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filgrastim (long-acting)

✓ Approved

Win Medica · CSF3R · Recombinant Proteins

What is filgrastim (long-acting)?

filgrastim (long-acting) is a recombinant proteins developed by Win Medica. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

CompanyWin Medica
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetCSF3R
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Win Medica

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

filgrastim (long-acting) acts on 1 molecular target:

CSF3Rcolony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CD114, GCSFR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

filgrastim (long-acting) is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersBone marrow disorder✓ Approved

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Currently, numerous short-acting formulations are prescribed to patients to administer various therapeutics, which requires repetition of dosage, that may lead to poor patient compliance. Long-acting injectables are such kind of controlled or sustained-release novel formulation that can be fabricated to deliver the active ingredients into the target area for a prolonged time, lasting days, weeks, or months after administration. Alginate-based long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations are comparatively new in the market. Alginate is a natural polymer and a polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed and some special bacteria. The biocompatibility and biodegradability play an important role in long-acting injectable formulations. As a result, alginate-based LAIs may offer good biocompatibility and provide prolonged drug release, depending on the formulation design and drug release characteristics. Using the latest technology in LAIs can also control the immediate burst release of the active ingredients so that unwanted effects can be reduced. Relevant articles were taken from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering studies published between 2000 and 2026. This review will focus on various latest technologies for the preparation of alginate-based LAIs and their mechanistic release profiles, and lastly, the applications and challenges toward the biomedical field will also be discussed.

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Teriparatide, the only FDA-approved osteoanabolic drug for osteoporosis, suffers from poor metabolic stability and requires frequent subcutaneous injections, leading to suboptimal patient compliance. To find optimized teriparatide derivatives, we herein report an iterative peptide scanning strategy followed by a serine/threonine ligation (STL) chemistry for site-specific modifications. Using our 2-hydroxyphenol-pseudoproline (ψ2-hydroxyphenolpro) modification (HPM) method, two series of teriparatide analogues with different types of substituents were successfully prepared for scanning the modifiable sites and their expansibility. Through chemoselective acylation of embedded serine/threonine residues, several fatty acids of unequal lengths were introduced to further improve the pharmacokinetic properties of scanning derivatives. Among the 12 lipidated analogues, 54, 55, 62, and 63 exhibited potent antiosteoporotic activities in vitro and in vivo close to those of native teriparatide. The most effective compound, 62, also demonstrated significantly enhanced serum stability and may serve as a promising candidate for further development of long-acting antiosteoporotic pharmaceuticals.

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Early-life conditions can shape molecular ageing processes, yet to what extent developmental variation in telomere length (TL) influences ageing trajectories remains unclear, particularly in long-lived mammals. We investigated how early-life environmental conditions and maternal age relate to juvenile TL and short-term survival in two long-lived bat species, Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. Using novel long-term datasets spanning 10 years in M. myotis and 5 years in R. ferrumequinum, we measured relative TL (rTL) in juvenile wing tissue and applied sliding window analysis to identify sensitive climatic periods during development. In both species, early-life rTL varied significantly among years and was associated with short-term climatic conditions, with rainfall associated with rTL in both species and temperature acting in opposing directions: a positive quadratic relationship in M. myotis and longer rTL at intermediate temperatures in R. ferrumequinum. Maternal age at conception showed little association with offspring TL in either species, although a weak positive sex-specific longitudinal effect was detected in R. ferrumequinum. Despite clear environmental influences on early-life rTL, we found no evidence that early-life rTL or early-life telomere change predicted short-term survival. Together, these results indicate that early-life telomere variation in bats reflects climatic conditions during development, providing novel insights into how early-life exposures could contribute to interindividual differences in ageing trajectories in long-lived mammals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developmental circuits in ageing'.

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Ma Zhenzhen Z, Starr Alexander L AL, Gokhman David D, Fraser Hunter B HB

The vast collection of human-specific traits-such as our unique morphology, cognition, behavior, and diseases-has long been attributed to gene expression divergence between us and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. Theory suggests that changes to cis-regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers may drive evolutionary adaptation, and DNA methylation is a key factor in transcriptional cis-regulation. However, we still lack an understanding of (1) how species-specific methylation patterns arise; (2) their downstream effects; and (3) whether they are a common target of natural selection. In this study, we investigated these three questions. By combining a novel hypothesis testing framework with DNA methylation data from six human and chimpanzee cell types, as well as fused interspecies hybrid cells, we disentangled cis- vs. trans-acting methylation divergence across the genome. Across cell types, we found that methylation divergence is primarily driven in cis, which can be linked in some cases to nearby sequence variants such as CpG gains and losses. Although less common, regions with trans-acting methylation divergence were enriched for specific transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, suggesting a role of TFs such as FOXM1 in these differences. Having established these causes of methylation divergence, we then examined the functional consequences of differential methylation. Although methylation lacks a consistent relationship with transcription, we observed that associations between methylation and gene expression are stronger for genes with cis-regulatory divergence. Moreover, we identified lineage-specific selection shaping promoter methylation at the level of entire pathways, including those associated with human-specific traits such as speech, cognition, and susceptibility to infection with hepatitis C. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanistic framework suggesting that DNA methylation may occupy a key position, mediating the effects of both cis- and trans-acting factors on transcriptional networks, including those contributing to human-specific traits.

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Xiong Junhao J, Zhang Shasha S, Cheng Kang K, Sheng Yuanzhe Y et al.

Hypertension remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet current therapeutic strategies lack sustained efficacy and long-term stability. Our study aimed to construct a humanized rodent model for drugs development especially currently prevalent small interfering RNA medication. A humanized hypertensive mouse model was generated by subcutaneous injection of neonatal mice with adeno-associated viruses encoding hAGT (human angiotensinogen) and hRENIN (human renin). Blood pressure was monitored weekly via tail-cuff plethysmography. Expression of hAGT and hRENIN was assessed by ELISA, Western blot, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 4 and 6 months postinjection. Hypertension-associated comorbidities were examined through histological analysis and ELISA. A modified N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated small interfering RNA targeting human hepatic AGT (GalNAc-siAGT) was screened and subcutaneously administered to humanized hypertensive mice, either alone or in combination with valsartan, to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. The dual adeno-associated virus-induced humanized hypertensive model exhibited a sustained hypertension for 6 months and manifested prevalent comorbidities, including heart failure and kidney disease. This modified GalNAc-siAGT demonstrated significant activity in knocking down hAGT both in vitro and in vivo. Only a single subcutaneous injection of GalNAc-siAGT in humanized hypertensive mice led to a sustained reduction in blood pressure lasting for 2 months, accompanied by cardio- and renoprotective effects. Moreover, combining GalNAc-siAGT with the renin-angiotensin system blocker, valsartan, significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Our study validated the antihypertensive therapeutic effect of GalNAc-siAGT in a humanized hypertensive murine model while highlighting the translational potential of this model for clinical drug development.

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