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AL

aluminium hydroxide (Pangramin Depot)

✓ Approved

ALK-Abello · therapeutic agent

What is aluminium hydroxide?

aluminium hydroxide is a therapeutic agent developed by ALK-Abello. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPangramin Depot
CompanyALK-Abello
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, ALK-Abello

Therapeutic Indications

aluminium hydroxide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRhinitis allergic✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2026-11-13

The significance of the surface wetting capacity of disinfectant formulations on the sporicidal activity against Clostridioides difficile.

Tarka Patryk P, Konopczyńska Beata B, Hreczuch Wiesław W, Chruściel Arkadiusz A et al.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains the leading infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, representing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. C. difficile spores can persist on environmental surfaces for months and require sporicidal disinfection for effective elimination. The high surface (interfacial) tension of disinfectant formulations may limit their sporicidal efficacy. Evidence suggests that the hydrophobicity of spore surfaces plays a significant role in the transmission and persistence of CDI. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the wetting properties of two disinfectant formulations based on chlorine dioxide on selected test surfaces, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, and to evaluate the sporicidal activity of these formulations against C. difficile spores in accordance with EN 17846. Two disinfectant formulations based on chlorine dioxide, with identical concentrations of the active substance, were investigated: one containing a surfactant and one without. Wettability measurements were performed on selected solid materials with differing hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Seven surfaces were analysed: parafilm (a thin film of specially processed, highly purified paraffin mounted on a roll of waxed paper), glass, ceramic (a commercial glazed ceramic tile), aluminium, PVC flooring (a commercial product), PVC Forex (foamed PVC), and 316 stainless steel. Sporicidal activity was evaluated on PVC carriers using the EN 17846 four-field test under clean conditions with a 15-min contact time. The chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant containing a surfactant demonstrated the most favourable wetting properties. However, wettability varied considerably across the tested surfaces and decreased in the following order: glass > ceramic > PVC > aluminium > stainless steel > > PVC Forex > parafilm. The addition of a surfactant resulted in a greater reduction of C. difficile spores, with a log10 reduction factor of 5.39, compared with 4.22 for the formulation without surfactant. The addition of appropriately selected surfactants reduced surface tension and improved the wettability of the tested materials. Under the EN 17846 test conditions on PVC carriers, the surfactant-containing formulation showed a numerically higher reduction in C. difficile spores than the formulation without surfactants. Further replicated studies on additional healthcare-relevant surfaces are required to confirm whether improved wettability translates into greater sporicidal efficacy across different materials.

PMID 43021409
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PubMedJournal of nanobiotechnology2026-11-13

A self-driven probiotic nanosystem reshapes extracellular matrix by knockdown of DDR1 for enhanced tumor immunotherapy.

Cao Lei L, He Yuefeng Y, Li Wenhao W, He Yu Y et al.

Immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for tumor suppression, yet its efficacy is significantly limited by the immunosuppressive extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic of solid tumors. To achieve simultaneous ECM remodeling and immune activation within a single system, we have developed a self-driven probiotic nanosystem (PL@LDH-CB) based on the probiotic Clostridium butyricum (CB), which incorporates a plasmid-loaded layered double hydroxide (PL@LDH) gene-editing module. Following intravenous administration, the PL@LDH-CB system actively targets tumor sites by leveraging CB's natural tropism toward hypoxic conditions, thereby efficiently delivering the PL@LDH gene-editing module for ECM reshaping. Within tumors, CB and its metabolites significantly enhance anti-cancer immune responses. Concurrently, the released PL@LDH enables stable nuclear expression of CRISPR-Cas9, precisely knocking down Ddr1-a gene encoding discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) that mediates immune exclusion through promoting collagen fibrillogenesis and fiber alignment. The depletion of DDR1 ultimately reduces intratumoral solid stress (a compressive force exerted by collagen fibers), leading to comprehensive ECM remodeling. This process markedly improves the infiltration of activated T cells within tumors, thereby significantly enhancing immunotherapeutic outcomes.

PMID 43021263
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PubMedJournal of oral microbiology2026-11-13

Metformin-loaded mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles against alkaline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection.

Liu Runze R, Duan Mengting M, Bai Lian L, Zhan Zhongyuan Z et al.

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) contributes to persistent endodontic infections through biofilm formation, dentinal tubule invasion, and alkaline resistance, which limits the efficacy of calcium hydroxide. Metformin (Met) attenuates this resistance by interfering with bacterial metabolic adaptation. Combining Met with mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs), which possess intrinsic alkaline antibacterial activity and sustained drug-delivery capabilities, may enhance the elimination of alkaline-resistant E. faecalis and promote periapical healing. Metformin-loaded MCSNs (MCSNs-Met) were characterized for physicochemical properties, Met release, alkalinity, cytocompatibility, and dentinal tubule penetration. Antibiofilm activity against highly alkaline-resistant E. faecalis was assessed using infected dentin models. Therapeutic efficacy was further evaluated in a beagle model of E. faecalis-induced apical periodontitis using Micro-CT and histological analyses. MCSNs-Met exhibited a uniform mesoporous structure, sustained Met release and alkalinity, favorable cytocompatibility, and enhanced dentinal tubule penetration. Compared with MCSNs alone, MCSNs-Met more effectively disrupted E. faecalis biofilms and reduced viable bacterial signals. In vivo, MCSNs-Met produced the greatest reduction in periapical bone resorption, markedly decreased residual bacterial signals and inflammatory infiltration, reduced osteoclast activity, and enhanced collagen deposition and periapical tissue repair. MCSNs-Met integrates sustained Met delivery with the intrinsic alkaline and bioactive properties of calcium silicate nanoparticles, thereby enhancing control of highly alkaline-resistant E. faecalis and promoting periapical healing.

PMID 43023111
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PubMedACS omega2026-11-13

In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Kinetic Study Tool for Potassium Butyl Xanthate Industrial Production.

Dolgachev Aleksandr S AS, Martekhova Irina S IS, Nebykov Denis N DN, Shishkin Evgenii V EV

In situ FTIR spectroscopy was used for the first time to study the kinetics of the potassium butyl xanthate synthesis from butanol, carbon disulfide, and potassium hydroxide under conditions as close as possible to the industrial method. This method allowed us to obtain kinetic curves for the first time at high conversions of the starting reagents, determine the boundaries of the process kinetic region, and develop a kinetic model that takes into account not only the main reaction but also the side processes. The main reaction kinetic equation confirms the two-stage mechanism of the xanthation reaction as proposed in the literature. In the first stage, the alcoholate anion forms rapidly in equilibrium, and it adds to carbon disulfide in the second rate-limiting stage. Due to the specific mechanism of the studied process, the main reaction kinetic equation includes the concentration ratio of BuOH and H2O. The rate of potassium butyl xanthate formation directly depends on the concentrations of BuOH, CS2, and KOH and inversely depends on the concentration of H2O since the concentration of H2O reduces the butylate anion concentration. The key parameters influencing process selectivity (temperature and the BuOH:H2O molar ratio) were determined. The kinetic model demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data. The obtained results can be used to optimize the potassium butyl xanthate industrial production conditions.

PMID 43022992
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PubMedACS omega2026-11-13

Hydration Characteristics and Mechanical Property of Microfine Cement-Silica Fume Composites Modified with Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Wu Haifeng H, Shen Jianjun J, Liu Weitao W, Du Yanhui Y et al.

Cementitious composites for fractured rock reinforcement often suffer from insufficient mechanical performance, and widely used inorganic nanomodifiers are nonrenewable, which limits their application in rock stabilization engineering. To address these limitations, this study prepares a novel microfine cement-based composite (MCB) in which microfine cement serves as the primary cementitious binder, silica fume serves as the supplementary cementitious material, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) serve as the modifying additive. The combined properties of the MCB were evaluated through macroscopic and microscopic testing, supplemented by gray correlation analysis. Experimental results indicated that the specimen with 1% CNC dosage level (MCB-1%) exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance among all dosage levels. After 28 days of curing, its compressive strength increased by 53.97% compared to the unmodified specimen. The dominant failure mode was characterized by microcracking, and a dense dendritic calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel was formed within the matrix. Gray correlation analysis indicated that the correlation degree of CNC dosage levels with composite material performance was 16.44% higher than that of curing ages, demonstrating that CNC dosage levels served as the dominant factor governing the properties of the MCB. CNCs bond with the C-S-H gel through Ca-O ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. With their catalytic activity, CNCs accelerate the pozzolanic reaction between the silica fume and Ca-(OH)2 hydroxide, thereby effectively promoting additional C-S-H gel formation. Concurrently, CNCs cooperate with hydration products to construct a fiber-bridging network, which restrains crack propagation and significantly enhances the mechanical integrity of the matrix.

PMID 43022527
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PubMedBrain tumor pathology2026-11-12

A case of infant-type hemispheric glioma, ALK-altered, with a 23-year long-term follow-up.

Taomoto Ryota R, Aoki Mikiko M, Tajiri Takato T, Enomoto Toshiyuki T et al.

At 3 months of age, a tumorous lesion was detected extending from the right temporal lobe to the occipital lobe, and a craniotomy with tumor resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma (WHO2000). At 1 year and 5 months of age, a second craniotomy with tumor resection was performed for tumor recurrence, and the diagnosis was recurrent glioblastoma (WHO2000). Chemotherapy was administered for 2 years, after which the patient remained tumor-free. At age 23, following a seizure, a hemorrhagic lesion was identified within the resection cavity; however, the hematoma resolved with conservative management. No tumor recurrence was detected on imaging. Re-examination of tissue from 23 years prior revealed findings suggestive of high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma, and ganglioglioma. Immunohistochemistry showed ALK positivity, and FISH demonstrated ALK split positivity, leading to a diagnosis of infant-type hemispheric glioma, ALK-altered. This is a novel tumor type first described in the WHO CNS 5th edition (2021). Compared to high-grade glioma in older children, survival is expected to be longer, and ALK-rearranged tumors have been reported to show a relatively favorable prognosis trend, although many aspects remain unclear. We report this valuable case of infant-type hemispheric glioma, which encompasses an exceptionally long follow-up period.

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