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Loxosceles Immune F(Ab)2 (Reclusmyn)

✓ Approved

Instituto Bioclon · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is Loxosceles Immune F(Ab)2?

Loxosceles Immune F(Ab)2 is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Instituto Bioclon. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesReclusmyn
CompanyInstituto Bioclon
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Instituto Bioclon

Therapeutic Indications

Loxosceles Immune F(Ab)2 is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsVenom poisoning✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHIV medicine2026-11-13

Immune outcomes with dolutegravir-based dual therapy versus bictegravir-based triple therapy: A multinomial propensity score analysis.

Troya Jesús J, Pousada Guillermo G, de Los Santos Ignacio I, Micán Rafael R et al.

To compare immune outcomes after switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC), dolutegravir/rilpivirine (DTG/RPV) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF). Three Spanish cohorts of adults with baseline HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL were harmonized. Multinomial propensity scores were used for 13 baseline variables. Stabilized inverse probability weights were winsorized at the 1st/99th percentiles. The primary outcome was baseline-adjusted CD4+ T-cell count at week 48. Bootstrap confidence intervals and Holm's correction were used. Of 3057 eligible participants, 1794 had complete covariates and 1438 had week-48 CD4+ T-cell counts. B/F/TAF versus DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV differences were -7.4 (95% CI -45.1 to 30.4) and +5.6 (-24.6 to 35.7) cells/μL (both Holm p = 1.000). Additional baseline CD4+ T-cell percentage adjustment changed the former to -39.8 (-78.5 to -1.2). CD4+ T-cell percentage differences were + 1.66 and + 1.44 percentage points (both Holm p ≤ 0.002). Original secondary CD8+ T-cell count differences were - 92.9 and - 96.5 cells/μL (both Holm p = 0.007); the ratio difference versus DTG/3TC was +0.165 (Holm p = 0.013). In these three Spanish cohorts, the primary propensity score-adjusted analysis did not detect a difference between regimens in the week-48 CD4+ T-cell count. Original secondary analyses associated B/F/TAF with lower CD8+ T-cell counts than both dual regimens and a higher CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio than that of DTG/3TC. The CD8+ T-cell count and ratio contrasts versus DTG/3TC attenuated after additional baseline percentage adjustment. These associations were sensitive to baseline immune adjustment, and their clinical relevance warrants further investigation.

PMID 43021653
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PubMedExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026-11-13

Anticholinergic burden in the German National Cohort (NAKO): Patterns of anticholinergic drug exposure and utilization.

Könnecke Julie K JK, Bößneck Nele L NL, Drebka Alexandra A, Scholl Annika J AJ et al.

Medication-related anticholinergic burden (AB) has been studied mainly in older adults and selected patient populations, whereas population-based evidence across adulthood remains limited, particularly regarding over-the-counter (OTC) drug use and utilization patterns. To characterize the frequency, distribution, and pharmacological drivers of AB in the German National Cohort (NAKO). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of NAKO baseline data collected in 2014-2019 from participants aged 19-75 years recruited through age- and sex-stratified random sampling from population registries. AB was quantified from participant-reported seven-day medication use using the German Anticholinergic Burden Scale; cumulative scores ≥ 1 and ≥ 3 defined any and high burden, respectively. Descriptive analyses characterized AB by age, sex, drug class, prescription status, and utilization pattern; logistic regression assessed associations of AB with age, sex, and polypharmacy. Among 199,813 participants (median age 51 years; 50.4% women), 17.4% had any and 3.0% had high AB, with exposure in all analyzed age groups. Any and high AB were associated with female sex (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.12 and aOR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.37-1.53, respectively), most older age groups, and polypharmacy. Nervous system drugs contributed most to aggregate AB. Medications obtained OTC accounted for over one tenth of the sample's burden, with a greater relative contribution in younger age groups. Most anticholinergic drugs were used on a scheduled basis, with daily and long-term use predominating. In this large population-based cohort, anticholinergic exposure was observed across all examined age groups, and OTC medications made a non-negligible contribution to the overall burden. These findings suggest that age range and non-prescription medication use may be important considerations when assessing AB.

PMID 43022227
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PubMedBioactive materials2026-11-13

A fluorinated poly(amino acid) nanovaccine with spatiotemporally encoded innate priming and antigen cross-presentation for tumor immunotherapy.

Wang Zijuan Z, Su Yuanzhen Y, Zhang Shucheng S, Yu Bingzheng B et al.

The efficacy of cancer vaccines depends on spatiotemporally coordinated innate immune priming and antigen cross-presentation, but this hierarchy remains difficult to control with existing delivery platforms. Here, we report a fluorinated diethylenetriamine-modified poly(aspartic acid) nanovaccine platform, termed DET-F, and identify DET-F30 as the optimized formulation for antigen delivery and immune activation. Perfluorooctyl side chains promote early endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) associated innate immune signaling and dendritic cell maturation, whereas the pH-responsive polymer backbone facilitates subsequent endosomal escape and cytosolic antigen release. This chemically encoded sequence enables delayed yet enhanced antigen cross-presentation in mature dendritic cells. DET-F30/antigen nanoparticles display efficient antigen loading and cellular uptake, activate TLR3-related innate immune pathways, and elicit robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity. In multiple tumor models, DET-F30-based vaccination suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, prolongs survival, and enhances post-surgical anti-PD-1 therapy. This work establishes fluorinated poly(amino acid)s as minimalist self-adjuvant nanovaccine vectors and demonstrates that precise polymer-architecture encoding can orchestrate sequential innate immune activation and antigen processing for improved cancer immunotherapy.

PMID 43023045
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PubMedCurrent medicinal chemistry2026-11-13

The Causal Relationship Between Cathepsin Levels and Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Experimental Validation.

Shen Yi Y, Zhu Wenhao W, Fu Furui F, Huang Jin J et al.

While cathepsins are strongly implicated in bone remodeling and osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis, their definitive causal relationships with bone mineral density (BMD) alterations and OP risk remain ambiguous. The specific objective of this study is to systematically investigate these interactions, hypothesizing that specific circulating cathepsins actively drive BMD alterations and OP pathogenesis. To evaluate this, we utilized a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, with subsequent substantiation through targeted in vivo and clinical validation. Bidirectional two-sample MR was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to assess nine circulating cathepsins against OP and BMD at various skeletal sites. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) served as the primary estimator, supplemented by comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR (MVMR) evaluated the joint effects of the cathepsin family, while two-step mediation MR explored immune cell phenotypes as potential mediators. Genetic associations were subsequently validated via RT-qPCR in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and ELISA in clinical serum samples. Forward MR indicated that elevated Cathepsin F increases OP risk (OR = 1.00, P = 0.027) and is inversely correlated with forearm (FA) (OR = 0.94, P = 0.027) and femoral neck (FN) BMD (OR = 0.97, P = 0.017). Cathepsin L2 demonstrated a negative causal effect on FN BMD (OR = 0.96, P = 0.040), whereas Cathepsin O was positively associated with FA BMD (OR = 1.09, P = 0.037). Reverse MR suggested that lumbar spine (LS) BMD positively influences Cathepsin L2 (OR = 1.15, P = 0.033), while FA BMD inversely affects Cathepsin F (OR = 0.84, P = 0.021) and Cathepsin B (OR = 0.85, P = 0.025). Notably, MVMR adjustments for co-existing cathepsins attenuated the independent significance of these individual effects (P > 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that the absolute count of CD11c+ monocytes mediates 17.38% of the effect of Cathepsin F on FN BMD. Experimentally, RT-qPCR and clinical ELISA consistently corroborated the significant up-regulation of Cathepsins F and L2/L, and down-regulation of Cathepsin O, in both OVX mice and patients with OP (P < 0.01). The findings suggest that the causal effects of cathepsins on OP and BMD operate within an interconnected family network rather than in strict isolation, as revealed by MVMR. Furthermore, the partial mediation by CD11c+ monocytes highlights a complex systemic interaction involving the immune system. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into OP pathogenesis, interpreting cathepsin fluctuations not merely as consequences of bone loss, but as active contributors to the disease process. Cathepsins F, L2, and O exhibit robust causal associations with OP and site-specific BMD alterations. These proteins emerge as compelling candidate biomarkers for osteoporosis, offering translational potential that warrants further clinical investigation.

PMID 43023313
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PubMedChemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society2026-11-13

Activating Interstitial Oxygen Conduction in Sr3V2O8 Palmierite Oxides Through Minimal Mo-Substitution.

Biffo Abdulkadir Olatunbosun AO, Lavrinenko Anastasia K AK, Ma Hailin H, Zhang Shengnan S et al.

The palmierite oxides are a promising family of ion conductors, and understanding how compositional modification affects their structure and, in turn, their ionic conductivity is pivotal for unlocking high ionic conductivity in these solid electrolytes. Here, we investigate the Sr3V2‑xMo x O8+x/2 series (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), establishing a solubility limit at x = 0.2, and demonstrating that Mo-substituted compositions exhibit bulk O2- conductivity approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than the pristine composition at 600 °C. Combined X-ray and neutron diffraction refinement shows little change in the average crystallographic structure, prompting questions about its local structure and dynamics. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, bond-valence site-energy calculations, and 51V and 17O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy supported by density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that Mo6+ incorporation generates a new oxygen environment consistent with the formation of a charge-compensating interstitial O3 site. While V5+ remains tetrahedrally coordinated throughout the series, Mo6+ exhibits both MoO4 and distorted trigonal bipyramidal MoO5 coordination polyhedra, with the latter arising from the occupation of O3. This O3 site is proposed to bridge neighboring MOn polyhedra along the ab-plane, shortening the O2- jump distances and shifting the conduction mechanism from a 3D cooperative rotational mechanism to a 2D interstitial-based one.

PMID 43022698
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-11-13

Divergent innate and adaptive immune trajectories after bariatric surgery in people with severe obesity.

Gawor Jule J, Deinzer Andrea A, Wick Maria M, Krautz Christian C et al.

Obesity disrupts type 2 immune cell populations in white adipose tissue, replacing the homeostatic network of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) with pro-inflammatory type 1 populations. Whether this remodelling reflects permanent immune impairment or a reversible shift in cellular equilibrium, and to what extent bariatric surgery restores type 2 immunity, remain incompletely understood. We analysed selected type 2 immune cell populations in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and peripheral blood from persons with severe obesity (people with obesity, PWO) scheduled for or having undergone bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass), as well as non-obese controls. Using flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and in vitro polarization assays, we assessed immune cell frequencies, transcription factor expression, cytokine profiles, and functional polarization capacity across lean, pre-operative, and post-operative states. Obesity was associated with decreased eosinophil and CD8+ T cells frequencies in WAT, accompanied by an increase in CD4+ frequency and a shift from Th2 toward Th1 predominance, as well as elevated PD-1 expression on T cell subsets. PWO after bariatric surgery showed reduced CD8+ T cell frequencies and increased CD4+ T cells compared to lean controls. Macrophage polarization capacity was increased in PWO after surgery compared to pre-operative PWO. Conversely, Th2 polarization capacity and IL-13 production were reduced in T cells from post-operative PWO despite no detectable impairment pre-operatively, consistent with divergent innate and adaptive immune profiles after surgery. Type 2 immune cells showed no detectable loss of functional plasticity in human obesity despite reduced frequency. PWO after bariatric surgery show differentially reconstituted immune function, with greater macrophage plasticity and a trend towards reduced Th2 polarization capacity, despite higher GATA3 protein levels compared to PWO without bariatric surgery, arguing against uniform immune normalisation after weight loss.

PMID 43021793
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