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paclitaxel (PNP, Dabur / DO/NDR/02 / PNP, Dabur)

✓ Approved

Fresenius Kabi · TUBB · Small Molecule

What is paclitaxel?

paclitaxel is a small molecule developed by Fresenius Kabi. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPNP, Dabur, DO/NDR/02, PNP, Dabur
CompanyFresenius Kabi
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetTUBB
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Fresenius Kabi

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

paclitaxel acts on 1 molecular target:

TUBBtubulin beta class I (TUBB1, CSCSC1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

paclitaxel is developed for 4 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Breast cancer✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Non-small cell lung cancer stage IV✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Ovarian cancer✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Non-small cell lung cancer metastatic✓ Approved

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Induction toripalimab plus chemotherapy sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nimotuzumab followed by toripalimab maintenance in stage IVB hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 study.

Geng Zeyang Z, Chen Nanxiang N, Wei Jian J, Liu Kun K et al.

Optimal induction chemoimmunotherapy sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains undefined. This study aimed to evaluate toripalimab plus chemotherapy sequential cCRT with nimotuzumab, followed by toripalimab maintenance in unresectable stage IVB HSCC. In this single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study, untreated patients received two 21-day cycles of induction toripalimab 240 mg (d1) plus nab-paclitaxel 230 mg/m2 (d1) and cisplatin/nedaplatin 40 mg/m2 (d1-2) sequential cCRT (helical tomotherapy; nab-paclitaxel 230 mg/m2 (d1, 22, 43)) with nimotuzumab 200 mg weekly for 7 weeks. Subsequently, toripalimab maintenance was administered for eight cycles. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). From March 16, 2022 to April 24, 2024, 31 patients completed induction chemoimmunotherapy. With a median follow-up of 31 months, median PFS and overall survival (OS) were not reached; 2-year PFS and OS rates were 67.7% and 86.4%. The 2-year larynx preservation rate was 93.3%. 30 (96.8%) patients achieved the best objective response, with 28 (90.3%) complete responses and 2 (6.5%) partial responses. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis and decreased appetite (each 46.9%). No grade 5 and fatal TRAEs occurred. No difficulties in speech and swallowing functions were reported in 96.8% of patients. There was no significant association between PFS and PD-L1 combined positive score, epidermal growth factor receptor expression, tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes, tumor mutational burden, or genetic alterations. High baseline peripheral CD3+ and CD8+CD28+ T-cell levels were associated with favorable PFS. Exploratory biomarker analyses identified that patients without disease progression after maintenance exhibited significantly higher levels of CD8+CD28⁻ T cells with a memory phenotype and lower B-cell levels. This exploratory study demonstrated preliminary efficacy and larynx preservation with manageable toxicity, possibly supporting further evaluation of induction toripalimab plus chemotherapy sequential cCRT with nimotuzumab, followed by toripalimab maintenance in stage IVB HSCC. Peripheral lymphocytes may warrant further investigation as candidate biomarkers in locally advanced disease. NCT05860335; ChiCTR2300074672.

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Insights into neuropathic pain: From disease models to therapeutic interventions.

Nasir Abdul A, Khan Tamreez T, Anam Anam A, Asad Muhammad M et al.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating clinical condition arising from lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system, affecting an estimated 3-17% of the global population and imposing a substantial burden on quality of life. Despite advances in understanding peripheral and central sensitization, neuroinflammation, and neuroimmune interactions, effective translation of preclinical findings into clinical therapies remains inadequate. This review offers a comprehensive and critical overview of NP pathophysiology, outlining the regulatory roles of key pain mediators and systematically assessing mainstream preclinical NP models, including nerve injury-based models (chronic constriction injury, spinal nerve ligation, spared nerve injury), drug-induced neuropathy models (oxaliplatin-, paclitaxel- and streptozotocin-induced neuropathy), and disease-related neuropathy models linked to diabetes and brachial plexus damage. Additionally, it discusses both conventional and emerging therapeutic strategies for NP management, covering pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, alongside advanced neuromodulation techniques such as spinal cord stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation. This review emphasises the need for more clinically representative model systems, robust biomarker development, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centred therapeutic strategies to bridge the translational gap and improve outcomes for patients with NP.

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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-07-25

Multimodal salvage therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer recurrence after failed post-ESD surveillance: a case report.

Cheng Mengzhi M, Bian Henghui H, Cai Xuhua X, Zhang Jianbin J

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard curative treatment for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its long-term success critically depends on rigorous postoperative surveillance to detect recurrence at a curable stage. We report a 66-year-old man who underwent ESD that met the expanded criteria for early ESCC (pT1a-MM with negative margins and no lymphovascular invasion) but was subsequently lost to follow-up. He represented 17 months later with dysphagia and was diagnosed with locally advanced recurrence (cT3N2M0). Following multidisciplinary team assessment, he received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (albumin-bound paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camrelizumab), achieving marked regression of both the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. He then underwent radical transthoracic esophagectomy, with final pathology confirming ypT2N0M0 disease. After two cycles of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, he entered intensive surveillance and remained disease-free at the last follow-up in September 2025. This case delivers two essential lessons: loss to follow-up after curative ESD precludes early detection of recurrence, potentially resulting in rapid progression to life-threatening disease; yet even in this setting, a timely multimodal salvage strategy can still offer the possibility of long-term survival.

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Fast-scan voltammetry with an ultramicroelectrode for single-cell monitoring of DNA damage: Drug evaluation and chiral nanomaterial toxicity assessment.

Zhou Huiqian H, Guo Yuxin Y, Long Lifen L, Wang Shuihua S et al.

DNA integrity is essential for cellular function and chemotherapy response, but real-time, single-cell monitoring of DNA damage has been difficult to achieve. In this study, we constructed an electrochemical biosensor using a DNA-modified platinum nanoelectrode (PtNE/DNA) combined with fast-scan voltammetry (FSV) at 30 kV s-1 for dynamic detection of DNA damage in a single living cell. The sensing platform utilizes a ferrocene-labeled hairpin DNA probe that specifically recognizes structural damage, while the high temporal resolution and strong anti-interference capability are provided by the FSV technology. We successfully monitored real-time DNA damage in a single HeLa cell treated with chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), and paclitaxel (PTX). Distinct kinetic profiles were observed: DOX elicited the most rapid and severe damage, CDDP induced intermediate progression, and PTX resulted in delayed and attenuated effects. Furthermore, we revealed enantioselective cytotoxicity of chiral carbon dots (D-CDs and L-CDs), with L-CDs showing significantly higher toxicity. These results demonstrate the utility of our approach in assessing drug sensitivity and nanomaterial biocompatibility at the single-cell level, providing a valuable tool for advancing precision medicine and toxicological research.

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PubMedOncology research2026-07-25

Stable Disease Achieved with Sequential Immunochemotherapy and Anti-Angiogenic TKI in Recurrent Metastatic Hidradenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Wen Shidi S, Wang Lu L, Jiang Ying Y, Zhang Zhiyang Z et al.

Background: Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. This report describes the clinical course and treatment response of a patient with recurrent metastatic hidradenocarcinoma treated with sequential immunochemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, with the aim of providing further insight into potential treatment strategies for this rare malignancy. Case Description: A 60-year-old male initially presented in 2020 with scrotal erythema and was diagnosed with hidradenocarcinoma after surgery. Despite surgical treatment, he developed recurrent disease with diffuse metastases. First-line chemoimmunotherapy (sintilimab, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil; six cycles) achieved a progression-free survival (PFS) of 6 months. Following disease progression, second-line therapy (toripalimab, nab-paclitaxel, anlotinib; eight cycles) was administered, resulting in sustained stable disease with a subsequent PFS of 8 months. Radiotherapy was used for brain metastases. The total follow-up duration exceeded 4 years until the patient was lost to follow-up in December 2024. Conclusions: This case suggests that sequential programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade-based immunochemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy may provide clinically meaningful disease control in metastatic hidradenocarcinoma, even in the setting of low programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and microsatellite stability. Our findings support a potential role for immunotherapy in sweat gland carcinomas and highlight the importance of individualized multimodal treatment strategies for this rare malignancy. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and establish optimal therapeutic approaches.

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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-24

Integrative analysis of FAERS, network toxicology, and Mendelian randomization identifies potential targets in paclitaxel-associated systemic sclerosis.

Wang Xinfeng X, Zhang Chengyan C

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and complex autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs as well as vascular abnormalities. Studies have suggested that paclitaxel may induce adverse reactions resembling systemic sclerosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. We retrieved reports of paclitaxel-associated SSc from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Potential shared targets between paclitaxel and SSc were identified through network toxicology analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) was then used to explore associations between these targets and SSc susceptibility. Disproportionality analyses demonstrated significant safety signals linking paclitaxel with SSc, scleroderma, and scleroderma-like reactions. A total of 76 overlapping targets were identified between paclitaxel and SSc. Based on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) from the IEU OpenGWAS database, MR analysis suggested 11 targets potentially associated with SSc susceptibility. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were involved in oxidative stress response, regulation of cell death, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis. Among them, AKT1 and BCL2 were highlighted as central nodes in the protein-protein interaction network, representing candidate targets for further investigation. Molecular docking simulations provided exploratory computational evidence of potential interactions, which do not confirm functional or mechanistic roles. Overall, this study systematically explored potential molecular targets related to paclitaxel-associated SSc and provides hypothesis-generating insights that may guide future mechanistic studies and risk assessment strategies.

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