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influenza vaccine (Agriflu / eTIV_a / Begripal)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAgriflu, eTIV_a, Begripal
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

Related Research Articles

PubMedEMBO reports2026-09-20

TRIM62 facilitates influenza A virus entry by regulating WASH-dependent endosomal trafficking.

Gupta Kajal K, Pal Sampurna S, Tyagi Arpit A, Bajaj Roohani R et al.

Endocytosis enables efficient cargo uptake while restricting uncontrolled cellular entry, yet how this balance is enforced during endocytic uptake remains poorly understood. Using influenza A virus (IAV) as a model cargo, we reveal a previously unrecognized role for the pentameric WASH complex (WASH) as a regulatory hub that integrates both permissive and inhibitory functions to control viral endocytosis. While the WASH subunits WASH1, CCDC53, SWIP, and Strumpellin collectively promote IAV entry, the FAM21 subunit acts antagonistically. Our data suggest that FAM21-mediated association of WASH with the retromer subunit VPS35 restrains the pro-endocytic activity of WASH, thereby limiting viral uptake. This inhibitory FAM21-VPS35 axis is counteracted by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM62, which maintains WASH in a retromer-free, endocytically competent state that facilitates viral internalization. Beyond IAV, the WASH1 subunit and VPS35 also exhibit opposing roles during cholera toxin B uptake, suggesting a broader function in lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Together, our findings establish WASH as a key determinant of IAV endocytosis, with TRIM62 modulating retromer-mediated restriction to facilitate productive viral entry.

PMID 42763336
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PubMedAdvances in virology2026-09-20

Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Envelope Gene of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Vaccine Strain With Currently Circulating Field Strains.

Kaje Keerthi K, Marinaik Chandranaik B CB, Gomes Amitha Reena AR, Rizwan Apsana A et al.

The present study was undertaken with the objective of performing comparative sequence analysis of the envelope (E) gene of Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) vaccine strain P9605 with the circulating field strains. The study was taken up as the currently used KFDV vaccine strain, KFDV P9605, was isolated in the 1960s. For this study, we designed two sets of primers targeting the complete amplification of the E gene of KFDV. The sequencing was performed by the Sanger method, and the deduced sequence of the vaccine virus was deposited in GenBank with accession number PX067005. This sequence obtained for the vaccine virus was aligned and compared with sequences of GenBank-deposited circulating field strains. We also performed comparative sequence analysis of the Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vaccine seed virus having passaged twice in mouse brain with the vaccine seed virus passaged six times in mouse brain to investigate whether multiple passages in mouse brain will lead to genetic mutation in the immunologically important E gene. The phylogenetic analysis revealed seven amino acid mutations in the field strains at positions A123T, S158N, D178E, D239N, A313S, M429I, and G479A when compared with the vaccine strain. We did not find any mutations at the critical fusogenic segment (residues 98-113) in the E gene of currently circulating field strains compared to the vaccine seed virus. The study found no genetic variations in the E gene of the KFD virus passed two times and passed six times in mouse brain. We performed SWISS-MODEL homology modeling, AlphaFold protein analysis, and Ramachandran plot analysis to study the E protein structures and stability. The observations made in this study suggest slow evolutionary drift and conserved structural stability of the envelope gene of KFDV ever since its emergence 7 decades ago; however, the functional implications of these amino acid substitutions need further studies on their roles in viral infectivity, transmission, and impact on immunity.

PMID 42763584
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PubMedJournal of inflammation research2026-09-20

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Modulates T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Attenuate Influenza A Virus Infection.

Jeng Po-Hsuan PH, Tsai Meng-Wei MW, Huang Shing-Hwa SH, Huang Tien-Ru TR et al.

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major threat because vaccines provide limited cross-protection and antiviral resistance is rising. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is immunomodulatory, but its effect on IAV has not been tested in vivo. We evaluated its efficacy and mechanism in a murine H1N1 model. Male C57BL/6 mice were intranasally challenged with an LD50 of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and given daily subcutaneous DMSO (0.22 g/kg/day) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on days 1-7. Survival was monitored for 21 days; lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected on day 8. Lung histology (hematoxylin and eosin), BALF cytokines (sandwich ELISA), lung and splenic IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (flow cytometry), and whole-lung RNA sequencing (differential expression, KEGG enrichment) were assessed. BALF viral burden was measured by neuraminidase activity assay and TCID50. In vitro, splenic CD8+ T cells exposed to 0%, 0.5%, or 1.0% DMSO were immunoblotted for lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3). DMSO significantly improved 21-day survival and attenuated alveolar inflammatory infiltration. Day-8 BALF viral titers were significantly lower with DMSO (mean 2.2×103 vs 4.3×104 TCID50/mL; p = 0.034), as was neuraminidase activity. BALF IFN-γ and TGF-β were elevated, whereas TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were not. IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells increased in the lung but not the spleen; CD4+ populations were unchanged. RNA sequencing showed enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt signaling and upregulation of T-box factors, PPAR-γ, and Nek kinases. In vitro, DMSO accelerated LAG3 induction in CD8+ T cells within 12-48 h. DMSO is associated with attenuated IAV severity, a lower day-8 airway viral burden, and a localized expansion of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, without a concomitant rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-1β. These associations are correlative and support further investigation of DMSO as a host-directed adjunct for influenza.

PMID 42763701
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PubMedIMA fungus2026-09-20

Reflexicalyptrales ordo nov., a distinct Agaricomycetes lineage discovered from orchid mycorrhizae.

Kinoshita Akihiko A, Fujimori Shohei S, Seto Kensuke K, Ogura-Tsujita Yuki Y et al.

Uncovering the identity of "dark fungi" is crucial for understanding fungal taxonomy, diversity, and phylogenetic relationships. Previous exploratory analysis of the mycorrhizal fungi of the partially mycoheterotrophic orchid Nervilia nipponica revealed an association with a particular group of Agaricomycetes, tentatively designated "unidentified Agaricomycetes X" (uAX). Two culture strains were successfully isolated from the mycorrhiza, which enabled the phylogenetic position of this fungus to be determined using ultrastructural and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Transmission electron microscopy observations of the two cultures of uAX revealed that the dolipore septum is associated with perforate septal pore caps (SPCs), the margins of which are reflexed outwards. This combination of characters has not previously been reported in any order of Basidiomycota. Combined phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from four loci [5.8S and 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), translation elongation factor 1-α, and RNA polymerase II second large subunit] indicate that uAX is an early-diverging clade of Agaricomycetes that cannot be accommodated in any known order of Basidiomycota. The name Reflexicalyptrales is proposed here for this new order of Basidiomycota. Furthermore, BLAST searches of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and phylogenetic analyses reveal that closely related taxa have previously been detected in soil, leaf litter, and living root samples collected at various locations worldwide. This suggests that the group is ubiquitously distributed and probably exhibits a saprotrophic lifestyle.

PMID 42763654
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PubMedIn vitro models2026-09-20

A flow cytometry-based assay system for the in vitro screening of anti-steatotic compounds.

Deshmukh Kajal K, Malladi Navya N, Banerjee Sanjay K SK

The rising prevalence of MASLD and the absence of approved therapies highlight the need for reliable, quantifiable in vitro assays to screen compounds targeting hepatic lipid accumulation. Current methods are often semi-quantitative and lack sensitivity. This study aimed to develop and validate a flow cytometry-based assay using HepG2 cells to assess lipid accumulation, a key early marker of hepatic steatosis and toxicity. Steatosis was induced using varying concentrations of oleic acid (0-800 μM) for 12-48 h. Lipid accumulation was quantified using Nile Red staining and flow cytometry. The data were compared with two other conventional methods, the absorbance/fluorescence-based and the image-based systems. The developed assay system was tested against various clinically used drugs known to have anti-hepatosteatosis properties. Compared to the conventional methods, Oleic acid-induced fat accumulation, measured by flow cytometry in the hepatocyte-specific HepG2 cell line, was observed to be dose-dependent and time-dependent, with significant lipid accumulation at 400 μM oleic acid after 24 h. The assay was validated using known anti-steatotic drugs, where Saroglitazar, Pioglitazone, Empagliflozin, and Atorvastatin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Further, the sensitivity of the assay was checked by calculating the IC₅₀ values, where Saroglitazar and Triacsin C showed IC₅₀ values of 0.16 μM and 0.15 μM, respectively. This study successfully developed a flow cytometry-based in vitro assay using HepG2 cells to screen drugs against MASLD. The present flow cytometry assay is a human cell-based and animal-free system that offers a sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput platform for evaluating anti-steatotic compounds, with clear advantages over conventional methods for early-stage drug discovery. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s44164-026-00110-4.

PMID 42763509
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PubMedThe Journal of psychology2026-09-20

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Self-Determination Theory-Based Interventions in Mental Health.

P S Sarika S, Samantaray Narendra Nath NN, B Chethan C, Kumar Ajay A

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) proposes that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness promotes psychological growth and mental health. However, previous evidence syntheses have largely examined psychopathology or well-being separately. The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of SDT-based interventions on mental health while separately examining mental illness outcomes and positive mental health (psychological functioning) within Keyes' dual-continua framework. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 experimental and quasi-experimental studies was conducted. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled intervention effects using study-level composite effect sizes for mental illness and positive mental health outcomes, while narrative synthesis summarized need-supportive intervention techniques. Moderator analyses examined participant, methodological, and intervention characteristics. SDT-based interventions demonstrated a large overall effect on mental health (g = 2.51). Separate analyses based on Keyes' dual-continua model indicated large effects for both mental illness reduction (g = 2.55) and positive mental health (psychological functioning; g = 2.48). Moderator analyses did not identify statistically significant differences according to participant, methodological, or intervention characteristics. Substantial between-study heterogeneity remained, warranting cautious interpretation of the pooled estimates. SDT-based interventions may promote holistic mental health by reducing mental illness outcomes while enhancing positive mental health (psychological functioning). Integrating these outcomes within Keyes' dual-continua model extends previous SDT evidence syntheses and highlights the potential of SDT as a theoretically grounded framework for promoting both recovery from psychological distress and positive psychological functioning.

PMID 42763427
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