metronidazole (Elyzol / Pernyzol / Elyzol Dental Gel)

Periodontal Disease and Edentulism Trends in Older Women of China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 1990 to 2033.

Zhang Yilin Y, Dai Xiaowei X, Tang Yuan Y, Li Jing J et al.

To assess trends, co-occurrence patterns, and future projections of periodontal disease and edentulism burden among women aged ≥60 years in China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries from 1990 to 2033. Using Global Burden of Disease 2023 data, we analysed age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for both conditions in China and 10 ASEAN countries. Quartile-based co-occurrence classification, frontier analysis against the Sociodemographic Index, and ARIMA models (2024-2033) were applied. In 2023, periodontal disease DALY rates were highest in Thailand (183.93 per 100,000) and Indonesia (183.77); edentulism rates peaked in the Philippines (948.96) and Malaysia (811.45). From 1990 to 2023, edentulism declined across most countries (ASEAN aggregate: 709.39-641.96), while periodontal disease increased in Indonesia and Thailand. Frontier analysis showed edentulism burden plateaus at higher Sociodemographic Index levels. ARIMA projections indicate continued edentulism decline through 2033 (ASEAN: 636-586) but rising periodontal disease burden in China and Indonesia. The burden is shifting from tooth loss to chronic periodontal inflammation among aging women in China and ASEAN. Country-specific strategies prioritizing periodontal screening and integrated oral primary care are needed. These findings inform targeted oral health policies for older women, emphasizing the need to shift from tooth preservation alone to active periodontal management. Specifically, countries with rising periodontal burden should prioritize screening and non‑surgical therapy, while those with persistent high edentulism need expanded restorative and preventive coverage-particularly in rapidly developing regions where tooth retention is increasing but maintenance lags behind.

Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and Serum of Dogs With Gingivitis and Periodontitis.

Turgut Doğu D, Kurtdede Efe E

Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral disorders in dogs and is characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. This study aimed to compare local and systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with gingivitis and periodontitis and to evaluate neopterin as a potential biomarker of periodontal inflammation. A total of 52 dogs were included, comprising 26 dogs with gingivitis and 26 dogs with periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum samples were collected. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), caveolin-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, neopterin, and selected hematological variables were measured. Biomarker concentrations and correlations between serum and GCF were evaluated. Dogs with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher serum TOS, TAS, and IL-6 concentrations than dogs with gingivitis (p  < 0.001). In contrast, serum and GCF concentrations of IL-1β, MCP-1, caveolin-1, and neopterin were significantly higher in dogs with gingivitis (p  < 0.001). Neutrophil and monocyte counts were also higher in the gingivitis group. Significant correlations were identified between serum and GCF biomarker concentrations. Periodontal disease in dogs was associated with distinct stage-dependent inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles. Gingivitis was characterized by increased levels of several inflammatory mediators, whereas periodontitis was associated with increased oxidative stress and IL-6 concentrations. These findings suggest that local and systemic biomarker responses vary according to periodontal disease stage and warrant further investigation of GCF biomarkers for monitoring periodontal inflammation.

Clarifying treatment attribution and lesion-level signals in periodontal multi-omics for diabetes.

Sun Man M, Zang Dan D, Chen Jun J

MicroRNAs in periodontal disease: from pathogenic mechanisms and RANKL/OPG regulation to nanoparticle delivery and personalized medicine.

Yang Peiru P, Li Zhulin Z, Li Sisi S, Wu Bochao B et al.

Dysregulated host-microbe interactions are a hallmark of periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition that causes progressive alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become important epigenetic regulators, offering new ways to understand disease pathophysiology and to provide tailored treatments. The current analysis uniquely synthesizes pathogen-specific miRNA signatures, modulation of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL)/Osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) osteogenesis, and enhanced delivery platforms into a coherent precision medicine framework, in contrast to other studies that examined these areas independently. We investigate the role of miRNAs in PD, assess their potential as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, and review novel therapeutic approaches targeting these molecules. Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal infections cause aberrant miRNA expression that accelerates bone loss by impairing the development of PDLSCs, disrupting the RANKL/OPG axis, and sustaining pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α). Based on replication across many independent investigations, three of the many identified miRNAs-miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223-show the most promise for diagnosis and treatment. These miRNAs, found in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, serve as reliable non-invasive indicators. Preclinical studies show that anti-miR inhibitors and miRNA mimics, administered via hydrogels or nanoparticles, successfully reduce inflammation and promote alveolar bone repair. However, several issues remain unresolved, including miRNA instability, off-target effects, and interpatient variability, as well as contradictory results from multiple studies, such as the opposing functions of miR-21 across various cell types. In summary, targeted host modification by miRNA-based therapies is a paradigm change from traditional symptomatic therapy. To incorporate these strategies into clinical practice and eventually enable regenerative and customized periodontal treatment, it will be crucial to address current delivery and safety constraints through improved nanocarriers and patient-specific profiling.