Drug Database
IB

ibuprofen + pamabrom

✓ Approved

GC Biopharma · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ibuprofen + pamabrom?

ibuprofen + pamabrom is a small molecule developed by GC Biopharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

CompanyGC Biopharma
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GC Biopharma

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ibuprofen + pamabrom acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ibuprofen + pamabrom is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersDysmenorrhoea✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternal and emergency medicine2026-10-21

Intravenous ibuprofen versus ketorolac for acute low back pain in the emergency department: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

Jafarkhani Mona M, Bahreini Maryam M, Rasooli Fatemeh F

Considering the frequency of recurrence in low back pain (LBP), there is no single medication group with promising efficacy in acute settings. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide better pain relief with rather low complications. Since ketorolac has been relatively effective, we compared its safety and efficacy with ibuprofen as an alternative for pain relief in acute LBP. In this multi-centric triple-blind randomized clinical trial, we compared intravenous (IV) ibuprofen and ketorolac in patients with acute LBP presenting to the EDs of three university hospitals. Group 1 received IV ibuprofen (800 mg), and group 2 received IV ketorolac (30 mg), based on a computerized random sequence. Trained head nurses prepared analgesics in blocks of four. Neither patients nor the researcher or the statistician knew about the medication. We applied Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for patients to score their pain at baseline and 10 and 30 min after pain medications. Of 73 enrolled patients, 39 were in the ketorolac group and 34 participants in the ibuprofen group. Pain scores were significantly lower in the ibuprofen group at both 10 min (49.6 vs 57.4; p =0.013) and 30 min (32.2 vs 40.7; p =0.038). Based on the pain intensity after 30 min, the majority of patients in the ibuprofen group (70.6%) rated their pain as mild, while only 35.9% of the ketorolac group reported pain relief to a mild level (p <0.001). The mean ED length of stay was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group, whereas rescue analgesia and adverse events were comparable between the groups. Pain intensity was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group than in the ketorolac group after 10 and 30 min, without a significant difference in side effects. Intravenous ibuprofen can serve as an acceptable alternative and might be more effective than ketorolac in acute LBP in the ED.

PMID 42902081
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PubMedCurrent pharmaceutical design2026-10-20

Design, In Silico Targeting, and Characterization of Curcumin-Ibuprofen Prodrug Microspheres for Brain-Specific Delivery in Alzheimer's Therapy.

Kumari Priya P, Sathyanarayanan Arulmozhi A, Pimpalkar Kunal K, Kumar Ajay A et al.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition characterized by limited treatment effectiveness, attributed to inadequate Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability and low medication absorption. Curcumin and ibuprofen possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties but are limited by pharmacokinetic constraints. This study aimed to synthesize a curcumin-ibuprofen mutual prodrug (CIP), formulate it into chitosan-based microspheres (CIPM), and evaluate its neuroprotective potential for brain-targeted delivery in AD. CIP was synthesized via ethylenediamine carbodiimide (EDCI) mediated esterification and confirmed through IR, NMR, LC-MS, and DSC. CIPM microspheres were prepared using emulsion crosslinking, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, drug entrapment efficiency (85.5%), zeta potential, particle size analysis, and DSC. In silico tools (SwissADME, ProTox-II) and molecular docking were used to assess ADMET profiles and target binding (AChE, BACE1, β-secretase). Network pharmacology identified overlapping targets between curcumin and AD. In vivo evaluation was conducted in a TMT (Trimethyltin)- induced neurodegeneration rat model through behavioral Morris Water Maze (MWM), Novel Object Recognition (NOR), Social Recognition Test (SRT), and biochemical and histological assessments. CIP demonstrated strong binding affinity with AD-related targets (-10.0 to -8.5 kcal/mol) and favorable ADMET properties. Network analysis identified 226 overlapping targets and key hub genes. CIPM significantly improved cognitive performance, antioxidant enzyme levels, and neuronal integrity compared to individual drugs and showed comparable efficacy to donepezil. The present study demonstrates that the curcumin-ibuprofen conjugate, when delivered through chitosan-based microspheres, effectively enhances brain targeting and overcomes pharmacokinetic barriers. The formulation not only improved drug bioavailability but also showed superior neuroprotective and cognitive benefits compared to individual drugs. Molecular docking and network pharmacology further confirmed its multi-target potential, suggesting a synergistic mechanism in modulating key AD pathways. These outcomes highlight CIPM as a promising candidate that warrants further pharmacokinetic and clinical validations for Alzheimer's therapy. The curcumin-ibuprofen prodrug-loaded microspheres present a promising brain-targeted treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease by improving bioavailability, engaging multiple targets, and providing neuroprotection.

PMID 42897836
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PubMedPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026-10-20

Novel ibuprofen hydrogels self-assembled with biocompatible amino acids: mechanistic understanding and performance optimization.

Liu Xiaoqian X, Li Mingjun M, Yue Wuheng W, Yue Zhimin Z et al.

Ibuprofen (IBU), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, faces restricted application mainly due to its intrinsically poor aqueous solubility and resultant low membrane permeability. With the continuous advancement of gel research, small-molecule hydrogels have garnered increasing attention in the field of pharmaceutical formulations. This study explores the potential of the proposed strategy as a new formulation approach for ameliorating the performance of IBU through self-assembly with biocompatible amino acids, and elucidates the underlying gelation mechanism. The formation of IBU hydrogels was governed by the compatibility of the IBU-amino acid systems, the dynamic equilibrium between dissolution and aggregation, and ionic interactions between components in aqueous surroundings, which were markedly modulated by component molar ratios, volumes of water addition, preparation temperatures, and pH values of aqueous media. Compared to pure IBU, the IBU solubility of the formed IBU-amino acid hydrogels was significantly improved by over 30-fold. Moreover, such IBU hydrogels exhibited excellent drug release performance and superior supersaturation maintenance capacity. Additionally, compared with commercially available IBU hydrogels, the prepared IBU-amino acid hydrogels significantly accelerated IBU membrane permeation, highlighting their great potential for the transdermal delivery system. In summary, this study presents a practical formulation strategy by designing drug-amino acid hydrogels to enhance their release and permeability for performance optimization.

PMID 42899331
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PubMedAesthetic plastic surgery2026-10-20

Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block versus Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Breast Reduction Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Outcome Assessor- Blinded, Controlled Trial.

Kilinc Leyla L, Turk Hacer Sebnem HS, Salkaya Aysel A, Yildiz Sevki S et al.

Breast reduction surgery is a common aesthetic procedure associated with significant postoperative pain. Effective analgesia plays an important role in reducing opioid consumption, minimizing adverse effects, facilitating postoperative recovery, and improving patient satisfaction. Fascial plane blocks have recently gained popularity for breast surgery. This randomized study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing breast reduction surgery. Seventy female patients undergoing bilateral breast reduction surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: ESPB (Group ESPB, n = 35) and SAPB (Group SAPB, n = 35). Blocks were performed bilaterally under ultrasound guidance, with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine each side, 30 min before surgery. All procedures were performed using the wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty technique with a superiomedial pedicle by the same surgical team. Postoperative analgesia included intravenous paracetamol, ibuprofen, and intravenous tramadol patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Primer outcome was 24-h tramadol consumption through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Secondary outcomes included time to first analgesic requirement from PCA, postoperative pain scores (NRS), intraoperative remifentanil consumption, perioperative variables, length of hospital stay, and adverse effects. Primary-outcome data were available for 35 SAPB and 34 ESPB patients. Mean 24-hour tramadol consumption was 70.0 ± 37.7 mg with SAPB and 53.2 ± 29.1 mg with ESPB (mean difference, SAPB minus ESPB, 16.8 mg; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-33.0 mg; p = 0.043). Median time to first analgesic requirement was 420 min with SAPB and 630 min with ESPB (log-rank p < 0.001). Pain scores did not differ significantly. Nausea occurred in five SAPB patients and no ESPB patients (Fisher's exact p = 0.054); vomiting occurred in either group. Bradycardia occurred in one ESPB group patient (p = 1). In this single-center trial, ESPB was associated with lower 24-h tramadol consumption and a longer time to first PCA demand than SAPB, while pain scores were comparable. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID 42900383
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PubMedInternational journal of phytoremediation2026-10-19

Evaluation of chemically activated hydrochar from filter coffee waste for ibuprofen removal: process optimisation using response surface methodology.

Kaya Nihan N, Yildiz Uzun Zeynep Z, Seyfeli Rukan Can RC, Ceylan Selim S

In this study, hydrochars prepared by hydrothermal carbonization from filter coffee waste, which is released in large quantities from the coffee brewing and processing industries and is considered an industrial byproduct due to its organic content, were activated with three different chemical agents, and the activated hydrochar with the highest surface area (1591.89 m2/g) was used as an adsorbent for ibuprofen removal from water. For this purpose, the activated hydrochar was comprehensively characterized using SEM, FT-IR, TGA, and BET analyses. The adsorption process was systematically optimized using response surface methodology, ensuring accurate prediction and optimization of maximum ibuprofen removal efficiency under varying operational parameters (pH, temperature, and contact time). ANOVA results showed that achieving maximum removal efficiency (93.52%) at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L and an adsorbent amount of 0.1 g/50 mL solution required a contact time of 91 min under ambient conditions of pH = 2.35 and 28 °C. Experimental results showed that the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.985) and the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.982). Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and predominantly endothermic. Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) values decreased from -5.03 kJ/mol to -16.17 kJ/mol, confirming the favorable nature of ibuprofen removal. Enthalpy (ΔH°) was determined as 16.99 kJ/mol, while entropy (ΔS°) took a value of 68.77 J/mol.K, indicating increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. This study demonstrates that activated hydrochars, which can be regenerated and reused for up to four additional cycles while maintaining a high ibuprofen removal efficiency of 80.45%, have considerable potential as effective and sustainable adsorbents for the treatment of aqueous solutions. Moreover, by demonstrating the conversion of waste into value-added products, this approach offers a promising pathway for reducing pharmaceutical-related ecotoxicological risks, conserving water resources, and advancing the development of low-cost, and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies.

PMID 42895225
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PubMedJournal of pain research2026-10-19

Mild Moxibustion Alleviates Primary Dysmenorrhea in Rats Through TRPV1-Associated Modulation of NF-κB Signaling and Uterine Oxidative Stress.

Bi Kuo K, Xiao Xiran X, Hou Bingna B, Lu Ruixue R et al.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and analgesic mechanism of mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4) in a primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rat model, focusing on the involvement of TRPV1-NF-κB signaling and uterine oxidative stress. Forty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): blank group (BG), model group (MG), mild moxibustion group (MMG), antagonist capsazepine group (CPZG), and ibuprofen group (IG). PD models were established through cold stimulation combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin injection. The MMG received mild moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV8) and "Guanyuan" (CV4) acupoints. The CPZG was pretreated with capsazepine (CPZ) before moxibustion. The IG received ibuprofen via gavage. After intervention, pain thresholds and writhing scores were measured; uterine pathology was observed via HE staining; ELISA, colorimetric assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting were used to detect relevant biomarkers. Mild moxibustion significantly elevated pain thresholds and reduced writhing scores (vs MG, P<0.01). Capsazepine partially reversed these analgesic effects (vs MMG, P<0.01). Mild moxibustion decreased serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGF2α while increasing PGE2 (vs MG, P<0.01). Mild moxibustion upregulated TRPV1 expression at acupoints (vs MG, P<0.01), whereas capsazepine suppressed TRPV1 expression (vs MMG, P<0.01). Mild moxibustion downregulated uterine NF-κB P-p65 and COX-2 expression (vs MG, P<0.01), while CPZG upregulated these proteins (vs MMG, P<0.01). Furthermore, mild moxibustion upregulated uterine SOD2 expression (vs MG, P<0.05), decreased MDA content, and increased GSH content and SOD activity (vs MG, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Mild moxibustion at CV8 and CV4 alleviates PD in rats through mechanisms involving TRPV1 activation, NF-κB pathway modulation, and improvement of uterine oxidative stress. These findings provide a preclinical basis for further investigation.

PMID 42894644
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