Drug Database
TE

testosterone enanthate (Vibex QS T / QS T / Xyosted)

✓ Approved

Antares Pharma, Inc. · AR · Steroids

What is testosterone enanthate?

testosterone enanthate is a steroids developed by Antares Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesVibex QS T, QS T, Xyosted
CompanyAntares Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSteroids, Small Molecule
Molecular TargetAR
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Antares Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

testosterone enanthate acts on 1 molecular target:

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

testosterone enanthate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedUrologie (Heidelberg, Germany)2026-09-20

[Gender-affirming hormone therapy: state of the art].

Bischoff Jenny J

Gender incongruence affects approximately 0.6% of the population in Germany and, when accompanied by significant psychological distress, may constitute an indication for gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). The increasing diversity of gender identity has led to a more individualized approach to hormone therapy. The decision to initiate treatment is based on the expected reduction in gender-related dysphoria due to hormonal treatment. Treatment is carried out in accordance with guidelines and is tailored to the wishes and goals of the person seeking treatment. Various estradiol preparations and antiandrogenic substances can be used to achieve feminization. Masculinizing therapy relies primarily on testosterone. For non-binary individuals, GAHT is usually administered at lower doses and typically focuses on specific aspects of gender alignment. The therapeutic effects usually develop slowly but can be irreversible and significant. Risks should be assessed in advance, and patients should be informed about potential adverse effects. Monitoring and adjustment of treatment take place at specified regular intervals. Adjustments and support throughout the course of treatment-ranging from fertility preservation to cancer screening-are key components of comprehensive care in patients undergoing GAHT. Although the evidence regarding GAHT has improved significantly in recent years, large-scale studies are still lacking for many aspects.

PMID 42763335
Read full article →
PubMedMechanisms of ageing and development2026-09-19

Endogenous Androgens, Physical and Cognitive Function in Healthy Midlife Men: A Systematic Review.

Keren Dan D, Hayek Roee R, Toledano Yoel Y, Strauss Tzipi T et al.

In men, androgens begin to decline during midlife, yet their functional implications in this period remain unclear. This review synthesizes evidence linking androgens with physical and cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged men. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched (2010-2026) for observational studies assessing testosterone and objective physical or cognitive outcomes in men aged 45-64 years or broader midlife-inclusive samples. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed independently by two reviewers. Sixteen studies were included. Small positive associations with physical performance were observed mainly between free/bioavailable testosterone and grip-strength, with less consistent mobility findings. Midlife-focused analyses showed more consistent associations than broader age-range studies. Cognitive findings varied across domains and assessment tools. Visuospatial abilities showed the most consistent associations with testosterone, whereas verbal and episodic memory demonstrated mixed results. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate showed small consistent associations with executive function and processing speed. Heterogeneity in assays and measures limited comparability. Subtle associations between endogenous-androgens and functional performance can be detected in healthy middle-aged men. However, these relationships are small, domain-specific, and obscured by methodological variability. Sensitive performance assessments and standardized hormonal evaluation are needed to clarify whether androgen profiles identify early functional vulnerability.

PMID 42763064
Read full article →
PubMedResearch in veterinary science2026-09-19

Melatonin testicular synthesis and its role in reproductive physiology in seasonal and non-seasonal breeders.

Cesauri Mattia M, Ventrella Domenico D, Fanelli Diana D, Elmi Alberto A

Melatonin (MT) is an indoleamine primarily produced by the pineal gland in a light-dark-dependent manner; however, it is also locally synthesized in the testis, where it influences male reproductive physiology upon interaction with its receptors (MT1/MT2), the binding started the bio-signaling inside the cells mediated by MT. This review outlines the intratesticular effects of MT, addressing seasonal and non-seasonal mammals. In rodents, Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells contain enzymatic machinery to produce MT, with MT1/MT2 signaling influencing androgen production through cAMP-dependent and independent pathways and interacting with local Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH), serotoninergic, and catecholaminergic systems to regulate steroidogenesis and testicular plasticity. In non-seasonal species, Sertoli cells express MT1/MT2 and react to melatonin through alterations in proliferation, expression of spermatogenesis-related genes, and restructuring of glycolytic and acetate metabolism, thus modifying energetic support to germ cells. In seasonal breeders like rams and roe deer, MT1/MT2, N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) are found in testicular cells, spermatozoa, and the epididymis. Exogenous MT treatments are linked to advancements in the breeding season, increased testicular size and enhanced testosterone secretion in rams. MT1/MT2 were reported in spermatozoa from several seasonal and non-seasonal mammalian species and MT frequently was detected in seminal plasma, where they are involved in motility, capacitation, cryotolerance, and antioxidant protection. Therefore, suggesting that MT serves as a conserved but diversified intratesticular signal that integrates photoperiodic, metabolic, and cytoprotective regulation of male fertility.

PMID 42762694
Read full article →
PubMedThe Prostate2026-09-19

Cross-Cohort Characterization of an LHB-Associated Transcriptomic State in Prostate Cancer.

Pan Zhihua Z, Fan Jinjiang J, Zhang Lidian L, Zhao Ruizhe R et al.

We sought to characterize an LHB-associated tumor transcriptomic state across public prostate cancer datasets. Tumor LHB expression and the correlation-derived signature were treated as molecular measurements only; serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone were not available or analyzed. In 501 TCGA-PRAD tumors, the 25 genes most positively and 25 most negatively correlated with LHB defined a direction-weighted signature. The frozen score was projected without refitting into GSE54460, GSE116918, and two GSE21034 platform views. Cohort-specific grade, biochemical recurrence, and compact expression programs were evaluated. Program genes did not overlap the signature, and LHB was excluded from steroidogenesis. In GSE176031, upper and lower signature-score quartiles were compared within each of 53 samples. The score was higher in high-grade TCGA-PRAD tumors (mean difference, 0.327; P = 7.12 × 10-9) and had positive but heterogeneous grade differences in the external datasets. Across all five bulk views, the score correlated negatively with androgen receptor signaling (r = -0.365 to -0.627) and positively with cell cycle (r = 0.283-0.692) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (r = 0.217-0.734). Direct LHB transcripts were detected in 30 of 53,765 cells. Sample-level single-cell contrasts showed lower androgen receptor signaling and higher cell-cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition scores in signature-high epithelial states; the LHB-excluded steroidogenesis contrast was near zero. The LHB-correlation-derived signature identifies an AR-low, proliferative, mesenchymal-associated expression state across datasets. It does not measure circulating hormones, establish LHB-dependent biology, or support clinical use. Paired molecular and functional studies are required.

PMID 42762535
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in endocrinology2026-09-19

Adult psychological outcomes among women with different adolescent PCOS presentations.

Nowak-Ciołek Maria Małgorzata MM, Paczyna Julia J, Grygiel Katarzyna K, Sokal Julia J et al.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder, often beginning in adolescence and associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological complications. The present study evaluated whether adolescent patients meeting the 2023 adolescent-specific PCOS criteria (Rotterdam phenotypes A and B) exhibit poorer mental health or lower quality of life (QoL) in adulthood compared with those with Rotterdam PCOS phenotypes C and D. A retrospective analysis was conducted among women previously hospitalized in pediatric endocrinology wards and diagnosed with PCOS during adolescence. Clinical data, hormonal profiles, and comorbidities were extracted from medical records. The study group [SG] comprised patients with Rotterdam PCOS phenotypes A and B, while the comparison group [CG] included phenotypes C and D and adolescents at risk of PCOS. In adulthood, participants completed a 66-item survey including self-reported BMI, menstrual symptoms, Ferriman-Gallwey scoring, comorbidity assessment, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the WHOQOL-BREF. A total of 46 individuals completed the survey, including 32 participants in the SG and 14 in the CG. The median age was 22.5 years in the SG and 21.5 years in the CG. All participants were Polish. During adolescence, SG and CG differed in testosterone levels (p = 0.0007) and number of patients with menstrual irregularities (p = 0.006). In adulthood, no significant between-group differences were observed in BMI, Ferriman-Gallwey scores, PHQ-9 outcomes, or WHOQOL-BREF domain scores. The distribution of depressive symptom severity did not differ significantly. Moreover, no correlations were found between QoL or depressive symptoms and BMI change, disease duration or hirsutism. However, mean PHQ-9 scores in both groups indicated clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Adult women diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam phenotypes A and B) in adolescence did not exhibit poorer quality of life or increased depressive symptoms compared with women presenting Rotterdam PCOS phenotypes C and D or adolescents previously classified as being at risk of PCOS. No significant differences were observed between groups in PHQ-9 or WHOQOL-BREF scores, nor were these outcomes related to BMI, hyperandrogenism, or disease duration. Both groups demonstrated elevated depressive symptom levels, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies on long-term psychological outcomes in PCOS.

PMID 42761164
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of the American Heart Association2026-09-18

Do Androgens and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Mediate Sex Differences in the Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction? The KORA Study.

Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza H, Amiri Mojgan M, Thorand Barbara B, Peters Annette A et al.

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease are well established, but the role of androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) remains unclear. We investigated whether these hormones and SHBG mediate sex differences in the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Observational data from the German population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) F4 study (n=1970; mean age, 54 years; 58% men) were used as baseline examination. Incident stroke and incident MI cases were identified through regular follow-ups until the end of 2016. Multivariable linear and Cox regression models were used to explore associations. Mediation analyses were performed to assess direct effects, indirect effects, and the mediating role of androgens (total testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate) and SHBG in the association between sex (women versus men) and risk of stroke/MI. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 71 stroke and 63 MI events occurred. An inconsistent mediatory role was observed for total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on the association between sex and risk of stroke. The direct effects were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.18-0.86) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.17-0.82) and indirect effects were 2.48 (95% CI, 1.27-6.17) and 2.90 (95% CI, 1.67-6.35) for total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, respectively. No mediating role was observed for other androgens or SHBG in relation to stroke, and neither androgens nor SHBG mediated the risk of MI. Our findings suggest that both total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone may have dimorphic mediating role with stroke risk, and that these associations may vary between men and women.

PMID 42757908
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about testosterone enanthate