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diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine

✓ Approved

China National Pharmaceutical · Cell-based Therapies · Cell-based Therapies

What is diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine?

diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine is a cell-based therapies developed by China National Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyChina National Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassCell-based Therapies, Vaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Pharmaceutical

Therapeutic Indications

diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsDiphtheria✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPertussis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedOcular immunology and inflammation2026-09-19

Bilateral Maculopathy in an Infant Following Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster (MMRV) Vaccination.

Ben-Avi Ravid R, Amer Radgonde R

To report on the long-term clinical outcome of a healthy infant who presented with posterior uveitis following the administration of the combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Descriptive case report. A 13-month-old infant presented with bilateral visual loss two weeks after receiving the MMRV vaccine. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral retinitis and retinal vasculitis with exudative retinal detachment. Extensive infectious work-up was conducted including serologic exams and PCR testing of blood, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Serological tests for measles yielded positive IgM and IgG titers. PCR testing for measles in the aqueous humor and urine was negative. Neurologic assessment and neuroimaging were unremarkable, excluding central nervous system involvement. Empiric systemic antiviral and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. Gradual resolution of posterior uveitis ensued, culminating in bilateral macular scars. Over a six-year follow-up period, the patient demonstrated stable ocular findings with no evidence of recurrent inflammation or systemic autoimmune disease. Final visual acuity was 6/9 in each eye. This case represents a rare occurrence of non-necrotizing retinitis following MMRV vaccination. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the sequential OCT characteristics of presumed measles vaccine-associated retinitis. The prolonged follow-up period supports the absence of an alternative etiology and provides valuable insight into the long-term course and visual prognosis of vaccine-associated retinopathy.

PMID 42760840
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PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-19

Comprehensive Stability Assessment of Squalene in a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant and the SpiN-Tec Vaccine: HPLC Quantification, Stress Testing, and Stability Studies.

Gomes Isabela Pereira IP, Rivelli Graziella Gomes GG, Bagno Flávia Fonseca FF, Hojo-Souza Natália Satchiko NS et al.

Squalene-based nanoemulsions are widely used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations, but their stability can be affected by environmental factors such as pH, oxidative stress, temperature, and light. We have produced a squalene nanoemulsion (CTVad1) to support the clinical development of new vaccines. This study aimed to develop and validate an HPLC method for squalene quantification in SpiN-Tec, a recombinant protein vaccine against COVID-19. We also aimed to evaluate the stability of the CTVad1 adjuvant and SpiN-Tec under controlled storage conditions. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated, and comprehensive forced degradation studies were performed on the raw material and SpiN-Tec under acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating capability of the method. Physicochemical, morphological, and biological characteristics were assessed, and stability studies of both the vaccine and the CTVad1 adjuvant were performed under accelerated and long-term conditions. The HPLC method was selective, precise, accurate, linear, and robust. Squalene raw material degraded under all tested conditions, whereas formulation in nano-sized globules improved its stability, with degradation observed only under hydrogen peroxide and light exposure. CTVad1 remained stable over time, exhibiting only minor, non-critical changes within the specification limits in both accelerated and long-term stability studies, regardless of the glass packaging used (clear or amber). In addition, the SpiN-Tec vaccine maintained its physicochemical and biological integrity under all tested conditions, with all evaluated parameters remaining within the established specification ranges. Our findings demonstrate that proper formulation, packaging, and storage conditions can preserve squalene stability in nanoemulsion-based vaccines, ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of the SpiN-Tec vaccine and its adjuvant throughout shelf life.

PMID 42760453
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PubMedMedScience2026-09-19

Neoantigen cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors: opportunities and challenges.

Zhao Zixuan Z, Du Xinyu X, Gao Xiaoliang X, Zhao Sheng S et al.

Gastrointestinal tumors are characterized by high global incidence and mortality rates. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved breakthroughs in some of these cancers, their overall response rate remains low. Neoantigen cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising new strategy for immunotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors due to their high specificity and strong immunogenicity. These vaccines effectively activate specific T-cell immunity and can produce synergistic effects when combined with ICIs. Various vaccine platforms offer distinct advantages, and clinical trials have shown encouraging potential in inducing immune responses and extending progression-free survival. Meanwhile, current challenges and future directions cannot be ignored. Key challenges primarily involve the accuracy of neoantigen prediction, tumor heterogeneity, and optimal treatment timing. Future directions include artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted multi-omics screening, the development of universal vaccines, optimization of novel delivery systems, and multimodal combination strategies. These advances are expected to promote the application of neoantigen cancer vaccines in postoperative recurrence prevention and early-stage treatment, ultimately moving toward personalized precision immunotherapy. This article systematically reviews the clinical progress and prospects of neoantigen cancer vaccines in treating gastrointestinal tumors, aiming to provide insights for immunotherapy in this field and offer new perspectives for further optimization of such vaccines.

PMID 42760419
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-09-19

A combined tumor burden-based nomogram for synchronous esophageal and gastric cancers: development and external validation.

Xie Meng M, Wang Jing J, Jia Ziyu Z, Ji Ke K et al.

Synchronous dual-primary esophageal and gastric cancers (SEGC) are rare upper gastrointestinal malignancies presenting substantial challenges for prognostic assessment and individualized clinical evaluation. Conventional single-organ staging systems inadequately capture the cumulative tumor burden of synchronous cancers, limiting accurate prognostic assessment when tumors with different extents coexist. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a prognostic nomogram incorporating a Combined EG_Stage framework for exploratory risk stratification and post-treatment prognostic counseling in actively treated SEGC patients. A retrospective development cohort was assembled from a high-volume tertiary cancer center over 10 years (n = 46), with overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint. A simplified Combined EG_Stage framework was developed to characterize cumulative anatomical tumor extent. Candidate prognostic predictors included age, treatment modality, and Combined EG_Stage. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to construct the nomogram. External validation used an independent cohort identified from 6,896 patients with multiple primary malignancies in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, yielding 88 eligible patients. Model performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration, risk stratification, and decision curve analysis. The final nomogram incorporated age, treatment modality, and Combined EG_Stage. Internal validation demonstrated satisfactory calibration across 1-, 3-, and 5-year horizons. In the external cohort, the model achieved a C-index of 0.681, with time-dependent AUC values of 0.616, 0.674, and 0.640 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. Risk stratification significantly differentiated survival outcomes (median OS: 41 vs. 22 months; P = 0.022). Decision curve analysis suggested limited and exploratory net benefit across selected threshold probabilities, which should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. This study developed and externally evaluated a clinically interpretable but modestly discriminative prognostic nomogram for actively treated SEGC patients. By integrating age, treatment modality as a real-world prognostic indicator, and combined anatomical tumor burden, the model may support exploratory risk stratification in this rare malignancy. Given the limited sample size and only modest discriminative performance, the model should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than definitive, and further multicenter validation is required to assess its robustness and generalizability.

PMID 42760966
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PubMedFrontiers in pediatrics2026-09-19

Herbal hot compress combined with bianstone warm ironing improves anxiety and cognitive impairment via gut-brain-HPA axis in pubertal mesenteric lymphadenitis rats.

An Lei L, Li Zhanyong Z, Zhang Chundan C, Tan Wei W et al.

Pediatric mesenteric lymphadenitis (ML) is characterized by persistent intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier damage and excessive oxidative stress, which can disturb the gut-brain axis, overactivate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and induce anxiety and cognitive disorders in children. Herbal hot compress (HC) and bianstone warm ironing (BS) are clinically used to relieve related symptoms, yet their mechanism linking intestinal oxidative stress and gut barrier function remains insufficiently clarified. This study aimed to investigate combined HC and BS effects on intestinal oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD), intestinal barrier markers (DAO, D-lactic acid, LPS), gut-brain-HPA axis function, hippocampal cAMP, neurotransmitter levels, and synaptic plasticity in pubertal ML rats, and verify the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Briefly, pubertal rats were randomly divided into six groups. ML was induced by repeated LPS injection (2 mg/kg) once every 3 days for 5 consecutive cycles. After 14 days of intervention, EPM, OFT, and NOR tests evaluated anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function, while in vivo hippocampal LTP recordings at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway assessed synaptic plasticity, including I/O curves and PPR. Serum samples were collected to detect oxidative stress, intestinal barrier parameters, inflammatory cytokines and HPA hormones; hippocampal neurotransmitters and cAMP were measured via ELISA. Model rats exhibited intestinal oxidative injury, barrier dysfunction, gut inflammation, HPA hyperactivity, neurotransmitter imbalance, impaired synaptic plasticity, and obvious anxiety and cognitive deficits. No intergroup differences in I/O curves and PPR were observed across six groups. BS or HC monotherapy partially ameliorated these abnormalities, and HC exerted stronger effects on improving intestinal oxidative stress and gut barrier integrity. Combined HC + BS achieved superior outcomes to single treatments in restoring intestinal redox balance, protecting intestinal barrier and alleviating gut-brain-HPA axis dysfunction. Pretreatment with a PKA antagonist largely abolished these protective effects. In conclusion, herbal hot compress combined with bianstone warm ironing alleviates anxiety and cognitive impairment in pubertal ML rats by inhibiting intestinal oxidative injury, repairing barrier damage, suppressing inflammation, normalizing HPA axis, restoring neurotransmitter homeostasis and improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity, partially mediated by the cAMP/PKA pathway.

PMID 42761053
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PubMedMedicine2026-09-19

Coinfection of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in the lung: A case report.

He Ming-Hong MH, Chen Xiang-Lei XL, Feng Bao-Tong BT

Coinfection with Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompromised patients carries high mortality. More importantly, paradoxical clinical and radiological responses during treatment remain poorly understood. A 66-year-old male with mantle cell lymphoma who had received prolonged corticosteroid therapy after suspected rituximab-associated lung injury presented with progressive pulmonary symptoms. Concurrent pulmonary infection with P jirovecii and A fumigatus was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage combined with metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and voriconazole. Clinical symptoms improved markedly; however, chest imaging showed paradoxical progression, possibly reflecting an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-like inflammatory response. bronchoalveolar lavage combined with metagenomic next-generation sequencing enables rapid diagnosis of concurrent opportunistic pulmonary infections. Paradoxical radiographic worsening despite clinical improvement may suggest an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-like inflammatory response, although persistent or progressive infection cannot be excluded.

PMID 42760695
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