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influenza vaccine (Ultravac / Ultravak)

✓ Approved

Microgen · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Microgen. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesUltravac, Ultravak
CompanyMicrogen
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Microgen

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of sleep research2026-11-11

2010 and 2013 Incidence Peaks in Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia Linked to Type A H1N1 and Type B Victoria Influenza Strains.

Zhang Zhongxing Z, Gool Jari K JK, Sirotkin Pavel P, Dauvilliers Yves Y et al.

Increased narcolepsy type-1 (NT1) incidence rates were reported globally in 2010, linked to the H1N1 2009-2010 influenza pandemic and Pandemrix vaccination. A child-specific NT1 peak was observed in Europe in 2013, further raising questions about the relationship between NT1 and influenza infections. This study analysed annual European incidence patterns of central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) in relation to influenza severity. All NT1 (N = 981) and a combined group of narcolepsy type-2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) (N = 545) cases from eight European centers were studied from 1995 to 2019. Linear mixed models and Spearman correlations were applied to investigate the relationships between CDH incidence and the severity of preceding influenza seasons, including H1N1, H3N2, and for the Netherlands, influenza Type B Victoria and Yamagata. Peaks in NT1 incidence were present in 2010 and 2013, while a 2010 child-specific peak was identified in NT2 and IH. Both groups showed a significantly positive correlation with H1N1 influenza severity and a negative correlation with H3N2. NT1 was also significantly associated with influenza Type B Victoria in the Netherlands, particularly in children. These findings suggest that, beyond H1N1, influenza Type B Victoria may be a novel trigger for NT1. Similar to NT1, the 2010 children peak in NT2 and IH may indicate possible immune-related pathophysiologies linked to the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic. Further immunological studies are warranted to unravel the complexities of these relationships and their implications for CDH.

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PubMedClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026-11-11

People With Influenza Requiring ICU Admission During the 2025-2026 Season, Marked by the Emergence of Influenza A(H3N2) Subclade K: A French Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study.

de Prost Nicolas N, Bay Pierre P, Le Goff Marie M, Préau Sébastien S et al.

Intense influenza activity has been reported alongside the emergence of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K. While epidemiological studies have reported heterogeneous findings regarding public health impact, data remain lacking on its impact on clinical phenotype of people requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Prospective, multicenter, observational SEVARVIR cohort study including people admitted in 42 French ICUs with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection during the 2024-2025 and 2025-2026 seasons. Primary end point was day-28 mortality. Seven hundred twenty-six people were admitted for influenza in 2024-2025 (n = 360) and 2025-2026 (n = 366). In 2025-2026, influenza subtype was available for 265 people; 49% (n = 129) had A(H1N1)pdm09 and 51% (n = 136) had A(H3N2) subtype infection. Among the 40 people with A(H3N2) infection for whom whole-genome sequencing was available, 33 (82.5%) belonged to subclade K. In multivariable Cox analysis of the 2025-2026 season, age (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.04 [1.01;1.09]; P = .015), Clinical Frailty Scale (aHR = 1.59 [1.28;1.98]; P < .001), and sequential organ failure assessment score (aHR = 1.15 [1.05;1.26]; P = .003) were associated with an increased risk of death. In the 2024-2025/2025-2026 seasons or 2025-2026 season alone, influenza subtype was not associated with a significant risk of day-28 mortality. Phylogenetic analyses from our ICU cohort together with 600 contextual sequences from community-acquired influenza cases collected during the period showed no clustering according to severity. There was no evidence of an increased risk of death among critically ill people with influenza during the 2025-2026 season, despite the emergence of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K. NCT05162508.

PMID 43012657
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PubMedClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026-11-11

Antiviral Activity and Safety of Molnupiravir in Healthy Participants Inoculated With Influenza Virus: A Phase 2a, Randomized, Human Challenge Trial.

Nussbaum Jesse J, Mann Alex J AJ, Liao Laura E LE, Zhao Tian T et al.

Influenza viruses cause substantial global morbidity and mortality. Molnupiravir, an orally administered prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine, has broad activity against RNA viruses, including influenza. A phase 2a, randomized, two-part human challenge trial in healthy adults (NCT05818124) was conducted to evaluate molnupiravir for influenza infection. In Part 1, 20 participants were inoculated with 106.26TCID50 of A/France/759/21 (H1N1) to establish infectivity, pathogenicity, and safety. After assessment of Part 1, a 10-fold lower virus dose was selected for Part 2 to delay time to peak viral load (PVL). In Part 2, 141 participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive molnupiravir (5 days, 800 mg twice daily) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP; initiated 12 hours after inoculation), molnupiravir treatment (initiated 48 hours after inoculation), oseltamivir treatment (5 days, 75 mg twice daily, initiated 48 hours after inoculation), or placebo. Primary endpoints, assessed by quantitative viral culture, were PVL in all participants for PEP and viral load area under the curve (VL-AUC) in participants with confirmed infection for treatment. Lowering the viral inoculum delayed PVL by ~12 hours, although infection rates in the Part 2 placebo arm (40%) were lower than in Part 1 (75%). Molnupiravir PEP did not significantly reduce PVL compared with placebo but was associated with lower viral burden (difference in mean log10 VL-AUC -2.21 day*log10TCID50/mL; P = 0.03). No significant antiviral effect was observed with molnupiravir or oseltamivir treatment compared with placebo. Molnupiravir was well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to placebo. Although primary endpoints were not met, early administration of molnupiravir showed antiviral activity.

PMID 43010566
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PubMedmSphere2026-11-11

Genetic detoxification of an unencapsulated Neisseria meningitidis strain enhances potency of outer membrane vesicle vaccines and cross-reactivity of vaccine-specific antibodies.

Matthias Kathryn A KA, Kumova Ogan K OK, Reveille Alexandra A, Bizzell Erica E et al.

Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) detergent-detoxified outer membrane vesicle (dOMV) vaccines demonstrate high effectiveness against the homologous production strain but confer limited cross-protection to heterologous strains. We previously reported that dOMVs isolated from a MenB strain deleted for the proteins PorA, PorB, and RmpM (ΔABR) elicited bactericidal antibodies with a greater breadth of coverage, but of lower overall titer, compared to wild-type (WT) dOMV-induced antibodies. Low ΔABR dOMV potency was associated with pronounced vesicular deterioration and lower levels of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and capsular polysaccharide (Cps) relative to WT dOMVs, phenotypes resulting from detergent detoxification procedures required to limit LOS-induced toxicity. In this study, we engineered genetically detoxified ΔABR strains that were deleted singly for the lauroyl acyltransferase LpxL1 (ΔABRL) or in tandem for the Cps polysialyltransferase SiaD (ΔABRSL). Genetically detoxified, detergent-extracted OMVs (eOMVs) from ΔABRL and ΔABRSL retained vesicular structure and elicited functional antibodies with increased cross-reactivity compared to ΔABR and ΔABRL dOMVs when administered to rabbits. Antibody seropositivity and cross-reactivity were similarly increased in mice vaccinated with ΔABRL eOMVs vs ΔABRL dOMVs. ΔABRSL eOMV potency was higher than that of ΔABRL eOMVs, suggesting a role for Cps in suppressing antibody responses. Immunization with eOMVs was associated with trends toward improved murine T helper cell responses and elicitation of higher proportions of conformational antibodies that may have contributed to improved bactericidal activity. ΔABRSL eOMVs additionally showed decreased toxicity compared to WT and ΔABR dOMVs when tested in vitro, supporting further study as a vaccine candidate. The ability to target multiple serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis strains with a single vesicle vaccine is complicated by the diversity of antigens that span the bacterial surface. We previously reported that vesicles isolated from meningococcal strains deleted for the major antigenically diverse surface proteins elicited functional antibodies that could kill a large number of N. meningitidis strains though at relatively low titers. Low potency of the mutant vaccines was associated with a breakdown of the vesicular membrane upon detergent treatment, a process necessary to diminish endogenous endotoxin levels and ensure vaccine safety. In this study, we demonstrate that we can retain high cross-reactivity of anti-vesicle antibodies without decreasing the potency of the host immune response through genetic detoxification of the meningococcal vaccine strain. By preventing the formation of the complete endotoxin structure, we are able to isolate vesicles that are safe and immunogenic without the requirement for detergent detoxification.

PMID 43012508
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-11-11

Comparison of the pathogenicity of a Taiwan lineage 1 NADC30/34-like recombinant and a lineage 3 Betaarterivirus suid 2 in pigs.

Lai Yi-Fang YF, Lin Chao-Nan CN, Chiou Ming-Tang MT, Chang Yen-Chen YC et al.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2; Betaarterivirus suid 2) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, leading to severe economic losses in the global swine industry. Lineage 1 (L1) PRRSV-2 has emerged and become increasingly prevalent in North America and Asia. This study compared the pathogenic characteristics of a Taiwan NADC30/34-like L1 recombinant and a lineage 3 (L3) PRRSV-2 strain and evaluated their suitability for establishing an experimental infection model in growing pigs. Ten-week-old pigs were inoculated with either the NADC30/34-like L1 NPUST-107-844/2018 strain or the L3 SW2018001-YL strain via concurrent intranasal and intramuscular routes. Pigs inoculated with the L1 strain exhibited higher body temperatures and a greater frequency of fever during the early post-inoculation period than those inoculated with the L3 strain. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in peak viremia, lung pathological scores, or plasma cytokine concentrations. These results indicate that the Taiwan L1 strain induced a more pronounced early febrile response but produced virological, pulmonary pathological, and systemic cytokine responses comparable to those induced by the Taiwan L3 strain. Collectively, these findings highlight the pathogenic diversity of circulating PRRSV-2 strains in Taiwan and for future experimental studies, including investigations of disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, and vaccine development.

PMID 43011046
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PubMedMedComm2026-11-11

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agents for Viral Diseases: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects.

Khan Sawar S, Nisar Ayesha A, Li Xiaoxu X, Yu Hao H et al.

Viral diseases remain a major global health challenge despite substantial advances in vaccination, antiviral therapeutics, and public-health interventions. However, current antiviral strategies are still constrained by important gaps, including rapid viral evolution, limited broad-spectrum efficacy, immune escape, antiviral resistance, incomplete durability of protection, and inequitable global access to prevention and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated overview of contemporary antiviral prevention and therapeutic strategies, spanning vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, direct-acting antivirals, host-targeted therapies, immunomodulators, RNA-based therapeutics, gene-editing technologies, and cellular immunotherapies. We discuss the mechanistic foundations, clinical applications, pharmacologic considerations, and translational challenges associated with each modality across major human viral pathogens, including HIV, HBV, HCV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, Ebola virus, arboviruses, and herpesviruses. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging innovations such as long-acting prophylaxis, Fc-engineered monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticle and mucosal vaccine platforms, CRISPR-based antiviral systems, and broadly protective host-directed approaches designed to overcome resistance and enhance pandemic preparedness. In addition, we highlight the growing importance of real-time genomic surveillance and equitable global deployment strategies in shaping future antiviral responses, collectively underscoring that the next generation of antiviral medicine will depend on the convergence of universal immunization strategies, durable therapeutics, precision immune modulation, and rapidly deployable platform technologies capable of addressing both endemic and emerging viral threats.

PMID 43011527
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