 0.993 ± 0.01, FSL group: 0.996 ± 0.005; P = .25), with 360° IOL coverage in both groups. Overlap index was 0.66 ± 0.27 in the SLC group and 0.84 ± 0.11 in the FSL group (P = .01). Decentration was significantly greater with SLC (SLC group: 0.37 ± 0.37 mm, FSL group: 0.09 ± 0.07 mm; P = .004). No case had radial tear of capsulotomy or posterior capsule rent. Both FSL and SLC are safe and effective to create circular continuous capsulotomies in white cataract. FSL capsulotomies are more predictable in terms of size and centration. SLC capsulotomies have fewer microadhesions because fast capsulotomy creation does not allow milky cortex to obscure laser delivery.

PMID 42261927
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PubMedBMC cancer2026-06-09

Real-world effectiveness of mecapegfilgrastim for prophylaxis in patients with breast cancer receiving 2-weekly and 3-weekly chemotherapy in China.

Shi Yanxia Y, Fu Peifen P, Wang Yongsheng Y, Li Yongqing Y et al.

Breast cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy are at high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN). Long-acting G-CSFs are recommended for FN prevention, but evidence for mecapegfilgrastim in the dose-dense setting remains limited. This multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study was conducted at 43 centers in China. Patients with breast cancer who received 2-weekly or 3-weekly chemotherapy with mecapegfilgrastim (6 mg) as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of FN, defined as an oral temperature of > 38.3 °C or two consecutive readings of > 38.0 °C for 2 h and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of < 0.5 × 109/l, or expected to fall below 0.5 × 109/L. The secondary outcomes included severe neutropenia and adverse events (AEs). Between June 2019 and March 2022, a total of 757 patients were enrolled. After 1:2 propensity score matching, 36 patients were included in the 2-weekly group and 71 patients were included in the 3-weekly group. In the first cycle, FN, grade 3/4 neutropenia, and grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 0 (0%; 95% CI, 0.0-9.6%), 9 (25.0%; 95% CI, 13.8-41.1%), and 4 (11.1%; 95% CI, 4.4-25.3%) patients in the 2-weekly group, and in 2 (2.8%; 95% CI, 0.8-9.7%), 11 (15.5%; 95% CI, 8.9-25.7%), and 5 (7.0%; 95% CI, 3.0-15.4%) patients in the 3-weekly group. Across all cycles, the corresponding incidences were observed in 0 (0.0%), 11 (30.6%), and 5 (13.9%) patients in the 2-weekly group, and 2 (2.8%), 14 (19.7%) and 7 (9.9%) patients in the 3-weekly group. Dose hold (≥ 5 days) occurred in 7 patients (19.4%) in the 2-weekly group and 5 patients (7.0%) in the 3-weekly group. The incidence of grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was 26.7% in the 2-weekly and 33.3% in the 3-weekly groups. No patients had serious AEs in either group. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Mecapegfilgrastim was associated with a low incidence of FN and manageable safety profiles in patients with breast cancer receiving 3-weekly or 2-weekly chemotherapy. Nevertheless, further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings.

PMID 42260418
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PubMedJPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association2026-06-09

Expression of epigenetic marker EZH2 in squamous cell carcinoma of skin.

Shams Muhammad Usman MU, Nagi Abdul Hannan AH, Mehmood Saqib S, Henna Nausheen N

To assess the frequency and level of expression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and compare then with normal skin. The retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from January 2016 to April 2023 related to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in group A and normal skin cases in group B that were evaluated and compared for enhancer of zeste homologue 2 immunohistochemistry expression and positivity. Group A cases with increased immunohistochemistry expression were tested by fluorescence in situ hybridisation for enhancer of zeste homologue 2 amplification. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Of the 60 patients, 30(50%) were in group A; 19(63.3%) males and 11(36.7%) females with mean age 48±16.5 years. There were 30(50%) patients in group B; 29(96.7%) females and 1(0.3%) male with mean age 47.6±11.3 years. There were 25(83.3%) well-differentiated cases in group A. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 positivity was noted in 25(83.3%) case in group A compared to 6(20%) in group B (p<0.001). The enhancer of zeste homologue 2 expression level was also significantly higher in group A than group B (p<0.001). Immunohistochemistry overexpression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 was found in 13(43.3%) group A cases, and, of them, 6(46.15%) showed enhancer of zeste homologue 2 amplification. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 overexpression was noted in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cases, indicating that enhancer of zeste homologue 2 had a potential role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tumourigenesis.

PMID 42261009
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PubMedDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026-06-09

Glycemic Normalization Immediately Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes From the ST2OMP Study.

Segev Natalie N, Nadeau Kristen J KJ, Kelsey Megan M, Schaaf Lisa R LR et al.

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes and obesity are rising public health burdens. While newer type 2 diabetes medications lower HbA1c, their impact on paediatric weight loss is inconsistent. In contrast, bariatric surgery improves glycemia and weight in youth and adults, though glycemia post-vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), now the predominant bariatric surgery in youth, remains unstudied in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess immediate post-VSG glycemic patterns using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. In the Surgical or Medical Treatment for Paediatric Type 2 Diabetes (ST2OMP) study, 73 adolescents with type 2 diabetes underwent 14 days of CGM monitoring: 33 participants beginning in the 1-2 days post-VSG (mean age 17.6 years, 67% female, HbA1c 7.2%, BMI 50.0 kg/m2) and 40 participants receiving advanced medical therapy (AMT) (mean age 16.9 years, 53% female, HbA1c 7.8%, BMI 42.2 kg/m2). CGM analyses included glucose management indicator (GMI), time in range, coefficient of variability, standard deviation, mean amplitude glycemic excursion, percent > 140, 180, and 200, percent < 70 and 60 mg/dL, 7 a.m., and midnight-6 a.m. Mean glucose was 84.3 ± 23.4 in the post-VSG group versus 149.8 ± 78.8 mg/dL in the AMT group (p < 0.001). Mean CGM GMI was normal (5.3%, 34 mmol/mol) post-VSG versus in the diabetes range (6.9%, 52 nmol/mol) with AMT (p < 0.001). VSG participants spent more time < 70 mg/dL, 55 mg/dL, and 45 mg/dL (all p < 0.01). After BMI adjustment, preoperative HbA1c predicted postoperative glucose metrics. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes experience early glycemic normalization post-VSG, even before major weight loss.

PMID 42259646
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PubMedMedicine2026-06-09

Pediatric primary ciliary dyskinesia with rare genetic variants: Synonymous RSPH4A and potential NFE2L2 modifier of DNAH9 phenotype - 2-case report.

Guo Cheng C, Zhu Yuyao Y, Lu Hong H, Liu Kai K

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is easily underdiagnosed in children without laterality defects. We report 2 pediatric cases of PCD, highlighting a candidate pathogenic synonymous RSPH4A variant and a possible modifier effect of NFE2L2 on DNAH9-related disease. Case 1: a 5-year-old girl presented with chronic wet cough and recurrent pulmonary consolidations. Case 2: a 5-year-old boy presented with chronic wet cough, recurrent wheeze, and rhinosinusitis. Case 1 had a normal immune work-up and underwent trio whole-exome sequencing (WES), which identified compound heterozygous RSPH4A variants (c.1391G>A and the synonymous c.1764G>T variant with a high predicted splicing impact), supporting a diagnosis of PCD. Case 2 had markedly elevated immunoglobulin E and an obstructive ventilatory defect; WES identified compound heterozygous DNAH9 variants together with an NFE2L2 exon 2-5 deletion, consistent with PCD with enhanced type 2 inflammation. Case 1 received antibiotic therapy. Case 2 was treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids. Case 1 improved after antibiotic therapy, and no bronchiectasis was detected during follow-up. Case 2 also improved clinically, although moderate airflow obstruction persisted. These cases suggest that synonymous variants with strong splicing predictions in PCD genes may be pathogenic and that NFE2L2-related pathways may modify DNAH9-associated PCD severity. Early WES may facilitate diagnosis in children with chronic wet cough and recurrent infections, even without laterality defects.

PMID 42260890
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PubMedJournal of biochemical and molecular toxicology2026-06-09

Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Pterostilbene Through Modulation of the NRF2-NFκB-COX-2 Network.

Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram KM, Ganesh Goutham V GV, Gopinath Vipin V, Paulmurugan Ramasamy R

Pterostilbene (PTS) is a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol (RES) with high bioavailability, making it a promising alternative for diverse biological applications. PTS exhibits dose-dependent effects on cellular signaling, which require careful evaluation for therapeutic use. In this study, we used reporter gene-based bioassays and immunoblot analyses to examine the effects of PTS on Nrf2, COX-2, NF-κB, and GSK-3β signaling. Our results demonstrated that lower doses of PTS (2.5-5 µM) activate protective signaling pathways, including Nrf2 and COX-2, promoting adaptive and cytoprotective responses. In contrast, higher doses (10-25 µM) suppress pro-survival pathways, including NF-κB and COX-2, leading to potential cytotoxic effects. Specifically, PTS activated Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing downstream targets such as HO-1 and SOD2 involved in oxidative stress response. COX-2 was upregulated at 2.5-5 µM but suppressed at 25 µM. Similarly, NF-κB signaling was activated at lower doses but inhibited at higher concentrations, as confirmed by reduced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. Interestingly, PTS did not interfere with COX-2 inhibition when cells were treated with the non-selective inhibitor Indomethacin. These findings suggest that PTS influences stress response and survival pathways in a context-dependent manner. However, mechanistic crosstalk between NrfF2, NF-κB, COX-2, and GSK-3β remains to be established.

PMID 42262721
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