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influenza vaccine (Agriflu / eTIV_a / Begripal)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAgriflu, eTIV_a, Begripal
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

Related Research Articles

PubMedAMB Express2026-11-12

Stable surface display of a conserved influenza mini-HA antigen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for oral delivery.

Zhang Yu Y, Zhi Xiaoying X, Guo Zeliang Z, Xu Wenqi W et al.

Yeast surface display is a versatile microbial engineering strategy for recombinant protein presentation and oral antigen delivery. In this study, a conserved influenza hemagglutinin stem antigen (mini-HA) was displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the feasibility and stability of a yeast-based oral delivery system. A rationally engineered mini-HA derived from influenza A H1N1 was anchored to the yeast cell surface using the Aga1p-Aga2p display system. Efficient surface localization was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The displayed antigen remained stably anchored following exposure to simulated gastric fluid and after heat inactivation at 60 °C, indicating favorable stability of the yeast surface display system under acidic and thermal stress conditions. Oral administration of the engineered yeast induced antigen-specific systemic IgG and mucosal secretory IgA responses in mice. In addition, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and increased expression of IFN-γ and T-bet were observed, suggesting activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. No significant adverse effects on body weight, serum biochemical parameters, or tissue histopathology were detected. These findings support the feasibility of using S. cerevisiae surface display for stable presentation and oral delivery of a conserved influenza antigen. The favorable stability and immunogenicity of the system support further development of yeast-based recombinant antigen delivery platforms.

PMID 43015508
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PubMedJournal of medicinal chemistry2026-11-12

Rationally Designed TLR2-QS-21 Liposomal Adjuvant Enhances Immunogenicity while Reducing Reactogenicity in Subunit Vaccines.

Ma Wei W, Tang Renpeng R, Wang Hong H, Jia Hongbin H et al.

Potent vaccine adjuvants often link strong adaptive immunity with excessive inflammation. Here, we developed BQS01, a liposomal adjuvant that replaces the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) with a synthetic TLR2 agonist (BXY-14) while retaining QS-21. BQS01 induced a TLR2-associated transcriptional profile, enhanced dendritic cell activation and T-cell priming, and was associated with increased IL-10 production. In ovalbumin and varicella-zoster virus mouse models, BQS01 generated antibody responses comparable to an AS01b-like MPL/QS-21 comparator and durable polyfunctional cellular immunity, while reducing systemic weight loss, local inflammation, and TNF-α accumulation. These findings suggest that innate signaling architecture, rather than inflammatory magnitude alone, contributes to adjuvant performance and may guide the design of next-generation vaccines with an improved immunogenicity-reactogenicity balance.

PMID 43018625
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PubMedJournal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada2026-11-12

Correlation of seasonal influenza rates with hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile rates: Implications for research and interventions for prevention.

Faris Peter P, Leal Jenine J, Lamont Nicole N, Ocampo Wrechelle W et al.

Hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (HA-CDI) rate variability can create challenges for assessing interventions that might improve rates. We therefore sought to assess whether seasonal trends in HA-CDI could be related to influenza rates by examining the sensitivity and applicability of statistical methods that identify seasonal trend associations. We assessed HA-CDI rates per 10,000 patient-days and influenza hospitalizations per 1,000 admissions in four acute care facilities from January 2016 to December 2018. Four statistical approaches were used in R (4.5.1) including (1) autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA); (2) cross-correlation to assess if dependencies lagged over time; (3) Poisson harmonic regression to model cyclical trends; and (4) Poisson harmonic regression models including influenza rates. ARIMA approaches did not detect seasonality in HA-CDI rates, but found strong seasonality in the influenza rates, whereas cross-correlation analysis found evidence of correlation between the series at a lag of zero (R = 0.41, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.65) and provided an indication of a seasonal relationship. Poisson harmonic regression for trends suggested that influenza rates predicted CDI rates (p < 0.01), whilst Poisson harmonic regression identified evidence of seasonality in HA-CDI rates (p < 0.05) and influenza rates (p < 0.001). Poisson harmonic regression provided a sensitive means of identifying seasonality in HA-CDI rates with the seasonality effect being accounted for by influenza admission rates, which may be mediated by inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. This observation may be useful in interpreting future interventions to reduce HA-CDI.

PMID 43017685
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PubMedBiochemistry and biophysics reports2026-11-12

Structure-based binding pocket conservation analysis identifies 9-OH urolithin dehydroxylase candidates across phylogenetically diverse bacteria.

Piroozmand Firoozeh F, Kaushik Rahul R, Kawashima Hitoshi H, Yamaguchi Tatsuo T et al.

Urolithins are polyphenolic compounds produced by gut microbiota from dietary ellagitannins and ellagic acid, with urolithin A being the most bioactive and associated with a range of pharmaceutical activities like anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these benefits, the number of known urolithin A-producing bacteria and their corresponding enzymes is very limited. In this study, we combined conventional sequence-based homology search with structural modeling to identify novel bacteria potentially harboring 9-OH urolithin dehydroxylases, primarily characterized in the Enterocloster genus, that catalyze a key dehydroxylation step essential for urolithin A production. Using three Enterocloster references, a sequence database search coupled with subunit co-occurrence screening was performed. AlphaFold 3 was then employed to model the three-dimensional structures of the candidate multi-subunit complexes. Based on these models, comparative analysis was conducted to screen for candidate enzymes that share closely conserved three-dimensional structural characteristics and conserved core residue architectures within their active-site pockets. The resulting non-Enterocloster candidates, including Aromatoleum sp. and Dehalobacter restrictus, exhibited high predicted functional similarity to the reference enzymes based on conserved binding pocket architectures. This study demonstrates that binding pocket structural signatures help the identification of novel potential urolithin dehydroxylases and previously unrecognized urolithin A-producing bacteria.

PMID 43017136
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PubMedFood & function2026-11-12

Selenium-containing egg white peptides protect against estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in mice: regulation of bone metabolism and gut microbiota.

Peng Wandi W, Zhang Hongyu H, Wang Da D, Cao Xiangheng X et al.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is driven by estrogen deficiency and remains a major challenge for long-term nutritional management. Here, we developed selenium-containing egg white peptides (SeP) and directly compared their osteoprotective effects with those of non-selenium egg white peptides (nSeP). Firstly, enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized using selenium retention and the degree of hydrolysis as complementary criteria. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, SeP increased femoral bone mineral density by 28.0% relative to OVX controls (p < 0.05) and markedly improved trabecular architecture and bone strength, whereas nSeP showed substantially weaker effects. Notably, SeP primarily suppressed OVX-induced osteoclastogenic responses, including HTR1B, RANKL, and CTSK (p < 0.05), rather than promoting osteoclast-related protein activities (p > 0.05). In parallel, SeP induced a distinct gut microbial profile enriched in Lachnospiraceae-related taxa and Turicibacter. These findings demonstrate added functional value conferred by selenium enrichment and support SeP as a promising food-derived strategy for maintaining bone health after estrogen loss.

PMID 43018250
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PubMedJournal of health communication2026-11-12

The Persuadable Middle-A Target for Increasing Routine Childhood Vaccine Confidence Among Parents in North Carolina.

Cooper Karolyn K, Wyss Natalie N, Meadows Beth B, Myers Jenny J et al.

National childhood vaccination rates in the United States have declined in recent years, a trend exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and linked to the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. At the state level, North Carolina maintains strong baseline coverage but increasing numbers of religious exemptions and provisionally enrolled or non-compliant primary and secondary school students points to emerging vulnerabilities in the state's immunization framework.Against this backdrop, this study investigates how parental vaccine confidence, provider practices, and policy environments intersect to influence childhood immunization in North Carolina. It examines how parental beliefs and behaviors correspond-or conflict-with provider experiences, and how provider adaptability, school mandates, and message framing can be aligned to build confidence and improve vaccination uptake.Drawing on a statewide survey of 753 parents and a focus group of 176 immunization providers, this study identifies a "persuadable middle" of parents who are motivated by child protection, open to vaccination, but remain uncertain. Findings reveal that trust, transparent communication, and respectful engagement are essential for fostering confidence, especially when parents value both autonomy and provider guidance.The study proposes a framework for strengthening vaccine uptake by aligning provider communication with parental expectations, emphasizing shared goals, and viewing mandates as opportunities for engagement. Findings support the development of trust-based, relationship-driven strategies designed to reach and motivate persuadable parents.

PMID 43018256
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