Drug Database
AV

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate (Invicorp / VIP, Senetek / Resurgam)

✓ Approved

Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. · VIPR1 · Small Molecule

What is aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate?

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate is a small molecule developed by Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesInvicorp, VIP, Senetek, Resurgam
CompanyJohnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetVIPR1
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate acts on 1 molecular target:

VIPR1vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (PACAP-R2, V1RG)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersErectile dysfunction✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHospital pharmacy2026-07-25

Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models as Decision-Support Tools in Hospital Compounding Pharmacy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Castellana Eleonora E, Chiappetta Maria Rachele MR

To evaluate the efficiency and reliability of a large language model (LLM) as a decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy for pediatric extemporaneous preparations requiring assessment of drug crushability, regulatory compliance, and formulation feasibility. A proof-of-concept study compared a structured LLM-assisted workflow with the traditional manual information retrieval process in a hospital pharmacy setting. The LLM (Claude Sonnet 4.6) was configured with a standardized prompt to extract and consolidate data from multiple authoritative sources: the Friuli Venezia Giulia "Do Not Crush" list, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) database for Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), AIFA Law 648/96 off-label use lists, and the Stabilis database for oral liquid formulation stability. Two representative drugs, propranolol hydrochloride and imatinib mesylate, were analyzed. For each drug, the model generated a structured output including crushability, regulatory information, off-label status, and extemporaneous formulation data. The same queries were manually performed by an experienced hospital pharmacist. Primary outcome was information retrieval time; secondary outcomes included completeness and accuracy. The LLM-assisted workflow reduced retrieval time to less than 2 minutes per drug (mean 1 minute 45 seconds), compared with a mean of 20 minutes (range 15-25 minutes) for the manual process, plus an additional 5 to 10 minutes for transcription. Output completeness was 100%, with all predefined fields correctly populated. The model accurately classified drug crushability and correctly identified Law 648/96 regulatory status. For propranolol, the system identified crushability, pediatric off-label authorization, and SyrSpend-based formulations with stability data of up to 146 days at room temperature. For imatinib, the model highlighted cytotoxic handling precautions, identified the absence of SyrSpend formulations, and retrieved alternative formulation stability data (30 days refrigerated). A properly configured LLM can function as an effective decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy, improving efficiency while maintaining high standards of completeness, accuracy, and regulatory compliance. These preliminary results support further investigation into the integration of the LLM system into routine pediatric galenical preparation practice.

PMID 42500259
Read full article →
PubMedSouth Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association2026-07-22

Epinephrine is Safe in Digital Anesthesia: Debunking the Myth of Finger Necrosis and Correcting Persistent Misinformation in Medical Education.

Van Bockern Ben B, Wilde Emily E, Person Lacey L, Tessendorf Cole D CD et al.

The application of epinephrine in digit procedures has historically been a subject of debate in medical education. Trainees are often advised to avoid its use in fingers, toes, and other terminal areas due to concerns about tissue ischemia and necrosis. However, numerous studies demonstrate that, when used at appropriate concentrations, epinephrine can be safely administered in these regions, challenging long standing misconceptions. The belief that epinephrine causes digital necrosis stems from outdated reports from the early to mid-20th century, many of which involved procaine or cocaine-anesthetics with inherent vasoconstrictive properties that may have compounded the effects of epinephrine. Additionally, procaine alone has been shown to impair tissue viability, likely contributing to observed necrosis. Some case reports of digital necrosis did not involve epinephrine at all, suggesting alternative causes. Despite this, cautious use of epinephrine in digital anesthesia has been incorporated into contemporary medical education. Many reputable textbooks, journals, and online learning resources continue to advise caution against the use of epinephrine in digits, even in light of extensive research suggesting otherwise. When used at an appropriate concentration (1:100,000) alongside an appropriate reversal agent such as phentolamine, epinephrine in the digits has been demonstrated to be safe, with very few reports of necrosis. The use of epinephrine in hand procedures aligns with current best practices and should not be viewed as controversial. Bridging the gap between evidence and education is essential for training clinicians who are confident, competent, and guided by up-to-date, evidence-based practices.

PMID 42485367
Read full article →
PubMedScientific reports2026-07-21

Effect of targeted versus fixed dosing of nafamostat mesylate on filter life in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.

Rhee Harin H, Jung Kyung Sook KS, Ku Eun Young EY

Nafamostat mesylate (NM) is a commonly used anticoagulant in continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) in Japan and South Korea. NM has been empirically infused at fixed doses (10-20 mg/h) without monitoring. In this single-center before-and-after study, we designed post-filter activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based targeted NM dosing protocol for CKRT and evaluated its efficacy and safety. The targeted NM dosing protocol involved titrating the NM dose (2.5-5 mg/h) to maintain the post-filter aPTT between 46 and 70 s. Efficacy was assessed by comparing filter lifespan before and after protocol implementation. Safety was evaluated based on changes in the incidence of bleeding complications, leukopenia, and hyperkalemia. Linear mixed-effects and Cox proportional hazards models were used, as appropriate. In total, 151 (before; 91, after; 60) patients received NM-CKRT anticoagulation (68.9% men, mean ages; 68.2 ± 14.2 years). Patient demographics and disease severity were similar before and after protocol implementation. During the intervention, 74.3% of filters reached the target aPTT levels. Compared with fixed dosing, post-filter aPTT-based targeted NM dosing extended the filter life by 4.5 (95% confidence interval; 1.5-7.5) h among filters that achieved the target aPTT levels, without compromising safety issues. Further validation across diverse centers is required.

PMID 42477433
Read full article →
PubMedMediators of inflammation2026-07-21

MitoQ Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting the mtROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 Pathway.

Qian Shaohuan S, Leng Junjie J, Yao Zhuoya Z, Shi Chao C et al.

To determine whether mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) could treat diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by inhibiting the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)/thioredoxin (TRX)-interacting protein (TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. In vivo DCM models were established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection in mice, whereas in vitro models were generated by exposing AC16 cardiomyocytes to high glucose. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting were used to analyze the expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and other related proteins in cardiac tissue and cardiomyocytes stimulated with high glucose. mtROS fluorescence staining was used to analyze whether MitoQ could alleviate the generation of ROS in mitochondria in a high-glucose environment. Co-IP experiments were used to analyze whether high glucose stimulation promoted the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 and induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Diabetic mice exhibited increased oxidative stress, enhanced mtROS accumulation, activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, myocardial fibrosis, and impaired cardiac function. High-glucose stimulation in AC16 cells promoted dissociation of TXNIP from TRX, enhanced TXNIP-NLRP3 interaction, and increased expression of downstream pyroptosis-related proteins, including NT-gasdermin D (GSDMD), Caspase-1, and cleaved interleukin-1β (IL-1β). MitoQ treatment reduced mtROS production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), inhibited TXNIP-NLRP3 interaction, and suppressed inflammasome activation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, TXNIP knockdown further enhanced the protective effects of MitoQ, confirming the critical role of the mtROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. MitoQ attenuates diabetic myocardial injury by inhibiting mtROS accumulation and suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Targeting the mtROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM.

PMID 42479041
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology2026-07-21

Bioamine disruption leads to memory deficits in the whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus.

Ley Sidney T ST, Wolff Gabriella H GH, Casto Patrick P, Brown Nicholas A NA et al.

Amblypygi (whip spiders) are an order of arthropods (Subphylum: Chelicerata, Class: Arachnida) that navigate primarily by their keen olfactory abilities. Experiments in the laboratory reveal that the species Phrynus marginemaculatus forms both short and long-term memories for odors associated with access to a shelter. While bioamine function and location in the whip spider nervous system remain completely unexplored, comparative anatomy indicates that their olfactory memory may involve serotonin and dopamine signaling in brain regions involved in processing olfactory input. Preliminary immunohistochemistry detected serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in mushroom body-associated calycal regions and antenniform primary olfactory glomeruli, supporting future work on monoaminergic modulation of olfactory circuits. Therefore, if serotonin or dopamine signaling involved in olfactory processing is pharmacologically disrupted, their performance in an associative olfactory learning task should be significantly impaired. Subjects were trained on an olfactory memory paradigm, subsequently injected with physiological saline, the serotonin receptor antagonist methiothepin mesylate (MET), or the dopamine receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (SCH), and tested for memory retention 24 h afterwards. Controls injected with saline demonstrated robust associative memory (serotonin antagonism control: n = 10, p = 0.006 against chance performance on the task, dopamine antagonism control: n = 10, p = 0.039), while treated groups displayed no such memory (MET: n = 10, p = 0.375, SCH: n = 10, p = 0.892). There was also a significant difference in performance between the treated and control groups on test day (serotonin antagonism groups: p = 0.048, dopamine antagonism groups: p = 0.016). Additionally, there were no significant differences in locomotor activity between treatment and control groups on test day (p > 0.05). Together, these results are consistent with serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling contributing to olfactory memory consolidation without grossly impairing locomotion in Phrynus marginemaculatus.

PMID 42479138
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026-07-17

Neoadjuvant Imatinib Therapy in Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Tumor Downsizing, Sphincter Preservation, Transanal Surgical Platforms, Functional Outcomes, and Survival.

Raja Naga Praneeth NP, Kandagari Nagapavani N

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent approximately 5-8.5% of all GISTs and pose unique surgical challenges due to the confined pelvic anatomy and proximity to the anal sphincter complex. Historically, radical surgery - including abdominoperineal resection (APR) or pelvic exenteration - was frequently required for complete tumor clearance, resulting in permanent colostomy and significant functional morbidity. The introduction of imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting KIT and PDGFRA, has fundamentally transformed the management of rectal GIST. Neoadjuvant imatinib therapy achieves significant tumor downsizing (25-46% reduction), reduces mitotic activity, and enables sphincter-preserving surgery in patients who would otherwise require radical resection. The concurrent evolution of transanal endoscopic platforms - including transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS), and robotic TAMIS (R-TAMIS) - has further expanded the possibilities for organ preservation, achieving R0 resection rates of 89-100% with favorable functional outcomes and preserved fecal continence. Emerging evidence also suggests improvements in distant recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival compared with upfront surgery. This comprehensive narrative review examines the rationale, efficacy, response assessment, surgical implications, the role of transanal surgical platforms, functional outcomes, quality of life, survival outcomes, and current guideline recommendations for neoadjuvant imatinib in rectal GIST.

PMID 42467291
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate