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AG

AG-1321001 (theobromine, SEEK / Anycough / AG1321001)

✓ Approved

Ahn-Gook Pharmaceutical · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is AG-1321001?

AG-1321001 is a small molecule developed by Ahn-Gook Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Namestheobromine, SEEK, Anycough, AG1321001
CompanyAhn-Gook Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ahn-Gook Pharmaceutical

Therapeutic Indications

AG-1321001 is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersCough✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthmaPhase II

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PubMedEES solar2026-11-11

Low-temperature screen-printed Ag and Ag-Cu metallization for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

Artuk Kerem K, De Bastiani Michele M, Champault Lisa L, Zhao Jun J et al.

We demonstrate monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells incorporating a screen-printed silver front metallization grid, achieving in-house efficiencies of up to 34.02% on a 1 cm2 active area, 34.01% on 4 cm2, and 31.29% on 54 cm2. Careful selection of metal pastes and optimization of the metal-ITO interface enable screen-printed electrodes to outperform evaporated Ag at the 1 cm2 scale while supporting scale-up to 54 cm2 with ∼8% relative efficiency loss. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept glass-glass encapsulated module comprising two parallel strings of two series-connected 54 cm2 cells (designated illumination area of 216 cm2) demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 26.7% with a V oc approaching 3.85 V. In parallel, Ag (35 wt%)-Cu pastes are shown to result in comparable tandem cell peak efficiencies, with average relative losses of ∼5% compared to Ag, offering a route to reduced silver consumption in tandems.

PMID 43011374
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PubMedFood science & nutrition2026-11-11

Andrographolide, A Plant-Based Dietary Bioactive Nutritional Health Compound, Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through the STAT3/P53 Signaling Pathway.

Xia Qiuyuan Q, Liu Xinxin X, Qin Song S, Feng Banghai B et al.

Andrographolide (AG) is a plant-derived bioactive diterpenoid compound with potential applications in nutritional science and clinical nutrition. This study investigated whether AG attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) by inhibiting ferroptosis via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/tumor protein P53 (P53) signaling pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a hyperoxia-induced lung injury model, and the protective effects of AG were compared with those of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Lung histopathological changes, the lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferrous iron (Fe2+), glutathione (GSH), inflammatory cytokines, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression were assessed. Network pharmacology and functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify potential targets of AG, followed by validation in MLE-12 lung epithelial cells and mouse models. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (P-STAT3), total STAT3, P53, and GPX4 was examined by western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to investigate the interaction between STAT3 and P53. Hyperoxia induced marked lung injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, increased pulmonary edema, and alterations in ferroptosis-related indicators. Both AG and Fer-1 attenuated lung injury and reduced ferroptosis-associated changes. Network pharmacology analysis identified 79 potential targets associated with HALI, with STAT3 emerging as a core candidate target. In MLE-12 cells, AG attenuated ferroptosis-associated changes, whereas the STAT3 phosphorylation activator Colivelin TFA attenuated these protective effects. Co-IP confirmed an interaction between STAT3 and P53, and Colivelin TFA also weakened the protective effects of AG in the mouse model. These findings suggest that AG may alleviate HALI by inhibiting ferroptosis through modulation of the STAT3/P53 signaling pathway, providing experimental evidence for its potential as a plant-derived bioactive compound for further investigation in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-11-11

A Multiple Signal Amplification Strategy from the Cascade Reactions of Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Hybridization Chain Reaction for a Novel Bioelectronic Sensor.

Lou Junyong J, Zhan Jiajun J, Wang Futing F, Li Yujin Y et al.

A highly sensitive bioelectronic sensor (BES) was developed to analyze miRNA-182, utilizing Ag@Au hexagonal nanoplates (Ag@Au HNPs) in conjunction with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) cascade reactions. The Ag@Au HNPs improve the conductivity between glucose oxidase (GOD) and carbon paper (CP), thereby contributing to enhanced electron transport in the BES. In addition, the multi-amplification strategy of the BES integrates the CHA-HCR cascade reaction with a capacitor to efficiently amplify the detection signal and enhance the sensitivity. As a result, the BES enables highly sensitive detection of miRNA-182 with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 fM (S/N = 3) in a wide linear response range of 1∼104 fM. Furthermore, the BES exhibited significant applicability in the detection of miRNA-182 in real samples.

PMID 43010500
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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-11-11

Dual-Label Sequentially Released DNA Probe for Self-Powered PEC-RGB Sensing of Coexisting Mycotoxins.

Zhang Yanru Y, Fu Yutong Y, Fan Xue X, Liu Hongye H et al.

On-site assay of multiple coexisting mycotoxins is critical for securing food safety and safeguarding public health. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing meets the demand of on-site analysis owing to the advantages of easy miniaturization, rapid response, and low cost. However, existing signal discrimination strategies for multiplexed PEC detection typically rely on complex electrode modification and external instrumentation, limiting their on-site applicability. To address this issue, we developed a dual-label sequentially released DNA probe (DSRDP) and constructed an ion exchange-mediated modification-free self-powered sensing platform, which enables on-site PEC red-green-blue (RGB) sensing of dual targets. The DSRDP was formed by assembling Ag NPs-terminated double-stranded DNA and PC-Linker-modified hairpin DNA bearing CuO NPs on the magnetic beads' surface. Upon the simultaneous recognition of two targets, the first signal label (Ag NPs) was obtained in the supernatant through magnetic separation, and the other signal label (CuO NPs) was released via UV-induced photocleavage of the photocleavable linker (PC-Linker). Subsequently, acidification of each signal label triggered the ion exchange (Ag+ or Cu2+) with the MgIn2S4 photoanode, which quenched the photocurrent resulting from the heterostructure formation. Meanwhile, Ag+ or Cu2+ also induced a color change of Na2S solution, which provided the visual RGB signal for the dual-target assay using a smartphone. The PEC-RGB sensor exhibited linear ranges of 1 fg/mL-100 ng/mL of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) with LODs of 0.24 fg/mL and 0.33 fg/mL in PEC mode, respectively, and linear ranges of 1 pg/mL-100 ng/mL of AFB1 and OTA with LODs of 10.96 fg/mL and 3.63 fg/mL in RGB mode, respectively. Featuring convenient target separation, rapid signal transduction, and self-powered detection, this work may pave the way for portable on-site detection of coexisting mycotoxins for food safety assessment and environmental monitoring.

PMID 43010522
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PubMedHSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery2026-11-11

The Relationship Between Preoperative Cervical Muscle Morphology and Reciprocal Cervical Alignment Changes After Lumbar Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Verna Bruno B, Burkhard Marco D MD, Guven Ali E AE, Mielke Anna-Maria AM et al.

Lumbar sagittal realignment induces compensatory changes throughout the thoracic and cervical spine. Given the role of cervical musculature in head posture, we sought to evaluate whether preoperative cervical muscle morphology is associated with immediate cervical alignment changes following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which lumbar PSO patients with preoperative and immediate postoperative (1-30 days) standing whole-spine radiographs were reviewed. C2 to 7 sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) was measured. For muscle analysis, a subset with preoperative cervical MRI was included. At C3, anterior muscle group (AG) and trapezius (TP) functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) and fatty infiltration (FI) were obtained. Ninety-nine patients were included in the initial analysis. Mean cSVA significantly decreased from 30.4 to 26.7 mm. Twenty-two patients had a preoperative cervical MRI available for muscle analysis. Spearman correlation analysis showed that greater TP fCSA correlated with larger postoperative reductions in cSVA, whereas greater TP FI correlated with smaller reductions in cSVA. Larger AG fCSA also correlated with smaller reductions in cSVA. Preoperative cervical muscle morphology was associated with reciprocal cervical alignment changes after PSO. Greater TP fCSA correlated with larger postoperative reductions in cSVA, whereas greater TP FI correlated with smaller reductions. Larger AG fCSA also correlated with smaller immediate cervical alignment changes. Together, these findings suggest that the relative balance between posterior stabilizing and anterior cervical muscle quality may influence the magnitude of acute cervical decompensation following thoracolumbar realignment. Level IV, retrospective cohort study.

PMID 43011116
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PubMedACS omega2026-11-11

Large-Scale Synthesis (75 g/Batch) of Single-Atom Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO and Commercialization Potential Analysis.

Racine Carter C, Badreldin Ahmed A, Pellessier John J, Chen Yayun Y et al.

A promising approach to mitigate climate change is to use renewable electricity to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into useful products like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons. While research has largely focused on developing high-performance catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R), scalability of catalyst synthesis remains underexplored. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts with dominant single-atom sites are among the most effective materials for CO production, but conventional synthesis methods rely on energy-intensive steps and complex pre- and post-treatment processes, hindering scalability and adding negative environmental impacts. This work demonstrates a scalable, single-step synthesis of M-N-C (M = Ni/Fe) catalysts using commercially available multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and melamine as the feedstock. The method leverages inherent Ni/Fe impurities in MWCNTs, requiring only moderate-temperature pyrolysis (650 °C) without any pre- or post-treatments. Batch sizes up to 75 g were successfully produced using both regular-grade (>95% carbon content) and cheaper but more impure industrial-grade (>90% carbon content) MWCNTs. Structural, chemical, and electrochemical analyses confirmed reproducibility. Catalysts consistently achieved >98% CO selectivity at commercially relevant current densities (500 mA cm-2), outperforming benchmark Ag nanoparticle catalysts. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) further underscored the commercialization potential, yielding a base case minimum selling price (MSP) of $145 per tonne of CO, $255 below the current CO market price and lower than that obtained using Ag catalysts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) showed significant environmental benefits, registering 21% lower CO2-equivalent emissions compared to using Ag catalysts. Overall, this scalable approach produces high-performance M-N-C catalysts while delivering clear environmental and economic advantages, advancing the commercialization of eCO2R technology.

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