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lidocaine hydrochloride (3268 / lignocaine, Anesiva / ALGRX 3268)

✓ Approved

Marathon Pharmaceuticals · SCN9A · Small Molecule

What is lidocaine hydrochloride?

lidocaine hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Marathon Pharmaceuticals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intradermal injection.

Drug Profile

Brand Names3268, lignocaine, Anesiva, ALGRX 3268
CompanyMarathon Pharmaceuticals
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN9A
RouteInjectable (Others), Intradermal Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Marathon Pharmaceuticals

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

lidocaine hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN9Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (SFNP, GEFSP7)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

lidocaine hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2026-09-19

A decade of decline and regional disparity: Trends and associated factors in use of ritodrine hydrochloride for threatened preterm labor in Japan, a nationwide ecological study.

Yorozu Kazuma K, Hinotsu Shiro S, Matsuura Motoki M, Someya Masayuki M et al.

Ritodrine hydrochloride is a commonly used tocolytic agent for threatened preterm labor in Japan, despite its serious adverse events and limited use in many other countries. National obstetric guidelines have shifted toward restricting its use, but the evidence-practice gap remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine usage trends for ritodrine at nationwide and prefectural levels and identify factors associated with usage. We conducted an ecological study linking nationwide aggregated medical claims data and statistical survey records across all 47 prefectures. We investigated 10-year trends in ritodrine use from fiscal year (FY) 2014 to 2023. Choropleth maps and spatial statistics illustrated geographic relationships among neighboring prefectures. We also conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with ritodrine injection use. The usage rate of ritodrine injection per 1000 deliveries decreased by more than 45% over 10 years. Joinpoint regression analysis identified FY2017 as a turning point, after which the decline accelerated. However, prefectural usage varied up to 13.58-fold, with spatial clustering of high-use regions. Factors associated with injection usage included the density of Perinatal Medical Centers (PMCs), hospital admissions for threatened preterm labor and preterm birth per 1000 deliveries, and the proportion of hospitals among delivery facilities. This study showed that nationwide use of ritodrine injection decreased by half over a decade, along with regional disparities among prefectures in Japan. These variations might reflect localized treatment policies influenced by differences in healthcare resources and geographical accessibility.

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PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-09-19

Severe anaphylactic shock suspectedly induced by injection of recombinant humanized type III collagen lyophilized fiber for facial skin improvement: a case report.

Liu Junjie J, Yan Wenjing W, Liu Jing J, Yang Bowen B et al.

Recombinant humanized type III collagen is widely used in facial rejuvenation due to its excellent biocompatibility and overall favorable safety profile; however, severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions are exceedingly rare. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman with no prior history of allergy who received topical lidocaine to the face, followed by injection of recombinant humanized type III collagen lyophilized fibers for skin texture improvement. Immediately after the injection, she developed suspectedly severe anaphylactic shock temporally associated with the recombinant collagen injectionpresenting with confusion, respiratory distress, followed by marked bradycardia (33 beats/min), and loss of palpable arterial pulse. Emergency protocols were activated immediately, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intravenous adrenaline, corticosteroids, and fluid resuscitation. The patient's vital signs gradually recovered, and she was discharged after complete recovery two days later after complete recovery. This case suggests that recombinant humanized collagen, as a macromolecular protein, inherently carries the risk of triggering immediate-type anaphylactic shock despite its favorable safety profile. Clinicians should perform rigorous preoperative assessment, adhere to standardized procedures, and be proficient in the emergency management of anaphylactic shock to minimize the risk of severe adverse reactions and ensure medical safety.

PMID 42760965
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PubMedVeterinary research communications2026-09-19

Macroscopic and ultrasonographic anatomy of the brachial plexus in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius).

Morel Ana Paula AP, Rösler Maria Lúcia ML, de Souza Ana Júlia Fazenda AJF, da Silva Luana Célia Stunitz LCS et al.

The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) is a small raptor frequently admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers, often due to traumatic injuries requiring surgical intervention. Regional anesthesia techniques, particularly brachial plexus blocks, may improve perioperative management; however, species-specific anatomical and ultrasonographic data remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the macroscopic and ultrasonographic anatomy of the brachial plexus in F. sparverius and to assess the distribution of injectate following ultrasound-guided administration. Nineteen kestrels were allocated into three groups: anatomical dissection (n = 6), ultrasonographic evaluation (n = 8), and cadaveric ultrasound-guided dye injection 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution resulted in consistent dye distribution within the plexus location (n = 5). The brachial plexus was formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C13-T2, organized into dorsal and ventral fascicles. Ultrasonographically, the brachial plexus appeared as small hypoechoic structures beneath the superficial and deep pectoral muscles using a ventral approach. These findings demonstrate that the brachial plexus of F. sparverius follows a typical avian pattern with species-specific variations and that the ventral ultrasonographic approach allows reliable visualization and accurate injectate delivery. This study provides anatomical and imaging data to support the development of regional anesthesia techniques in small raptors.

PMID 42760395
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PubMedJournal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation2026-09-19

Therapeutic utility and long-term management strategy of cervical medial branch blocks in chronic facet-mediated pain: A systematic review.

Doo Aram A, Park Seung S, Kim Yeon-Dong YD

BackgroundCervical medial branch blocks (CMBBs) are widely used for chronic facet-mediated pain, yet their therapeutic role, duration of benefit, and optimal repeat intervals remain unclear.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, duration of benefit, and optimal repeat intervals of CMBBs for chronic cervical facet pain.MethodsSystematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through November 2025. Inclusion: randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting therapeutic outcomes of CMBBs in adults. Independent dual review with quality assessment using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Qualitative synthesis following SWiM guidelines was performed due to substantial heterogeneity in diagnostic protocols, intervention parameters, and outcome measures.ResultsEleven studies (4 RCTs, 7 observational; N > 1200 patients) demonstrated that 55-80% of patients achieved clinically meaningful benefit (≥50% pain relief). Median duration of analgesic effect ranged from 8-16 weeks, with bupivacaine showing longer duration than lidocaine. Repeated CMBBs at 3-4 month intervals maintained therapeutic effectiveness over 12-24 months without tachyphylaxis. No major complications were reported.ConclusionsModerate-certainty evidence supports CMBBs as effective therapeutic interventions providing short- to intermediate-term relief (8-16 weeks) for chronic cervical facet pain. An evidence-based repeat interval of 3-4 months maintains effectiveness without tachyphylaxis. CMBBs represent a safe, repeatable strategy, particularly when radiofrequency neurotomy is not feasible or preferred.Clinical RelevanceThis review provides evidence-based guidance for long-term CMBB management with practical repeat interval recommendations applicable to multidisciplinary spine and pain practice.

PMID 42762196
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PubMedRSC advances2026-09-19

Microwave-induced efficient degradation of tetracycline using magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on C/SiO2.

Liu Minghuan M, Ai Shubo S, Wu Wenxin W, Wang Bingqing B et al.

In response to the ecological and health risks posed by Tetracycline Hydrochloride (TCH) residues in the environment, this study develops a microwave-induced catalytic system using ZnFe2O4/C/SiO2 nanocomposites for efficient TCH degradation. The composites were prepared by anchoring ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles onto a rice husk-derived C/SiO2 support, leveraging both the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave irradiation to synergistically enhance catalytic performance. Our results showed that the porous structure of C/SiO2 effectively dispersed ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, reduced agglomeration, and significantly improved microwave absorption by balancing dielectric loss and magnetic loss, with a reflection loss reaching -41.97 dB. Under optimized conditions (microwave power: 1000 W, catalyst dosage: 100 mg, reaction time: 21 min), the degradation rate of 60 ppm TCH exceeded 99%. Free radical trapping and EPR analyses confirmed that holes (h+) are the dominant active species responsible for degradation, and oxygen vacancies promote electron-hole separation. Recycling experiments showed that the catalyst maintained a degradation efficiency of over 75% after four cycles, indicating good stability. This study offers an efficient and sustainable microwave catalytic technology for organic wastewater treatment, with the added environmental benefit of utilizing agricultural waste.

PMID 42761882
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PubMedJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2026-09-19

Effects of anion excipients on the viscosity of high-concentration mAb solution.

Maruyama Souhei S, Shibuya Risa R, Torisu Tetsuo T, Uchiyama Susumu S

High protein concentrations often lead to high viscosity, necessitating reduced solution viscosity. We investigated the effects of eight anionic excipients commonly used in biopharmaceutical formulations on the solution viscosity of high-concentration monoclonal antibodies using three antibodies with different isoelectric points. The three antibodies exhibited attractive or repulsive protein-protein interaction tendencies in histidine buffer without anionic excipients. The effect of adding anionic excipients on solution viscosity differed by interaction tendencies. Preferential interaction coefficients revealed differences in the extent of interaction between individual anionic excipients and antibodies. Comparison with chloride, positioned in the middle of the Hofmeister series, suggested that the observed viscosity behavior could only be partially explained by the previously reported Hofmeister anion effects on solution viscosity. We examined the effects of combining L-arginine with each anionic excipient as a counter anion. Formulations containing L-arginine and other anionic excipients contributed more strongly to reducing solution viscosity than L-arginine hydrochloride. The effects of anionic excipients on viscosity can be understood in terms of protein-protein interactions of an antibody in the presence of anionic excipients; whether anionic excipients strengthen or weaken the intrinsic protein-protein interactions is important, underscoring the key indicator for selecting the optimal anionic excipients when designing high-concentration formulations with lower viscosities.

PMID 42762895
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