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influenza vaccine

✓ Approved

Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyCadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Therapeutic Indications

influenza vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsInfluenza✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedIrish medical journal2026-08-25

Influenza Vaccine Uptake and Parental Attitudes Following School-Located Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Two Rural Primary Schools.

Kilgarriff D D, Townley E E

To evaluate whether school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) improves uptake and to assess parental attitudes in two primary schools. A post-season questionnaire was distributed to parents following GP-led SLIV clinics in 2024/25 assessing uptake, reasons for non-vaccination and attitudes using 5-point Likert scales and free-text responses. 66 of 67 responses (98.5%) were analysed. The survey was issued to 201 eligible schoolchildren across two rural primary schools. There were 66 responses (33%). Of respondents, 32 (48.5%) children were vaccinated; 22 (33%) in school and 10 (15%) elsewhere. Parents rated clarity of information regarding vaccination highly, with 52 (80%) reporting information received as clear or very clear. Parents were more likely to vaccinate when SLIV was available, with 34 (52%) reporting that they were likely or very likely to vaccinate, rising to 29 (91%) among those vaccinated this year. The most common reasons for declining were belief the vaccine was unnecessary (21/34, 62%) and safety concerns (9/34, 26%). SLIV improved uptake relative to national and local averages and was generally well received. Attitudinal barriers, especially perceptions of low necessity and safety concerns, remain the primary obstacles. Expanding SLIV alongside stronger public health messaging may offer a scalable strategy to increase uptake.

PMID 42640173
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PubMedOpen forum infectious diseases2026-08-25

Oseltamivir for Treatment of Influenza Among Outpatient Veterans: Target Trial Emulation.

Yan Lei L, Li Yuli Y, Vergun Robert R, Rajeevan Nallakkandi N et al.

The effectiveness of oseltamivir for the treatment of nonsevere influenza in preventing progression to severe illness is uncertain. In a target trial emulation of veterans who presented to emergency departments in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and tested positive for influenza between 1 October 2022-31 January 2023, or 1 December 2023-31 March 2024, we compared treatment with oseltamivir versus no antiviral treatment within 6 hours of a positive influenza test. Following inverse probability of treatment weighting, we calculated cumulative incidence, risk differences (RDs), and risk ratios (RR) for hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission at 10 days and death at 30 days. Among 28 920 veterans, 25 025 (87%) were male with median age 61 (45-72) years. Oseltamivir-treated patients had a lower risk of hospitalization (3.81% vs 6.96%; RD, -3.15% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -3.70% to -2.60%]; RR, 0.55 [CI, .49-.61]) and ICU admission (0.65% vs 1.38%; RD, -0.73% [CI, -.98% to -.48%]; RR, 0.47 [CI, .35-.62]) than untreated persons. The largest absolute risk reductions in hospitalization occurred in patients ≥65 years (RD, -5.21% [CI, -6.39% to -4.04%]) and among those prescribed treatment within 3 hours of testing positive (RD, -5.77% [CI, -6.54% to -5.00%]). Overall incidence of death was similar between groups (RD, 0.10% [CI -.07%-.27%]). Oseltamivir reduced the risk of hospitalization and ICU admission but not death. Substantial reductions in hospitalization risk were observed in older adults and patients prescribed treatment within 3 hours of diagnosis.

PMID 42639473
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PubMedMicrobiologyOpen2026-08-25

The Involvement of the Cryptococcal Yeast Kexin Protease in the Proteolytic Activation of the Uncleaved Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Glycoprotein.

Ntshangase Nolwazi F NF, Mdana Khwezi K, Mjokane Nozethu N, Zyl Winschau F van WFV et al.

Infectious diseases typically involve a single pathogen harming its host. However, in clinical settings, co-infections also occur. This study investigated the potential interaction between Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans and influenza virus by assessing whether the cryptococcal yeast kexin protease (Kex2p) could activate the uncleaved hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Protein-protein docking was performed using HADDOCK and independently validated using AlphaFold3. 6x His-tagged truncated KEX2 gene was expressed in E. coli BL 21 (DE3), and the recombinant protein was purified using nickel ion affinity chromatography. Successful protein production was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, anti-His immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry. Recombinant Kex2p was evaluated in a biochemical peptide cleavage assay using a fluorogenic 12-mer peptide mimicking the hemagglutinin HA1/HA2 site as substrate, with furin serving as the reference protease. HADDOCK predicted favorable binding of Kex2p to hemagglutinin (HADDOCK score = -119.2 ± 8.7; RMSD = 1.1 ± 0.2 Å), comparable to the furin-hemagglutinin complex (HADDOCK score = -115.9 ± 5.7; RMSD = 2.1 ± 1.3 Å). AlphaFold 3 independently reproduced the HADDOCK-predicted binding orientations, yielding moderate-confidence complexes for hemagglutinin-furin (ipTM = 0.50, pTM = 0.56; RMSD = 3.634 Å) and hemagglutinin-Kex2p (ipTM = 0.41, pTM = 0.58; RMSD = 3.243 Å). In enzymatic assays, recombinant Kex2p exhibited a significantly higher Vmax than furin (p = 0.0411), indicating greater catalytic activity toward the hemagglutinin cleavage peptide. These findings provide the first biochemical and complementary computational evidence that C. neoformans Kex2p may recognize influenza hemagglutinin, supporting its potential role in hemagglutinin activation during cryptococcal-influenza co-infection.

PMID 42638388
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PubMedScientific reports2026-08-25

High-throughput in silico multi-epitope reverse vaccine design against hydatidosis.

Skhal Dania D, Al Nahhas Samar S, Skhal Osama O, Abbady Abdul Qader AQ

The Middle East is a significant hotspot for human hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, a complex multi-stage pathogen exhibiting antigenic variation with diverse epitopes. Multi-epitope vaccines, designed using immunoinformatics, represent a promising approach to effectively control this challenging parasite. A total of 1150 secreted, non-toxic, antigenic proteins were obtained from database and analyzed for their immunogenic potential, leading to the identification of 1024 CTL, 80 HTL, and 172 LBL prioritized epitopes, which were then ranked and clustered to prefer the most immunogenicity epitopes to include in novel vaccine construct. The chosen Construct (Con2) was modified for dual-plasmid insertion, facilitating the expression of three different vaccine constructs which were predicted by C-ImmSim to stimulate robust IFN-γ/IL-2 production and enhance IgM/IgG antibody secretion. Utilizing in silico, next-generation vaccine design, we propose several vaccine candidates that warrant further validation through in vitro laboratory testing and in vivo studies to assess their immunological efficacy.

PMID 42637785
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PubMedJournal of medical virology2026-08-25

Enhanced Immunogenicity and Cross-Neutralizing Activity of a Trivalent Adenoviral Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Mice.

Li Jianhua J, Song Wanchen W, Li Jiaxuan J, Peng Ruofan R et al.

The emergence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has reduced the efficacy of existing vaccines, highlighting the need for multivalent vaccines with broader neutralizing capacity. We developed a trivalent adenoviral vector-based vaccine (Ad5-CoV19-prototype/Delta/BF.7) encoding the spike proteins of the ancestral strain, Delta variant, and Omicron BF.7 strain, and evaluated its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Four- to 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with 10 µg of monovalent or trivalent vaccines using single-dose or two-dose (2-week interval) regimens. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against the ancestral strain, Omicron BA.5, and XBB.1.5, as well as IFN-γ+ T-cell responses, were measured. The trivalent vaccine elicited significantly higher nAb titers against the ancestral strain (GMT 2183.6 at week 8) and Omicron subvariants (BA.5: GMT 680.0; XBB.1.5: GMT 161.3) after two doses compared to monovalent vaccines. Two doses also enhanced IFN-γ+ CD8+ T-cell responses (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that the trivalent vaccine induces enhanced immunogenicity and cross-neutralizing activity, including improved cross-neutralizing antibody titers and IFN-γ+ T-cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to monovalent formulations. These findings suggest potential for broader immune coverage against antigenically drifted variants, although protective efficacy remains to be confirmed in viral challenge models and further clinical evaluation.

PMID 42639828
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PubMedFrontiers in tuberculosis2026-08-25

A Mycobacterium tuberculosis rare variable antigen vaccine reduces lung pathology in hypersusceptible SP140-/- mice.

Howard Zachary P ZP, Mohapatra Alexander A, Zheng Weihao W, Ernst Joel D JD

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death globally due to a single infectious agent. Currently, no licensed vaccine protects against pulmonary tuberculosis, the primary adult disease caused by Mtb infection. CD4 T cells are essential in protection against Mtb infection and inducing a protective CD4 T cell response remains the goal of most Mtb vaccines currently in testing. However, in contrast to other pathogens, most Mtb T cell epitopes do not exhibit sequence variation, suggesting that T cell recognition does not drive selection of escape mutants. We discovered hypothetical Mtb antigens that do exhibit sequence diversity within human T cell epitopes and tested the impact of vaccination with these rare variable antigens (RVMA) using a DNA vaccine platform. We found vaccination with RVMA significantly alters the immune response to Mtb infection in both C57BL/6 and hypersusceptible SP140‒/‒ mice without reducing lung bacterial burdens. RVMA vaccination of hypersusceptible SP140‒/‒ animals prevented necrosis and altered the lesion composition reducing tissue damage and increasing CD4 T cell distribution. Reductions in pathology were associated with increases in RORγt-expressing CD4 T cells and decreases in monocyte-derived cells in the lungs prior to the development of necrotic lesions, and were independent of B cells. These results suggest T cell responses to certain antigens may be involved in preventing pathology without significantly changing bacterial burdens and indicate that these antigens can be efficacious in Prevention of Disease TB vaccines.

PMID 42638779
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