Drug Database
DR

drug delivery system

✓ Approved

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · therapeutic agent

What is drug delivery system?

drug delivery system is a therapeutic agent developed by Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via surgical implantation.

Drug Profile

CompanyTitan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
RouteSurgical Implantation
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

drug delivery system is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCell reports. Physical science2026-11-11

Ultrasound-activated drug release with extracellular vesicles.

Shi Xi X, He Weilong W, Xu Haiyue H, Dasgupta Rinki R et al.

Precise, noninvasive targeting and controlled drug release to the nervous system can transform both basic research and clinical therapy. Ultrasound combined with artificial carriers offers a promising approach for precise, noninvasive drug release. Here, we report a focused ultrasound (FUS)-responsive delivery system based on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are naturally occurring, biocompatible phospholipid nanocarriers. To enable ultrasound responsiveness, the lipid-gas phase-transition material perfluoropentane (PFP) is co-encapsulated with therapeutic agents into EVs via low-temperature sonication. The resulting EVs are 100-200 nm in size and demonstrate efficient, on-demand release upon ultrasound stimulation. In primary cultured neurons, FUS-triggered release from EVs loaded with PFP and lidocaine suppresses neuronal activity with minimal cytotoxicity. We further demonstrate in vivo modulation of pain sensitivity in rats. Overall, this EV-based platform enables safe, ultrasound-activated drug delivery and supports therapeutic applications of lipid nanocarriers.

PMID 43011967
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PubMedAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences2026-11-11

From Mucin to Smart Medicine: Engineering Mucin-Based Biomaterials for Advanced and Responsive Drug Delivery.

Abudayah Alaa A AA

Mucin, a highly glycosylated macromolecular component of mucus, has traditionally been regarded as a biological barrier that restricts drug transport across mucosal surfaces. Growing evidence, however, has repositioned mucin as a functional and engineerable biomaterial with distinctive potential for advanced drug delivery. This review examines the evolution of mucin-based delivery systems from native mucin and bulk matrices to engineered hydrogels, hybrid materials, micro- and nanoparticles, and intrinsically glycosylated nanocarriers such as mucosomes. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between mucin molecular architecture and pharmaceutical functionality and on the engineering strategies used to control its material properties, including chemical modification, crosslinking, polymer hybridization, nanoscale assembly, and molecular programming. These approaches have progressively transformed mucin-based systems from passive drug reservoirs into environmentally responsive and increasingly programmable platforms capable of controlled release, molecular recognition, and on-demand therapeutic responses. Emerging applications in mucosal and ocular delivery, antimicrobial and biofilm therapy, biologics, and nucleic acid therapeutics further demonstrate the expanding pharmaceutical potential of mucin. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains constrained by source-dependent heterogeneity, variability in glycosylation and purification, batch-to-batch reproducibility, stability, sterilization, scalable manufacturing, and limited in vivo validation. Future progress will require better-defined mucin materials, standardized characterization and manufacturing, rigorous safety and efficacy assessment, and demonstration of clear therapeutic advantages over established delivery systems. Collectively, advances in mucin engineering, glycoengineering, nanotechnology, and molecular programming may enable the transition of mucin from a biological barrier component to a responsive, programmable, and clinically relevant platform for smart drug delivery.

PMID 43011189
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-11-11

The immunological landscape of antibody-drug conjugates: from target to payload biology.

Waight Jeremy D JD, Speranza Maria C MC, Hopson Christopher B CB, Hance Kenneth W KW

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have the potential to impact biology well beyond targeted cytotoxin delivery. Here, we discuss considerations for ADC immune interplay, from Fc biology to elicitation of immunogenic cell death (ICD), to manipulation of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered significant attention as a major therapeutic modality in oncology. By combining a targeting mechanism with various classes of small-molecule payloads, ADCs offer a highly modular approach to either selectively deliver (or promote accumulation of) chemotherapeutic agents to tumors, fueling a dramatic expansion in ADC clinical development. With hundreds of candidates now progressing through clinical testing in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, a more nuanced understanding of ADC biology is starting to take shape. Despite the relatively simplistic design, even modest changes to the antibody and/or warhead-linker-payload (WLP) design can result in significant biological variance. Instead of just scaffolds for drug delivery, a growing body of evidence supports a multifaceted role for ADCs, including a mechanistic relationship with the immune system. Here, we discuss considerations for ADC immune interplay, from Fc biology to elicitation of immunogenic cell death (ICD), to influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Finally, we explore the translational challenges of optimizing ADC-immunotherapy combinations, including payload selection, linker design, and safety considerations for combination regimens. Collectively, this review explores the evolving understanding of immunomodulatory characteristics of ADCs and their potential to bridge targeted therapy and cancer immunology.

PMID 43011380
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PubMedRSC advances2026-11-11

Chemical design principles governing receptor-mediated blood-brain barrier transcytosis: analysis of 563 molecular shuttles.

Abbrederis Nathalie N, Petersen Mathias Hatting MH, Møller Carmen Vega CV, Dziuba Klaudia K et al.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle to central nervous system drug delivery. Receptor-mediated transcytosis offers a promising strategy, motivating diverse molecular shuttle designs. Here, we systematically analyse 563 chemically defined BBB shuttles, comprising peptides (229), aptamers (149), antibodies (114), nanobodies (11), primary nanoparticles (12), and other constructs (48). Despite extensive chemical diversity, documented advanced-stage evidence remains concentrated in relatively few constructs. In the originally annotated subset (356/563 shuttles), only 39 reached the level indicating quantitative in vivo brain exposure or functional CNS delivery. Antibodies accounted for 71.8% (28/39) of these records, compared with 28.2% (11/39) for peptides and aptamers combined. Transferrin receptor dominated aptamer targeting (71.8%), whereas neonatal Fc receptor predominated among peptides (73.4%). The 39 advanced-stage records represented only seven annotated receptor targets. These findings reveal a disconnect between molecular diversification and documented translational evidence for BBB shuttles in our dataset. Further progress requires rigorous quantification of brain delivery, improved mechanistic validation, and systematic optimisation of receptor engagement, trafficking, molecular design, and cargo release.

PMID 43011777
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PubMedDrug delivery2026-11-11

Dual-scaffold imageable embolic system with microenvironment normalization enhances hypoxia-activated chemoembolization for HCC.

Qi Zhong Z, Huang Shanqin S, Xiao Feng F, Yang Kai K et al.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by the post-embolization tumor microenvironment (pE-TME), which drives revascularization and fibrosis, thereby narrowing the hypoxic window and restricting drug penetration for hypoxia-activated prodrugs like tirapazamine (TPZ). To overcome this challenge, we developed a dual-scaffold theranostic platform integrating an iodinated thermosensitive PNIPAM hydrogel with genipin-crosslinked albumin microspheres for the coordinated co-delivery of nintedanib (NIB) and TPZ. This platform provides intrinsic X-ray visibility, rapid in situ gelation, enhanced mechanical strength, and sustained drug release with excellent hemocompatibility. In vitro, released NIB inhibited fibroblast proliferation, while TPZ potently induced apoptosis in hypoxic HCC cells. In vivo, the platform enabled stable vascular occlusion and prolonged tumor retention. In an orthotopic HCC model, the dual-drug combination achieved 91% tumor inhibition, significantly outperforming embolization alone and single-drug groups, without systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, TPZ promoted apoptosis (Caspase-3/Ki-67), whereas NIB suppressed compensatory angiogenesis (VEGF/CD31) and collagen deposition (α-SMA), thereby remodeling the pE-TME to stabilize hypoxia. By converting the therapy-limiting hypoxic microenvironment into a therapeutic asset, this dual-scaffold strategy offers a new paradigm for amplifying TACE efficacy.

PMID 43010169
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PubMedCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology2026-11-11

Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target in Neurological Disorders: Pharmacological Advances and Translational Challenges.

Eng Jun Hong JH, Chong Ashley En Yi AEY, Koh Rhun Yian RY, Ling Anna Pick Kiong APK

Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated form of programmed cell death characterised by distinct features, including excessive iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and impaired antioxidant mechanisms. The susceptibility of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to ferroptosis has been reported, along with evidence that ferroptosis is associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), stroke, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To date, major ferroptosis inhibitors encompass iron chelators, lipid-trapping antioxidants, and antioxidant modulators. Translational challenges in drug toxicity, selectivity, and delivery promote drug development in terms of improving pharmacokinetics through structural modification, alternative routes of administration, and nanoparticle encapsulation. In addition, research on identifying novel and promising ferroptosis inhibitors from natural products and known drug compounds is continuous, accompanied by ongoing drug optimisation and modification. Biomarkers of ferroptosis have been discussed given the emerging clinical interest in them for disease diagnosis or prognosis and patient stratification. Standalone anti-ferroptotic treatments for CNS disorders have been found to be difficult to achieve favourable clinical outcomes, thereby suggesting combination therapies that not only harness ferroptosis but also address diverse pathological pathways in the respective diseases as a prospect for managing CNS disorders. Thus, this article aims to review recent updates on clinically approved ferroptosis inhibitors as well as summarise the current drug development landscape and outline future directions to provide a better understanding of the contemporary development of ferroptosis inhibitors for neurological disorders.

PMID 43012292
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