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budesonide (budesonide Modulite / budesonide, Chiesi / budesonide Modulite)

✓ Approved

Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. · NR3C1 · Small Molecule

What is budesonide?

budesonide is a small molecule developed by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand Namesbudesonide Modulite, budesonide, Chiesi, budesonide Modulite
CompanyChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

budesonide acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

budesonide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2026-11-11

Low-risk paediatric Crohn's disease: A narrative review of current evidence and unmet research needs.

Pochesci Saverio S, Scarallo Luca L, Gianolio Laura L, Russell Richard K RK

While current paediatric management increasingly favours early intensive treatment for children and adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) at high risk of disease progression, a smaller subset of patients presents with a potentially 'low-risk' disease phenotype. Identifying these children is clinically challenging, as overtreatment may expose them to unnecessary risks and costs, whereas undertreatment may allow irreversible bowel damage and complications to develop. This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the definition, assessment, treatment, and monitoring of low-risk paediatric CD, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and future research priorities. At present, no consensus definition of low-risk paediatric CD exists, and disease classification relies largely on the absence of recognised high-risk features rather than validated criteria. Similarly, unlike adult practice, no paediatric prognostic model is available to identify children likely to follow a persistently mild disease course. Current assessment requires integration of clinical indices, inflammatory biomarkers, endoscopy, cross-sectional imaging, and evaluation of growth and nutritional status. Dietary treatment (Exclusive Enteral Nutrition and emerging dietary strategies, including the CD Exclusion Diet [CDED] and the Tasty & Healthy [T&H]] remains the commonest induction therapy. Budesonide or antibiotics (azithromycin and metronidazole) represent an appropriate alternative for selected children. CDED and the T&H diet may also represent attractive medium term treatment options, although robust maintenance data are still awaited. Prospective studies are needed to establish a consensus definition, develop paediatric-specific prediction models, optimise risk stratification, and determine the most effective long-term therapeutic and monitoring approaches for the 'low-risk' population.

PMID 43010643
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PubMedCureus2026-11-09

Celiac Crisis: An Unusual Case of Severe Diarrhea.

Chen Ellie E, Cusumano Vivy V

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten. Celiac crisis is a severe manifestation characterized by profuse diarrhea, dehydration, hypotension, and severe metabolic derangements. We describe the case of an elderly patient with a remote childhood diagnosis of celiac disease who presented in celiac crisis. A 79-year-old man with hypertension managed on olmesartan presented with two weeks of severe watery diarrhea, weight loss, and edema that progressed to hypotension, acute kidney injury, and profound electrolyte abnormalities, necessitating multiple hospitalizations. Celiac serologies were markedly elevated, and he subsequently disclosed a childhood diagnosis of celiac disease that he had believed resolved. Duodenal biopsies demonstrated duodenitis with intraepithelial lymphocytosis and villous blunting. His symptoms persisted despite a gluten-free diet, withholding olmesartan, and supportive care but improved rapidly after initiation of budesonide. He was diagnosed with celiac crisis, with a possible contribution from olmesartan-associated enteropathy. Repeat endoscopy eight months later showed histologic remission. Celiac crisis should be considered in any patient presenting with severe diarrhea, dehydration, and metabolic abnormalities, especially when there is evidence of underlying celiac disease. In this patient, concurrent olmesartan use raised the possibility of a superimposed drug-induced enteropathy; although olmesartan was discontinued five days before budesonide was started, its contribution cannot be excluded and remains a confounding factor. Even so, this case highlights the importance of promptly recognizing celiac crisis and suggests a potential role for budesonide in patients whose symptoms persist despite gluten withdrawal and supportive care.

PMID 43001292
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PubMedThe Journal of craniofacial surgery2026-11-09

Novel Device and Methodology of Measuring Eyelid Skin in Oculoplastics.

Choi Kevin K, Varman Rahul R

Superotemporal visual field obstruction (VFO) often comes from a mix of dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, and blepharoptosis. Although the HFA is commonly used to assess this, it's not always available, and there's no straightforward physical examination tool that gives a quick, objective measurement of upper eyelid redundancy, especially in clinics outside ophthalmology. The authors designed a simple, caliper-like device to fill this gap. The device uses curved blades shaped to fit natural eyelid contour, with 1 mm markings that allow for consistent measurements across the upper lid. It can be used for static assessments or before and after a brow lift maneuver to document change. The authors tested the device on 2 patients with moderate to severe dermatochalasis. Measurements were quick, well-tolerated, and showed clear differences in skin redundancy. Because of the novelty of this device and method, it has been designated as the Choi Lid Index Gauge (CLIG). CLIG offers a low-cost, reproducible way to quantify upper eyelid skin excess. It could help surgeons objectively document surgical need, plan laterality, and track pre-op and post-op changes, especially in patients where the line between functional and aesthetic indication matters. With further validation, it may also support insurance documentation and reduce reliance on HFA in certain clinical settings.

PMID 43002084
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PubMedZeitschrift fur medizinische Physik2026-11-09

Comparison of sound processors for intraoperative monitoring of floating mass transducer coupling efficacy using auditory brainstem responses.

Dziemba Oliver C OC, Oberhoffner Tobias T

The benefit of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) active middle ear implant depends on the coupling quality between the floating mass transducer and the connection point in the middle ear. Intraoperative assessment via auditory brainstem responses has been proposed using either a programmed audio processor or a dedicated research tool (AcoustiAP). As the originally used processor (AP 404) is discontinued, this study compares the transmission characteristics of two successor devices (SAMBA 2 Hi, SAMBA 2 Lo) and the AcoustiAP against the AP 404. The four devices (MED-EL, Innsbruck) were coupled to a 2-cc coupler of an Aurical HIT test box. CE-Chirp stimuli were presented at 0, 30 and 65 dB nHL; a 0-100 dB nHL input-output function was also recorded for the AcoustiAP. The sound processors were programmed using DSLv5 for a threshold of 25 dB HL. High-frequency averages (HFA) were calculated according to DIN EN 60118-7. Intrinsic noise HFA were 12.0, 22.5, 25.7 and 26.0 dB SPL (SAMBA 2 Lo, AP 404, AcoustiAP, SAMBA 2 Hi). At 30 dB nHL, the sound processoes produced comparable outputs (46.5-47.0 dB SPL), whereas the AcoustiAP remained within its noise floor. The SAMBA 2 Hi showed the most linear behaviour; the SAMBA 2 Lo showed pronounced compression. The AcoustiAP signal was embedded in noise up to about 35 dB nHL and saturated at 70.1 dB SPL. The SAMBA 2 Hi is a suitable replacement for the AP 404. Due to the design of the SAMBA 2 Lo its output level and noise floor are lower compared to its Hi counter variant. That potentially offers options for testing individual programmed processors based on the degree of hearing loss. This idea should be investigated in further studies. The AcoustiAP currently does not allow reliable threshold-based assessment without correction.

PMID 43003754
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PubMedAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2026-11-09

Combined Rituximab and Daratumumab Induces Remission in Refractory Post-Transplant Crescentic IgA Nephropathy.

Zhang Xuchao X, Wei Chunchun C, Zheng Gui G, Yao Dicui D et al.

Recurrent crescentic IgA nephropathy (IgAN) after kidney transplantation is rare, aggressive, and often refractory to standard immunosuppression. We report a 17-year-old recipient with biopsy-confirmed recurrent crescentic IgAN two years after transplantation despite corticosteroids and targeted-release budesonide. Rescue therapy comprised one rituximab infusion with daratumumab, followed by four daratumumab infusions. Proteinuria decreased from 5.21 to 0.06 g/g, serum albumin normalized, and allograft function remained stable through day 482 after the first rescue infusion. Longitudinal CyTOF and flow cytometry showed sustained peripheral B-cell depletion and transient NK-cell reductions. One mild upper respiratory infection occurred. Sequential biopsies showed resolution of the active cellular crescent, although mesangial IgA staining and electron-dense deposits persisted. These clinical, histologic, and immune changes were temporally associated with combined CD20- and CD38-targeted therapy. This single case cannot establish efficacy, distinguish the contributions of rituximab and daratumumab, or exclude effects of preceding and supportive treatments, but supports further study of this rescue approach.

PMID 43003186
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PubMedCardiovascular drugs and therapy2026-11-09

SGLT2 Inhibitors in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Critical Evidence Appraisal and State-Specific Pharmacotherapeutic Positioning.

Wang Yubo Y, Du Shuzhen S, Wang Haixia H, Zhang Yixin Y et al.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve cardiorenal outcomes, but their role in anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction (ARCD) beyond established indications is uncertain. We appraised mechanistic and clinical evidence across pre-exposure prophylaxis (State A); an isolated surveillance abnormality or mild asymptomatic cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), both with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (State B); and symptomatic CTRCD/heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction or asymptomatic moderate/severe CTRCD (State C). This critical narrative review used structured searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Europe PMC, Web of Science Core Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov, supplemented by an Embase search during revision. Peer-reviewed literature through 15 August 2026 and registry status through 22 August 2026 were assessed by clinical state, evidentiary directness, endpoint relevance, and validity threats. Human evidence was predominantly retrospective, and SGLT2i use usually reflected conventional indications. Small prospective nonrandomized studies focused on imaging or biomarkers. Favorable associations remain vulnerable to residual confounding, treatment selection, competing cancer mortality, exposure-timing bias, and source-cohort overlap. No peer-reviewed randomized between-group efficacy report was available by the literature cutoff. Experimental studies support biological plausibility but not direct myocardial target engagement, a uniform class effect, preserved anticancer activity, or clinical benefit. State C warrants phenotype-appropriate guideline-based care, including SGLT2i when indicated; an incremental ARCD-specific benefit remains unproven. Without another indication, initiation in States A and B remains investigational. HFA-ICOS may guide surveillance and trial enrichment but is not a prescribing trigger.

PMID 43002363
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