Drug Database
NI

nitroglycerin (Millisrol Tape)

✓ Approved

Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is nitroglycerin?

nitroglycerin is a small molecule developed by Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMillisrol Tape
CompanyNippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.

Therapeutic Indications

nitroglycerin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedTopics in current chemistry (Cham)2026-09-20

Advances in MOF-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects.

Ma Deyun D, Guo Sirui S, Liu Ruohan R, Feng Yingzi Y et al.

Transdermal drug delivery offers a noninvasive alternative to conventional administration by avoiding gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, its broader clinical application remains limited by the barrier function of the stratum corneum and insufficient drug accumulation within target tissues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their high surface area, tunable pore structures, and versatile surface chemistry, have recently emerged as promising platforms for transdermal drug delivery. This review summarizes the key advantages of MOF-based transdermal systems, including high drug-loading capacity, particularly for hydrophobic compounds and macromolecules, programmable multidrug delivery, favorable biocompatibility, and the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions with complementary physical treatment modalities. We further discuss recent advances in the rational design of MOF-based transdermal platforms across major biomedical applications, including diabetic wound management, skin regeneration, skin cancer therapy, and cosmetic delivery. Despite these advances, clinical translation remains challenged by insufficient long-term biosafety evaluation, incomplete understanding of degradation behavior and biodistribution, limited manufacturing scalability, and regulatory requirements for complex multifunctional systems. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) provide new opportunities to address several of these challenges by accelerating MOF design, predicting structure-property relationships, optimizing stimuli-responsive drug release, and supporting the development of personalized transdermal therapies. Overall, this review provides an integrated perspective on the design principles, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges of MOF-based transdermal systems, while outlining future directions for their successful clinical development.

PMID 42763813
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-09-19

Polysaccharide-based dissolving microneedles reinforced by metal-polyphenol network: dual-enhancement of mechanical strength and photothermal-triggered drug penetration.

Jia Fan F, Peng Siyuan S, Ieong Hoiian H, Ye Weishi W et al.

Skin diseases affect approximately 30%-70% of the global population and significantly reduce quality of life. Although polysaccharide-based dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are a minimally invasive transdermal delivery platform with strong clinical potential, their loose molecular packing and weak intermolecular interactions often lead to insufficient mechanical strength, increasing the risk of bending or fracture during insertion into pathological skin. In this study, a metal-polyphenol network (MPN)-mediated dual-enhancement strategy was developed by incorporating an EGCG-iron ion self-assembled precursor into a hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix to generate the preferred MPN-enhanced DMNs (PMN). MPN incorporation regulated the molecular organization of the HA polysaccharide matrix through synergistic hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand coordination interactions, leading to enhanced structural integrity and mechanical robustness. Under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation (NIR), PMN generated localized photothermal heating that disrupted dense tissue barriers and promoted molecular transport, resulting in a 2.67-fold increase in transdermal drug penetration compared with conventional DMNs. In melanoma-bearing mice model, PMN combined with NIR irradiation achieves an 83.5% tumor inhibition rate in a B16 melanoma model with good biosafety. Overall, this work provides mechanistic insights into the structure-property relationship of MPN-regulated polysaccharide matrix and offers a versatile strategy for constructing mechanically robust and multifunctional polysaccharide-based transdermal delivery systems.

PMID 42763078
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PubMedEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026-09-18

The efficacy of transdermal melatonin in dental anxiety in children: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Wahba Nour N, Nagi Basma Mahmoud BM, El-Baraky Iman Ali IA, El-Motayam Ahmed Kamal AK

Dental anxiety, a prevalent barrier to optimum dental care, frequently necessitates pharmacological intervention. Melatonin appears to be a safe anxiolytic in medical settings but remains underexplored in paediatric dental anxiety management. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of transdermal melatonin patches in managing dental anxiety in children undergoing invasive dental treatment. 52 children aged 5-7 years undergoing dental treatment requiring infiltration local anaesthesia (LA) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg transdermal melatonin patches (n = 26) or placebo patches (n = 26), applied to the forearm 30 min before treatment. Outcomes included physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SPB), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)), and dental anxiety by self-reported Facial Image Scale (FIS). All outcomes were recorded at baseline (T1), post-administration (T2), post-LA (T3), and end of treatment (T4). Transdermal melatonin did not significantly affect either the physiological parameters or the FIS compared to placebo at any timepoint. Intragroup analysis revealed that melatonin protected against the rise in HR and DBP associated with LA injection observed in the placebo group following LA injection. ANCOVA indicated a moderate, statistically significant effect of melatonin on HR at T3 independent of baseline HR (effect size = 9%, P = 0.033, power = 58%). Melatonin induced a transient increase in SpO₂ noted post-administration (mean difference 0.96%, P = 0.019). Transdermal melatonin patches provided modest cardioprotective effects against the haemodynamic stress of dental injections during paediatric dental procedures but did not significantly reduce self-reported dental anxiety.

PMID 42758406
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PubMedJournal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition2026-09-18

Engineering centrifugally spun nanofibrous matrices as high-performance transdermal patches for accelerated Alzheimer's treatment.

Gaber Dalia A DA

This study aimed to develop and optimize a centrifugally spun polycaprolactone/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PCL/PVA) nanofibrous transdermal patch containing polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and oleic acid to improve rivastigmine delivery for the long-term management of Alzheimer's disease. Rivastigmine-loaded nanofibrous patches were fabricated by centrifugal spinning and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Mechanical properties, drug release, ex vivo skin permeation and deposition, dermal irritation, pharmacokinetics in New Zealand White rabbits, and stability were systematically evaluated. The optimized formulation (F5) produced uniform, bead-free nanofibers (1.7 ± 0.3 μm) with rivastigmine molecularly dispersed in an amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. The patch exhibited favorable mechanical properties, sustained drug release, enhanced ex vivo skin permeation (0.50 ± 0.04 mg/cm2 at 24 h), and increased drug deposition within the viable epidermis and dermis, indicating cutaneous reservoir formation. Dermal irritation was negligible (Primary Irritation Index = 0.08). Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated prolonged systemic absorption (Tmax = 6.0 ± 1.0 h) and approximately five-fold greater systemic exposure (AUC0-∞ = 345 ± 28 ng·h/mL) than the oral formulation (67 ± 9 ng·h/mL, p < 0.05).The optimized centrifugally spun nanofibrous patch provided sustained rivastigmine delivery, excellent dermal biocompatibility, enhanced skin deposition, and improved systemic bioavailability, supporting its potential as a scalable transdermal platform for long-term Alzheimer's disease therapy.

PMID 42757822
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PubMedJournal of analytical toxicology2026-09-18

Urinary detection and metabolites profiles of trenbolone and metenolone following trace-level dermal exposure.

Krombholz Sophia S, Angelis Yiannis A YA, Fußhöller Gregor G, Thevis Mario M

Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can result in adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in doping controls with a comparably long detectability of the parent compound and/or their metabolites in urine samples. Transdermal absorption is influenced by multiple factors, including physicochemical properties of the substance and solubility; but is largely driven by the degree of exposure, i.e. amount of substance applied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the detectability and urinary excretion profiles of trenbolone (TREN) and metenolone (MET) after dermal exposure to microgram quantities of these frequently abused AAS. Controlled excretion studies were conducted with healthy male volunteers, and each participant received a single dose of 50 µg TREN or MET via dermal application to the forearm. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for the parent compounds and their metabolites by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). To enhance sensitivity and product ion formation, derivatization with Girard's reagent T was employed for MET and its metabolites. Following administration of transdermal microdoses, both substances and/or their metabolites were detectable in the urine samples of all participants. For TREN, predominantly the established main metabolite epitrenbolone was identified, with maximum concentrations up to 2.6 ng/ml and a detection window of up to three days post-application. Maximum concentrations of MET ranged from 0.1-1.2 ng/ml. Notably, particularly the sulfoconjugated metabolite of MET remained detectable for over a week in one volunteer. Metabolite profiles were compared with those of urine samples obtained after oral administration of the steroids to assess potential differences. Considering the increasing number of alleged transdermal contamination cases, the results provide important analytical data to better assess the plausibility of such claims.

PMID 42758135
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PubMedPharmaceutical research2026-09-18

Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Non-Oral Drug Delivery: A Critical Review Bridging Mechanistic Advantages and Gaps in Translational Evidence.

Riccio Bruno Vincenzo Fiod BVF, Leão Aline Franciane AF, Klosowski Ana Beatriz AB, Boni Fernanda Isadora FI et al.

Non-oral drug delivery routes, including cutaneous, transdermal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, parenteral, vaginal, and rectal administration, are essential for both local and systemic therapies but impose route-specific constraints on drug dissolution, retention, permeation, clearance, and exposure. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs),extensively investigated for oral delivery, may improve the performance of poorly water-soluble drugs by stabilizing high-energy amorphous states, increasing apparent solubility, and promoting transient supersaturation. However, their translation into non-oral dosage forms remains fragmented and largely preclinical. This review critically examines the potential, limitations, and translational challenges of ASDs for non-oral drug delivery, with emphasis on the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, pharmaceutical, and route-dependent determinants governing their performance. Key aspects discussed include drug-polymer interactions, molecular mobility, phase behavior, water uptake, crystallization, interactions with secondary pharmaceutical bases, and route-specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Current evidence is examined across dermal, transdermal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, vaginal, rectal, and parenteral delivery systems. Parenteral administration is considered a special case encompassing sterile suspensions, reconstitutable systems, microneedles, implants, and depot-forming formulations. Recent technological advances, patent and industrial landscapes, and the potential extension of ASD principles to peptides, proteins, biologics, and other complex molecular entities are also addressed. ASDs are further positioned in relation to alternative and complementary solubility-enhancing technologies, including nanoparticles, nanocrystals, cocrystals, cyclodextrins, micelles, lipid-based systems, emulsions, solvents, and cosolvents. ASDs off er a promising but still underdeveloped strategy for improving non-oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Their successful translation will depend not only on achieving and maintaining favorable amorphousstates and supersaturation, but also on converting these physicochemical advantages into route-specific drug exposure, therapeutic benefit, formulation stability, manufacturability, and clinically meaningful outcomes.

PMID 42754781
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