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octreotide acetate (OOA / oral octreotide / Octreolin)

✓ Approved

Chiasma, Inc. · SSTR2 · Small Molecule

What is octreotide acetate?

octreotide acetate is a small molecule developed by Chiasma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesOOA, oral octreotide, Octreolin
CompanyChiasma, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule, Polypeptide
Molecular TargetSSTR2, SSTR5
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chiasma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

octreotide acetate acts on 2 molecular targets:

SSTR2somatostatin receptor 2 (SST2)
SSTR5somatostatin receptor 5 (SST5, SS-5-R)
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Therapeutic Indications

octreotide acetate is developed for 6 unique indications across 4 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersAcromegaly✓ Approved
Endocrine disordersCarcinoid syndromePhase II
Hepatobiliary disordersPortal hypertensionPhase II
Vascular disordersHypertensionPhase I
Gastrointestinal disordersPancreatitisPhase I

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Related Research Articles

PubMedJDS communications2026-11-12

Effects of increasing acetate, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyrate on expression of lipogenic genes in bovine mammary epithelial cell culture.

Haile Abiel A, Harvatine Kevin J KJ

Acetate and butyrate are the main lipogenic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). β-Hydroxybutyrate is synthesized primarily from butyrate and can also serve as a substrate for mammary de novo fatty acid synthesis. Acetate supplementation in vivo increases milk fat yield, but the direct effects of SCFA and BHB on transcriptional regulation of lipid synthesis in mammary epithelial cells remain unclear. This study was designed to specifically evaluate the direct effects of increasing sodium butyrate, sodium acetate, and BHB on lipogenic gene expression in mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Cells were treated for 24 h with 0, 4, 8, or 12 mM of each, and expression of the ACSS2, ACACA, FASN, SCD1, INSIG1, and SREBF1C genes were analyzed. Butyrate increased lipogenic genes to the greatest extent, with a dramatic increase in SREBF1c (>14-fold at 12 mM), FASN, ACACA, and SCD1. Sodium acetate had modest effects, increasing ACSS2 and SCD1 expression without broad activation of other lipogenic genes. However, BHB increased FASN (∼16-fold at 8 mM) but had minimal effects on SREBF1c, INSIG1, or SCD1. We found that BHB also increased PPARG and FABP3, which was not observed with acetate or butyrate. In summary, butyrate strongly increased expression of mammary lipogenic genes, consistent with both its role as a preferred primer for fatty acid synthesis and reported HDAC-inhibitory activity. Acetate and BHB exerted more limited, pathway-specific responses, underscoring potentially distinct mechanisms of SCFA-mediated regulation of expression of lipid metabolism enzymes in the mammary gland. Future work will be needed to determine the functional roles on the rate of lipid synthesis.

PMID 43016487
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PubMedDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2026-11-12

Acetate-assisted Na modification of (NH4)2V6O16 cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion storage.

Chen Juntong J, Yang Qing Q, Shu Kaikai K, Tian Xiaodong X et al.

Layered vanadium-based compounds are considered ideal positive electrode materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity. Nevertheless, the high charge density of Zn2+ induces sluggish diffusion kinetics, and the vanadium-oxygen layers are prone to collapse over the course of cycling, thereby severely impeding their practical utilization. In this study, a series of sodium-modified (NH4)2V6O16 cathode materials were synthesized via a sodium acetate-assisted hydrothermal method to modulate the structural and surface chemical environment of the layered vanadate. Structural and compositional characterization results further indicate that the Na-modified samples retain the host crystal phase of ammonium vanadate and comparable V-O framework vibrational characteristics, while the surface oxygen chemical environment and vanadium valence state distribution are modified, with the V4+/V5+ ratio increasing from 0.18 in pristine NVO to 0.34 in NVONa-2. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the charge transfer resistance of NVONa-2 decreases from 43.5 Ω for NVO to 10.3 Ω, and GITT results further confirm improved Zn2+ diffusion kinetics. The optimized NVONa-2 electrode retains a specific discharge capacity of 219.5 mAh g-1 after 3400 cycles at 5 A g-1, corresponding to a capacity retention of 99.9% calculated relative to the initial specific discharge capacity. These results collectively demonstrate that sodium acetate-assisted precursor composition regulation yields Na-modified ammonium vanadate cathode materials with favorable interfacial charge transfer and Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, achieving superior high-rate long-cycle performance, and thus providing an effective strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

PMID 43018430
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PubMedCureus2026-11-12

Current Approaches to the Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome.

Rosales César A CA

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening complication of advanced cirrhosis that requires early recognition, treatment of precipitating factors, and coordinated transplant assessment. This narrative review examines pharmacological treatment, fluid management, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and liver transplantation in adults, with emphasis on HRS with acute kidney injury (AKI). Contemporary diagnostic criteria recognize that hepatorenal physiology can coexist with tubular injury or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and discourage a routine 48-hour albumin challenge. Clinical assessment should integrate perfusion, oxygenation, and congestion, with ultrasound used as an adjunct when available. Terlipressin with individualized albumin improves renal reversal in suitable patients, but a consistent overall survival benefit has not been established, and respiratory failure remains a major safety concern. Norepinephrine is an important alternative where appropriate monitoring is available; midodrine with octreotide has a limited fallback role. Albumin dosing should reflect serial volume assessment rather than a serum albumin target. Kidney replacement therapy supports patients with metabolic or volume complications, while evidence for routine shunt placement in acute HRS remains insufficient. Liver transplantation addresses the underlying disease, although kidney recovery is variable. Biomarkers may assist clinical phenotyping, but their use to guide treatment requires prospective validation. The review emphasizes timely diagnosis, individualized treatment, and distinguishing renal recovery from survival.

PMID 43017192
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-11-12

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated gut breast crosstalk in breast cancer: integrative network analysis of molecular signaling, immune infiltration and prognostic biomarkers.

Aziz Tariq T, Alahmari Layla A LA, Siddig Nawal H NH, Almsaud Mai M MM et al.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy in which metabolic dysregulation, immune remodelling, and complex host microbiota interactions contribute to disease progression and therapeutic response. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, may act as important molecular mediators linking the gut microbiome to systemic immune and tumor-associated signalling. However, the molecular networks through which SCFA-mediated signalling may influence breast cancer progression and the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying the gut-breast axis by integrating SCFA host interaction networks in breast cancer transcriptomic, prognostic, immune infiltration, and drug gene interaction analyses. The SCFA-host interactome was constructed from the combination of HMDB and PubChem data in a protein-protein interaction network. The identification of hub genes was conducted through topological analysis, followed by validation using TCGA-BRCA RNA-seq data, Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis, TIMER2.0 immune analysis, and DGIdb repurposing analysis. The findings indicated that the genes STAT3, HIF1A, and IL6 served as key nodes connecting SCFA signalling and cancer formation. Selected SCFAs, such as propionate, have direct experimental evidence of involvement in the modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in breast cancer models, while butyrate has been associated with several breast cancer-related signalling and epigenetic mechanisms. Associations were most strongly identified in acetate which was mainly related to metabolic and immune regulatory pathways. This computational analysis did not give a quantitative ranking of the strength of interaction between SCFA and hub genes. In exploratory survival analysis without multiple-testing correction, increased STAT3 and HIF1A expression was associated with unfavourable relapse-free survival. SCFA-associated immune targets showed positive correlations with CD8+ T-cell infiltration. This study identifies the SCFA-host interactome as an essential regulatory network in breast cancer. Uncovering metabolic and signalling chokepoints such as STAT3 leads to the discovery of new biomarkers for prognosis and drug targets. This highlights the possibility of exploiting the gut-breast axis to increase immune cell penetration.

PMID 43016947
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PubMedThe journal of physical chemistry. A2026-11-12

Physical Origins of Anion Recognition in Rationally Designed Receptors: Balancing Interaction Energy and Drug Score.

Souza Yasmin Aparecida da Silva YADS, Damante João Vítor de Jesus JVJ, Orenha Henrique Pereira HP, Parreira Renato Luis Tame RLT et al.

The rational design of synthetic anion receptors requires a detailed understanding of how different noncovalent interactions govern molecular recognition while maintaining physicochemical properties compatible with biological applications. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the recognition of biologically relevant anions (acetate, chloride, and dihydrogen phosphate) by seven structurally distinct receptors. The analyses reveal that classical N-H···anion hydrogen bonds constitute the dominant contribution to the calculated interaction energy, whereas halogen bonding, C-H···anion contacts, and anion-π interactions provide secondary or cooperative stabilization depending on the receptor architecture. Complementary in silico ADMET, drug score, and toxicity analyses, integrated through a composite multicriteria ranking, identify receptor 7 as the system that best combines strong anion-binding affinities, predominantly arising from classical N-H···anion hydrogen bonding, with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, full compliance with Lipinski's criteria, and the absence of predicted mutagenic, tumorigenic, irritant, or reproductive risks. These findings establish quantitative relationships linking electronic structure, noncovalent interaction mechanisms, and pharmacological descriptors, providing mechanistic principles for the rational design of supramolecular receptors for biologically relevant anions. The transport ability of these receptors was not evaluated and would require experimental validation.

PMID 43018370
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PubMedThe Journal of organic chemistry2026-11-12

Charge-Separated Anion Pairs: The Rationale, the Application in Selective Activation of Trimethoxysilane and Controlled Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes.

Qu Chuang C, Yang Jiaqi J, Xue Leipeng L, Li Lin L et al.

Direct conversion of both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes is realized. Using carboxylate bearing bulky ammonium counter cations such as tetrabutylammonium (TBA) acetate as the activating reagent to activate trimethoxysilane, aromatic carboxylic acids can be converted to the corresponding aldehydes in good yield and excellent chemoselectivity. Using tetrafluoroborate bearing bulky ammonium counter cations such as TBABF4 as the activating reagent and pyridine derivative such as 1-(pyridine-4-yl)piperidine (PPDP) as an additive, conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes also proceeds with good yields and excellent chemoselectivity. The nucleophilicity of the carboxylate or tetrafluoroborate anions can be regulated by changing the size of the counter cation, and the interaction of such anions with hydrosilane leads to the controlled activation of the latter. In such a way, the progress of the reactions can be controlled to ensure the chemoselective conversion of carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes. In addition to excellent functional group tolerance, the method is easy to operate; requires only easily available reagents; and is suitable for aromatic, α,β-unsaturated, and aliphatic carboxylic acids. Preliminary NMR experiments suggest that reaction of aromatic acids with the activated hydrosilane gives the corresponding silyl esters that can be reduced to the desired aldehydes by the activated hydrosilane.

PMID 43016061
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