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testosterone enanthate (Vibex QS T / QS T / Xyosted)

✓ Approved

Antares Pharma, Inc. · AR · Steroids

What is testosterone enanthate?

testosterone enanthate is a steroids developed by Antares Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesVibex QS T, QS T, Xyosted
CompanyAntares Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSteroids, Small Molecule
Molecular TargetAR
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Antares Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

testosterone enanthate acts on 1 molecular target:

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

testosterone enanthate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHuman reproduction open2026-11-13

Integrating hormonal analyses into the development of hormonal male contraception: geographic centre as a determinant of individual response.

Zitzmann Michael M, Schlatt Stefan S, Nieschlag Ebo E, Habib Ndema N et al.

Are the geographic recruitment centre and dynamic sex-steroid profiles, particularly for dihydrotestosterone, associated with inter-individual differences in libido and mood-related adverse events during hormonal male contraception? In this multinational analysis of the WHO testosterone undecanoate/norethisterone (TU/NETE) enanthate trial, geographic cluster was associated with distinct androgenic profiles and clinical responses; lower dihydrotestosterone exposure emerged as a consistent predictor of decreased libido and mood-related adverse events. Combined testosterone-progestin regimens can suppress spermatogenesis effectively, but the WHO TU/NETE trial was discontinued prematurely because of mood-related adverse events despite high contraceptive efficacy. The endocrine mechanisms underlying these adverse effects remain incompletely understood. This secondary analysis used serial hormone and adverse-event data from the multinational WHO/CONRAD trial, which enrolled 320 men. However, 255 participants had serum samples available for centralized steroid analysis and constituted the present analytical cohort, as the samples from Jakarta, Indonesia (65 subjects) were not sent to the Central Laboratory. Healthy male participants were recruited across European/Australian, South American, and Asian centres and grouped into geographic clusters. Serum testosterone, calculated free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, and norethisterone were analysed centrally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Longitudinal mixed-effects models and time-to-event analyses were used to evaluate associations between hormone trajectories, geographic cluster, age, libido changes, and mood disorders. Marked cluster-dependent heterogeneity was observed. Participants from Chile showed higher total and free testosterone and persistently higher dihydrotestosterone concentrations over time, accompanied by a higher incidence of increased libido. Participants from India showed lower dihydrotestosterone exposure and higher norethisterone concentrations and no libido and mood changes. European/Australian participants showed comparatively lower dihydrotestosterone concentrations and the highest cumulative incidence of mood disorders. Declining dihydrotestosterone concentrations were associated with decreased libido and mood-related adverse events. The analyses are exploratory and based on secondary evaluation of a completed clinical trial. Geographic clusters may reflect genetic, environmental, dietary, cultural, behavioural, and reporting-related factors, and causality cannot be inferred. Comprehensive androgen profiling, particularly assessment of dihydrotestosterone, may help identify men at increased risk of neuropsychological or sexual adverse effects during hormonal male contraception and may support more individualized contraceptive regimens. The clinical study was cosponsored and funded by United Nations Development Programme; United Nations Population Fund; United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; World Health Organization; World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (Human Reproduction Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland); and CONRAD (Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA using funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and U.S. Agency for International Development). R.I.M.is a Principal Research Fellow of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (1022327) and the Hudson Institute, which is supported by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Scheme. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. N/A.

PMID 43022574
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PubMedBiochemistry and biophysics reports2026-11-13

ACTN3 R577X and human androgen biology: A critical mini review of androgen exposure and skeletal muscle responsiveness.

Moon Evan E

ACTN3 R577X may contribute to variation in skeletal-muscle adaptation to androgens. This narrative mini-review distinguishes circulating androgen exposure, androgen receptor (AR) measurements, and physiological responsiveness across human and experimental studies. Small human studies report heterogeneous associations between genotype and resting or exercise-associated testosterone. One investigation reported lower AR protein in alpha-actinin-3-deficient muscle in small human cohorts and genotype-dependent responses to androgen perturbation in mice, with developmental and muscle-specific restrictions. Human training studies report inconsistent relationships between AR measurements and hypertrophy, while cell-specific mouse experiments demonstrate context-dependent roles for myofiber and mesenchymal-progenitor AR. One ACTN3 restoration experiment did not increase muscle mass or fast-fiber size. Together, these findings support testing whether ACTN3 modifies the relationship between androgen exposure and muscle growth, but they do not establish this effect in adult humans or identify AR as its mediator. AR could contribute causally, mark another relevant muscle characteristic, or accompany adaptation through alternative pathways. Human studies should distinguish genotype-associated growth at comparable exposure from differences in exposure-response slopes, using a prespecified genetic model and longitudinal exposure measurements. Illustrative interaction-power scenarios emphasize the need for adequately sized cohorts. AR CAG-repeat analyses remain exploratory, and female-inclusive studies are necessary for generalizability. The reviewed evidence motivates direct testing but does not support genotype-guided testosterone treatment.

PMID 43022279
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PubMedMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2026-11-13

Comparison of DHEA- and Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes in Rats Under Simulated High-Altitude Hypoxia.

Wang Ru R, Fang Ting T, Yang Zijing Z, Jiang Yi Y et al.

BACKGROUND Exposure to high altitudes and low oxygen levels has been associated with female reproductive system damage and increased polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) incidence. This study compared the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) injection and letrozole gavage on development of PCOS-like phenotypes in rats under simulated high-altitude hypoxic (HH) conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty late-adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous DHEA injections or letrozole gavage under simulated HH conditions at 6000 m (pressure: 47.2 kPa) or local ambient altitude (LA; 2200 m; pressure: 77.2 kPa) for 21 days. Body weight, serum reproductive hormone levels, ovarian histomorphology, and estrous cycles were evaluated. RESULTS Under HH conditions, DHEA-treated rats had higher body weights than letrozole-treated rats (mean difference=-8.367, P=0.040). DHEA injection increased testosterone levels (adjusted P<0.001), while decreasing estradiol (adjusted P<0.001) and progesterone levels (adjusted P<0.001). Letrozole gavage increased only testosterone levels (adjusted P=0.008); there were no significant changes in estradiol or progesterone levels. The DHEA group exhibited more severe follicular atresia and a greater reduction in the healthy-to-cystic follicle ratio than the letrozole group (adjusted P=0.046). DHEA injection also produced more complete estrous cycle disruption than letrozole gavage under both LA and HH conditions by day 21 (100% vs 30% under LA and 100% vs 60% under HH; P=0.003 and P=0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Under simulated HH conditions, DHEA injection produces a more severe PCOS-like reproductive phenotype than letrozole gavage. Further studies are needed to expand these findings across altitudes, exposure durations, and age groups.

PMID 43021525
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PubMedUrology case reports2026-11-13

Isolated testicular metastasis as a rare manifestation of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Niroomand Hassan H, Rezvankhah Vahid V

Secondary testicular metastasis from prostate cancer is exceptionally rare. We report an isolated testicular recurrence detected by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a 65-year-old male with biochemical progression (PSA 2.5 ng/mL) during castration resistance. Conventional imaging was negative, but 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT revealed a right testicular lesion (SUVmax 21.8). Right radical inguinal orchiectomy confirmed metastatic Grade Group 5 prostate adenocarcinoma. Maintained on goserelin depot, the patient achieved complete biochemical remission by 6 weeks postoperatively, with an undetectable PSA (<0.1 ng/mL) and castrate testosterone (16 ng/dL). 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is crucial for uncovering occult atypical metastases, while radical orchiectomy provides essential cytoreduction and definitive histopathological diagnosis.

PMID 43022848
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PubMedReproduction & fertility2026-11-13

Short-term culture and hormone secretion analysis of prepubertal testicular tissue.

Harteveld Femke F, Alves-Lopes João Pedro JP, Haavisto Anu A, Cui Yanhua Y et al.

Some boys with cancer or blood diseases may have a small piece of testicular tissue frozen before they start treatment, with the hope of preserving future fertility. In this study, testicular tissue from 59 boys aged 0.7 to 14.3 years was kept in a laboratory dish for a short time after biopsy. We measured whether the tissue could still release testosterone and other hormones that support germ cells that will make sperm in adulthood. The tissue of was able to release hormones after being transported from the operating room to the laboratory premises and, in some cases, even after previous chemotherapy. Hormone release was linked to the child's age and to previous treatment with a type of chemotherapy known to damage fertility. It was not clearly linked to the number of germ cells in the tissue. This suggests that hormone producing testicular cells may remain active even when germ cells are reduced. These tests may help assess tissue quality before future fertility treatments.

PMID 43023872
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PubMedCureus2026-11-13

Panhypopituitarism: A Case Report of a Rare Complication of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Secondary to Ulcerative Colitis.

Nyunt Pyaesone P, Nyunt Aye A

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a recognised but uncommon thrombotic complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, specifically panhypopituitarism following extensive cerebral venous thrombosis, has been rarely documented. We report a case of a 21-year-old gentleman with a background of recently diagnosed UC. On his first admission, he developed symptoms suggestive of CVST, which required intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission and was later discharged. Four months later, he was re-admitted due to a severe UC flare resulting in toxic megacolon, requiring a subtotal colectomy and further ITU admission. During the course of his admission, he developed polyuria, hypernatraemia, raised plasma osmolality, recurrent hypoglycaemia, and hypogonadism. Upon endocrine consultation, the assessment concluded that there was evidence of anterior and posterior pituitary dysfunction in keeping with panhypopituitarism. He was treated with hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, desmopressin, and testosterone replacement. A follow-up pituitary MRI later showed appearances consistent with empty sella. Overall, this case highlights two important considerations. Firstly, early recognition of CVST is needed in patients with neurological symptoms and active UC. Secondly, pituitary dysfunction should be considered in patients with UC who develop extensive CVST alongside persistently unexplained hypoglycaemia, polyuria, hypernatraemia, or hyperosmolality.

PMID 43022789
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