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diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine

✓ Approved

China National Pharmaceutical · Cell-based Therapies · Cell-based Therapies

What is diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine?

diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine is a cell-based therapies developed by China National Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyChina National Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassCell-based Therapies, Vaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Pharmaceutical

Therapeutic Indications

diphtheria+tetanus+pertussis combined vaccine is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsDiphtheria✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPertussis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedTropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines2026-09-16

Travel vaccination in senior travelers: current evidence, challenges, and prevention.

Rossanese Andrea A, Tomasi Alberto A

The substantial number of older adults undertaking international travel has increased the relevance of pre-travel prevention in this population. However, vaccination strategies in this group require consideration of immune aging, baseline status, medication use, and travel-related exposure. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on vaccination in senior travelers, with particular attention to the vaccines most relevant to this population, the differences in the strength of evidence across vaccines, and the clinical factors that should guide pre-travel decision-making. Routine vaccines, including influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes zoster, and tetanus-diphtheria vaccines, constitute an essential part of pre-travel assessment, whereas travel-specific vaccines, such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and cholera, should be considered according to the destination, itinerary, expected exposure, and time before departure. Yellow fever vaccination represents a particular clinical challenge because advancing age is associated with a greater risk of serious vaccine-associated adverse events, making individualized risk‒benefit assessment essential. Recently introduced dengue and chikungunya vaccines should also be considered on an individualized basis, taking into account exposure risk, potential benefits, comorbidities, and the current limitations of the available evidence. The review also highlights the importance of integrating vaccination with non-vaccine preventive strategies, including food and water precautions, vector avoidance, and hygiene measures. Although the evidence base has expanded, important uncertainties remain, particularly because age-specific data are limited and frail older adults remain underrepresented in clinical studies. Overall, pre-travel care for senior travelers should be comprehensive, exposure-based, and individualized according to the clinical profile and travel characteristics of each traveler.

PMID 42745337
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PubMedEuropean journal of immunology2026-09-16

Loss of Neutrophils and SLPI Reshapes Early Mucosal Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Vaccination.

Osiecka Oktawia O, Tyshchenko Mariia M, Sinkevich Ivan I, Pocałuń Natalia N et al.

Vaccines delivered via the nasal route have attracted increasing attention for their capacity to engage the mucosal immune system at the primary site of pathogen entry. However, the early innate mechanisms that shape local immune responses following nasal immunisation remain poorly defined. Here, we identified previously uncharacterised tissue-derived mediators induced during vaccination. Using an intranasally administered whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine that recapitulates key features of Bordetella pertussis infection and elicits long-lasting immunity, we show that nasal delivery triggers neutrophil recruitment along with a marked upregulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Employing SLPI- and neutrophil-deficient mouse models, we demonstrate that SLPI and neutrophils influence the production of key mediators associated with coagulation (PAI-1) and tissue remodelling (MMP-3 and MMP-9) within the airway. Notably, neutrophils also modulate early local total IgA release. Together, these findings suggest a coordinated and context-dependent interplay between cellular and soluble innate components that shape early mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, identified mediators may represent candidate biomarkers in the development of intranasal vaccines against B. pertussis and other pathogens.

PMID 42745636
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PubMedCell press blue2026-09-16

Pre-vaccine sentinel antibodies predict blunted vaccine responses.

Song Lusheng L, Park Jin G JG, Qiu Ji J, Murugan Vel V et al.

Predicting which individuals will mount poor antibody responses before vaccination could improve personalized vaccination strategies. Here, we conducted a national longitudinal study of humoral immune responses to 185 antigens, including SARS-CoV-2 (n = 3), common microbial pathogens (n = 157), and autoantigens (n = 25), in 1,644 immunosuppressed patients and 2,445 healthy individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Although blunted COVID-19 vaccine responses were more frequent in solid organ transplant recipients and individuals with multiple myeloma, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and human immunodeficiency virus, responses were highly heterogeneous within every cohort, and approximately 5-6% of healthy individuals also mounted weak responses. Pre-existing antibodies to common microbes, including Staphylococcus aureus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human respirovirus 3, consistently predicted post-vaccination antibody responses in both healthy and immunosuppressed populations. These broadly prevalent antimicrobial antibodies represent sentinel antibodies that may serve as biomarkers of system-level humoral immune competence. Using global antimicrobial antibody profiles, we developed a deep-learning predictive model that stratified individuals according to their likelihood of mounting blunted vaccine responses. Together, these findings identify pre-existing antimicrobial antibody profiles as scalable biomarkers of humoral immune responsiveness and provide a framework for predicting vaccine responses before immunization.

PMID 42746633
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PubMedBiology methods & protocols2026-09-16

Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics identify multi-epitope vaccine candidates against molluscum contagiosum virus.

Khalaf Shahrazad A SA, Jasim Musaab M MM, Jasim Younus Y, Naser Murtada M

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a human-specific poxvirus responsible for a common contagious skin infection, yet no licensed prophylactic vaccine is available. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential vaccine candidates against MCV using integrated reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approach. Candidate proteins involved in immune evasion, viral entry, and virion assembly were assessed for physicochemical properties, transmembrane topology, antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Linear B-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), and helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted and prioritized based on antigenicity, safety, HLA-binding affinity, and worldwide population coverage. The selected epitopes were assembled into a multi-epitope vaccine construct, followed by physicochemical characterization, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, and molecular docking analysis with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Eight candidate proteins were selected for immunoinformatics analysis, of which six were predicted to be antigenic. Five HTL epitopes, five CTL epitopes, and three non-toxic antigenic B-cell epitopes were selected, providing an estimated worldwide population coverage of 80.69%. The final 351-amino acid construct had a predicted molecular weight of 37.48 kDa, an instability index of 33.29, and a hydrophilic GRAVY value of -0.201. AlphaFold 3 produced a structurally organized model, while docking predicted a favorable interaction with TLR4 (score, -190.46) supported by hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and electrostatic interactions. The vaccine construct exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, broad population coverage, structural stability, and strong interaction with TLR4, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic vaccine candidate. Nevertheless, further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation is required to confirm its safety and protective efficacy.

PMID 42746578
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PubMedJournal of clinical microbiology2026-09-16

Advanced molecular poliovirus diagnostics across multiple real-time PCR platforms with locked nucleic acids and primer overhangs.

Gerloff Nancy N, Sun Hong H, Short Brandon B, Harvey Eric E et al.

This study details the development and validation of five real-time RT-PCR assays for the intratypic differentiation (ITD) of polioviruses and the discrimination of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) utilizing locked nucleic acid (LNA) technology and primer overhangs. Updated assays, including wild-type 1/Qβ duplex (WPV1), VDPVs 1 and 3, wild-type 3, and novel oral poliovirus type 2 (nOPV2), were designed in response to challenges posed by genetic diversity and detection gaps in existing protocols following outbreaks, and the introduction of a new vaccine replacing the Sabin 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The CDC's Polio and Picornavirus Branch led assay development, supporting global surveillance efforts with kits tailored for use across multiple real-time PCR platforms. Comprehensive virus collections representing all three poliovirus serotypes, nonpolio enteroviruses, and vaccine seed strains were used in the validation. Assay performance was assessed through piloting in poliovirus reference laboratories across outbreak regions, including Central Asia and Africa. Combining primers with AT-rich overhangs enhanced fluorescence, improving interpretation of weak signals for VDPV1 and WPV1 assays, and boosting analytical sensitivity for the VDPV3 assay by 10-fold to 100-fold (100%). The new assays enabled reliable detection of extinct WPV3 (100% sensitivity and 96.97% specificity), the circulating genotype WPV1 (100% sensitivity and 98.72% specificity), and discrimination of Sabin 1 and 3 from vaccine-derived strains, and the discrimination of nOPV2 from Sabin 2 (100% specificity) from surveillance samples. These advancements mark a significant milestone in molecular diagnostics for poliovirus eradication, supporting surveillance and response efforts worldwide, with remaining pockets of circulating VDPVs and wild-type 1 viruses. Recent poliovirus detections from wastewater in non-endemic regions sparked renewed interest in the agent. Limited access to extinct polioviruses for validation studies hinders diagnostic laboratories from designing and validating real-time RT-PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection in wastewater or stools. There are currently no commercial tests that can detect and type all poliovirus serotypes that have been assessed with recent endemic or seed viruses used by vaccine manufacturers, making the intratypic differentiation unique. This work describes the redesign and validation of the five RT-PCR assays with various poliovirus strains such as vaccine seed strains, outbreak strains, and eradicated viruses. Locked nucleic acids and primer overhangs were applied to the primer and probe design, resulting in advanced laboratory capability to detect contemporary poliovirus strains, strengthening surveillance in support of the global poliovirus eradication activities.

PMID 42747277
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PubMedIJTLD open2026-09-16

Inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in TB treatment and vaccine trials.

Meehan S-A SA, Hesseling A C AC, Viljoen L L, Cranmer L M LM et al.

Historically, pregnant and lactating women (PLW) have been excluded from clinical trials for TB, thereby denying them access to novel treatment and prevention regimens. We aimed to develop an inventory of TB therapeutic and vaccine trials and determine the barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of PLW in TB clinical trials. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted: a review of recent, current, and planned trials' inclusion and exclusion practices, and in-depth interviews with trialists and sponsors. Of 40 TB therapeutic trials, 7/40 (18%) included PLW; 3/40 (8%) excluded PLW at enrolment but allowed women to remain on study treatment if they became pregnant. None of 12 vaccine trials included PLW but 6/12 (50%) included PLW in safety and/or immunogenicity assessments during study follow-up. Eighteen participants completed in-depth interviews. We identified four broad themes: shifting the narrative, differentiated risks, perceived concerns of PLW, and strategies for inclusion. With limited inclusion of PLW in TB therapeutic trials and no inclusion in vaccine trials at the time of enrolment, there was consensus that clear guidance is required for trialists, funders, and sponsors on strategies for inclusion of PLW, thus ensuring equitable access to novel TB prevention and treatment regimens.

PMID 42746611
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