Drug Database
DI

diltiazem

✓ Approved

Ethypharm Corp. · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is diltiazem?

diltiazem is a small molecule developed by Ethypharm Corp.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

CompanyEthypharm Corp.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ethypharm Corp.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

diltiazem acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

diltiazem is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedSurgical endoscopy2026-11-11

Suture reinforcement versus no reinforcement in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: what do randomized trials show? A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Brucchi Francesco F, Sassun Richard R, Sperotto Beatrice B, Cirocchi Roberto R et al.

Suture reinforcement (SR) of the staple line is widely used in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), but whether it prevents staple-line leak remains unresolved. We updated the randomized evidence comparing SR with no reinforcement (NR) and assessed its robustness for leak. PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched to 31 July 2026, with hand-searching of previous meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed for each outcome (RoB 2). Rare events were pooled with Peto odds ratios and Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios (RRs), and operative time as a mean difference (MD). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and GRADE were applied. Fourteen RCTs (2,646 patients; SR 1,410, NR 1,236) are included; seven are at high risk of bias. SR probably reduces postoperative bleeding (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.21-0.62; 25 fewer per 1,000; moderate certainty), consistently across risk-of-bias subgroups. Leak occurs in 0.9% with SR and 2.3% with NR (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.72), but the reduction is driven by small trials at high risk of bias and is not significant when these are excluded (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22-1.08). TSA shows that 21.4% of the required information has accrued, without crossing the monitoring boundary; certainty is very low. SR may increase operative time (MD + 18.5 min, 95% CI 13.3-23.7; low certainty). Suture reinforcement probably reduces postoperative bleeding at the cost of a longer operation. Its effect on staple-line leak is very uncertain and rests on small trials at high risk of bias; adequately powered contemporary trials are needed.

PMID 43009616
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in psychology2026-11-11

Baseline cognitive insight moderates the efficacy of metacognitive training for psychosis: an individual participant data analysis.

Goncalves Adrien A, Ochoa Susana S, Moritz Steffen S, Gawęda Łukasz Ł et al.

Metacognitive Training (MCT) for psychosis is designed to target metacognitive processes, yet evidence for its effects on cognitive insight remains inconclusive, owing primarily to the limited methodological quality of available trials. A potential explanation lies in baseline heterogeneity, with a substantial proportion of participants presenting high baseline cognitive insight, thereby limiting observable change. This study used harmonized individual participant data from the PERMEPSY database, including 614 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from 13 international studies. Cognitive insight was assessed using the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), including Self-Reflectiveness (SR), Self-Certainty (SC), and a composite index (CI). Baseline moderation effects were examined using ANCOVA models with a continuous Group × Baseline interaction term, complemented by stratified ANOVAs to visualize the interaction pattern and estimate within-stratum effect sizes. ANCOVA models revealed significant Group × Baseline interactions across all BCIS dimensions, indicating that baseline cognitive insight moderated treatment response. Stratified ANOVAs yielded convergent results for SR and SC. Effect sizes followed a consistent gradient, with larger improvements observed among participants with lower baseline insight. Notably, 26.5% of participants already scored in the high-insight category at baseline, suggesting that ceiling effects may have partially obscured treatment effects at the group level in previous trials. MCT appears to improve cognitive insight, particularly among participants with greater baseline impairment. These findings suggest that baseline heterogeneity is a key determinant of MCT efficacy and may account for previously inconsistent results.

PMID 43011308
Read full article →
PubMedMRS bulletin2026-11-11

Electron probe microanalysis as a versatile tool to probe the chemistry of radioactive wasteforms.

Creasey-Gray Stuart S, Stennett Martin M, Thorpe Clare C, Manifold Garry G et al.

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is a powerful, nondestructive microscopy tool that finds ubiquitous application in the broader field of materials science. Herein, it was demonstrated that EPMA is a versatile tool for probing the chemistry of nuclear materials, particularly wasteform systems for the immobilization of intermediate and high-level radioactive waste, with constituents such as Cs, Sr, U and Pu. This communication evidences the efficacy of EPMA to further understand the five distinct wasteform systems for both nonradioactive surrogate material particularly relevant to the UK radioactive waste management and disposal program, including alpha-active systems containing 238U.

PMID 43011317
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of fish biology2026-11-11

Size-structured monitoring and otolith chemistry reveal recurrent tidal-freshwater use by juvenile Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus in the lower Yangtze River.

Guo Hongyi H, Zhang Xuguang X, Tang Wenqiao W, Liu Kai K

Tidal freshwater reaches may provide early-life habitat for diadromous fishes, but long-term evidence of their use remains limited. Size-resolved records are needed as a reference for monitoring under the Yangtze fishing ban introduced in 2021. We analysed monitoring data from Jingjiang, 240 km upstream of the river mouth (2002-2017; 519 effective surveys; 10,560 measured individuals), combining size-based catch indices, environmental-window analyses and otolith Sr/Ca profiles from 115 Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus. Individuals <120 mm standard length were classified operationally as juveniles during August-October, when scale readings supported an age-0 interpretation, whereas individuals ≥180 mm were treated as a descriptive large-fish category throughout the year. Juveniles occurred in every survey year; annulus-free individuals also occurred in winter and spring. The Juvenile Recruitment Index (JRI) showed negative associations with tidal range across the April-July spawning and larval-transport period, although none of the 72 environmental-window correlations remained significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction at a 5% false-discovery rate. Monthly models also showed a negative lagged association. None of the 40 autumn recruits sampled across four capture years had an accepted elevated Sr/Ca zone; such zones were more frequent in later developmental groups. Total catch obscured contrasting size structures: 2016 combined the series-high JRI with few large fish, whereas 2010 combined the series-high large-fish catch rate with a mid-range JRI. These findings document recurrent early-life use of a tidal freshwater reach and provide a size-resolved pre-ban reference, without establishing a disproportionate contribution to adult production.

PMID 43012341
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in dental medicine2026-11-11

Study design considerations for mandibular and maxillary research in the OVX rat model.

Ianiero Mitchell A MA, Ward Wendy E WE

A recent systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis reporting the changes in BMD and bone structure in the mandible post-ovariectomy (OVX) noted high heterogeneity among the primary studies. This perspective addresses aspects in study design that should be considered and reported to reduce heterogeneity in future OVX studies investigating mandible and maxilla BMD and bone structure. A search of the literature conducted in Medline via OVID for studies analyzing BMD or bone structure in the mandible and maxilla of rats post-OVX identified 43 studies for inclusion. This perspective discusses and shares recommendations for five aspects within a study that, if more closely controlled and/or reported within a publication, can contribute to more meaningful comparisons of findings among studies using the OVX rat model to investigate changes in mandible and maxilla due to OVX or in response to an intervention. These aspects include: age at time of OVX; time since OVX; feeding protocol; diet texture and nutrient composition; and type of imaging use. Following these recommendations can help inform future study design and allow for more direct comparisons among studies. In turn, findings from such individual studies can be assessed within SRs that include meta-analyses and enhance an understanding of using the OVX rat model in this field of research.

PMID 43011384
Read full article →
PubMed3 Biotech2026-11-11

In-vitro a​nd in-vivo plant growth-promoting assessment of native actinomycetes for enhancing Abelmoschus esculentus L. growth: pattern recognition and machine learning-based recommendations.

Kannan Raju R, Moorthy Thirupathi Seenivasa TS, Venkidasamy Baskar B, Arcot Rekha R et al.

Actinomycetes can contribute to plant growth and nutrient acquisition through multiple plant growth-promoting mechanisms. Plants find it challenging to absorb nutrients (N, P, and K) because of the absence of helpful microbes in the soil. In this regard, the current study on the application of actinomycete isolates Sr KAC3 (PP550146), Sb KAC4 (PP177363), Sm KAC6 (PP177364), Ma KAC8 (PP177365), Sc KAC10 (PP177366), Sw KAC11 (PP177374), and Sg KAC12 (PP177389) in different consortia formulations challenged okra plants during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2023-2024 in order to record promoting plant growth traits (IAA, Phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, siderophore and ammonia production), physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content, relative water content), and yield assessment (flowering count, total fruit weight and fruit numbers). The field experiment comprised 3 replicates per treatment (5.92 m²), 11 treatments per site, 10 plants per replicate (1.97 m²), two sites, and two seasons, totally 1,320 plants. The data from two sites at two seasons has been used for machine learning prediction. The Random Forest Regressor model was used to optimize parameters influencing okra growth and anticipate significant treatments to improve precision farming. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed robust treatment effects (p < 0.001), corroborated by Random Forest models achieving R² ≥ 0.998, establishing C9 as the most effective growth-promoting treatment. Experiments suggested that consortium C9 (Streptomyces bangladeshensis (Sb) KAC4, Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum (Ma) KAC8, Streptomyces calvus (Sc) KAC10) enhanced plant growth and improved fruit numbers. The Random Forest models describe the relationship between measured traits and yield components within this experiment and were not designed for pre-harvest treatment selection. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-026-05131-0.

PMID 43011301
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about diltiazem