Drug Database
ME

metronidazole (Elyzol / Pernyzol / Elyzol Dental Gel)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is metronidazole?

metronidazole is a small molecule developed by Pfizer, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesElyzol, Pernyzol, Elyzol Dental Gel
CompanyPfizer, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

metronidazole is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsPeriodontitis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-09-20

Management of a Complicated Crown-Root Fracture by Surgical Extrusion: A Two-Year Follow-Up.

Thangaraju Subananthini S, G Vinaykumar V, Swamy Sibi S, Subramaniam Ramachandran Vinoo V

Complicated crown-root fractures (CRFs) in the anterior region demonstrate significant restorative and esthetic challenges, particularly when the fracture extends subgingivally. Surgical extrusion is a conservative treatment option that repositions the tooth coronally, facilitating restoration while preserving periodontal health. This case report describes the management of a complicated CRF using a minimally traumatic surgical extrusion technique followed by endodontic and restorative rehabilitation. The two-year follow-up demonstrates favorable periodontal healing, tooth stability, and successful restoration of esthetics and function. This case highlights surgical extrusion as a predictable and minimally invasive alternative for preserving compromised anterior teeth in appropriately selected cases.

PMID 42763588
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PubMedOdontology2026-09-20

Exosome-mediated modulation of osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions: a systematic review of in vitro studies on human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Machado Alan Alves AA, Back Lara Steiner LS, de Souza Melo Gilberto G, Gruber Reinhard R et al.

Exosomes have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutic agents for tissue regeneration. However, chronic inflammation, a hallmark of periodontal disease, may impair their osteogenic potential. This systematic review evaluated how inflammatory conditions influence the ability of exosomes to modulate osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC) in vitro. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched up to February 2026, and study selection followed a two-phase screening process. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Dental Preclinical Research Tool (RobDMAT), while certainty of evidence was evaluated using adapted GRADE criteria. Primary outcomes included alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix mineralization. Due to substantial heterogeneity across studies, a meta-analysis was not performed, and findings were synthesized qualitatively using fold-change comparisons. Six studies were included. Exosome-based interventions consistently enhanced osteogenic outcomes under inflammatory conditions, although with variable magnitude. Extracellular matrix mineralization showed robust increases (> 4-fold) in two studies (10.67- and 4.38-fold), moderate enhancement in one study (3.06-fold), and weak increases (< 2-fold) in three studies (1.95-, 1.60-, and 1.41-fold). ALP activity demonstrated predominantly moderate (3.04-, 3.30-, and 3.83-fold) to robust enhancement (5.50- and 6.75-fold). Limited evidence also suggested a reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators, although this outcome remains insufficiently explored. Exosomes appear to partially overcome the inhibitory effects of inflammation on osteogenesis in hPDLSC, supporting their potential as modulators of regenerative responses in inflammatory microenvironments. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies and methodological heterogeneity restrict the strength of current evidence.

PMID 42763369
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PubMedCureus2026-09-20

Management of Altered Passive Eruption With Gingivoplasty and Osteoplasty Prior to Esthetic Veneer Rehabilitation.

Portillo Avila Keily J KJ, Dumont Mercedes M, Vivas M Susana E SE, Martinez Daniela D et al.

Altered passive eruption is a common esthetic condition characterized by excessive gingival coverage of the anatomical crowns, resulting in short clinical crowns, excessive gingival display, and compromised smile esthetics. This case report describes the management of altered passive eruption in a 27-year-old male patient who presented with hypersensitivity affecting several maxillary anterior teeth, excessive gingival display, and dissatisfaction with the appearance of his smile. The patient reported that these conditions negatively affected his self-confidence in both social and professional settings. Clinical examination revealed short clinical crowns and unfavorable tooth proportions associated with excessive gingival tissue coverage. A treatment plan consisting of surgical smile design with gingivoplasty and osteoplasty was developed to establish appropriate gingival architecture and supracrestal tissue attachment prior to restorative treatment. Following flap elevation and osseous recontouring, favorable healing, improved gingival symmetry, and increased clinical crown length were achieved. After soft tissue maturation, esthetic veneer rehabilitation was completed to optimize tooth proportions and smile harmony. The combination of periodontal surgery and restorative treatment resulted in improved gingival contours and smile esthetics, while the patient reported resolution of the previously reported dental hypersensitivity and satisfaction with the treatment outcome. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of altered passive eruption and illustrates how coordinated periodontal and restorative treatment can contribute to favorable short-term esthetic and clinical outcomes.

PMID 42763688
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PubMedBMC oral health2026-09-20

Improbable healing in endodontics: a case series of favorable outcomes despite adverse prognostic conditions.

Machado Ricardo R

Endodontic prognosis is based on clinical and radiographic factors that estimate the likelihood of treatment success. Because periapical healing reflects complex interactions among microbial, host, anatomical, and treatment-related factors, individual outcomes may occasionally differ from conventional prognostic expectations. This paper aimed to describe and critically analyze favorable outcomes in teeth presenting conditions traditionally associated with reduced probabilities of treatment success. Three clinical cases were described in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Case Reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines. The cases presented adverse prognostic conditions, including substantial root resorption, inability to achieve apical patency or complete canal instrumentation, overextension of root filling material, absence of a definitive coronal restoration, and lack of recommended periodontal treatment. Despite these conditions, the teeth remained functional and asymptomatic and demonstrated favorable radiographic outcomes during longitudinal follow-up. These cases illustrate that unfavorable prognostic conditions do not invariably result in treatment failure. The reported outcomes neither diminish the importance of established prognostic factors nor validate the treatment limitations encountered. Rather, they emphasize that prognosis is probabilistic and that unusual favorable outcomes should be interpreted cautiously as individual observations.

PMID 42763395
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PubMedCureus2026-09-20

GLT6D1 rs1537415 G Allele and Advanced Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis.

Karaoulas Theofanis A TA, Xirouchakis Christoforos C, Neophytou Chariklia C, Fragkioudakis Ioannis I

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of the GLT6D1 rs1537415 G allele with susceptibility to periodontitis stage III/IV, grade B or C. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, three eligible studies were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data from 2,185 participants (668 cases and 1,517 controls) were analyzed using random-effects models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi² and I² statistics. Formal testing for publication bias was precluded by the small number of studies (n = 3). The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between the rs1537415 G allele and severe periodontitis, with a pooled OR of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.28-1.95). Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations in European and Sudanese populations, whereas no significant association was observed in the Brazilian cohort. Sensitivity analysis excluding the largest Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) attenuated the association to a non-significant level (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.87 to 2.16), indicating that a single study largely drove the overall effect; the pooled estimate should therefore be interpreted with caution. The GLT6D1 rs1537415 G allele may represent a genetic risk factor for severe periodontal diseases, particularly stage III/IV and grade B/C, suggesting a possible role in immune modulation. Further research involving larger, multi-ethnic cohorts is crucial to validate these associations and explore gene-environment interactions.

PMID 42763709
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PubMedOdontology2026-09-20

LL-37-based oral antimicrobial therapeutics: translational challenges and future directions-a narrative review.

J Muruganandhan M, Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya VP, Govindarajan Sujatha S

LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide involved in antimicrobial defence, inflammatory regulation, tissue repair, and bone regeneration in the oral cavity. Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid LL-37 levels are associated with disease activity and treatment responses. Although there is solid mechanistic and preclinical data on LL-37, research on clinical applications of this remarkable peptide seem to be stalled due to a multitude of factors. The use of LL-37 in clinical practice is affected by proteolytic degradation, cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, microbial tolerance, biofilm protection, rapid salivary clearance, and high production costs. Our review provides a comprehensive update emphasizing the key gaps in LL-37 research and the translational challenges faced by researchers. We also suggest a three-pronged roadmap to future approaches comprising (i) rational peptide engineering and smart nanocarrier-based delivery, (ii) host-directed induction of endogenous LL-37 via vitamin D and short-chain fatty acid pathways, and (iii) standardisation of salivary/gingival crevicular fluid LL-37 as a non-invasive biomarker, aimed at developing LL-37 as a viable diagnostic and therapeutic agent in periodontal disease, dental caries, endodontic infections, oral mucosal disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Peptide derivatives, nanocarrier-based delivery systems, combination therapy, and vitamin D-mediated induction are being studied to improve its stability and therapeutic activity. LL-37 may have strong applications in oral diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases, if the safety, efficacy, and delivery methods are effectively enhanced.

PMID 42763374
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