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calcium acetate (PhosLo Gelcaps / PhosLo Tablets / Phoslyra)

✓ Approved

Vaxart, Inc. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is calcium acetate?

calcium acetate is a small molecule developed by Vaxart, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPhosLo Gelcaps, PhosLo Tablets, Phoslyra
CompanyVaxart, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Vaxart, Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

calcium acetate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Metabolism and nutrition disordersHyperphosphataemia✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedThe MAK collection for occupational health and safety2026-08-25

2-(Propyloxy)ethyl acetate: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2024.

Hartwig Andrea A, MAK Commission

The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) re-evaluated the occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) for 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate (2-propoxyethyl acetate) [20706-25-6] considering all toxicological end points. 2-(Propyloxy)ethyl acetate is a haemolytic and irritant glycol ether acetate. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search. The haemolytic activity of 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate in vivo and data from other glycol ether acetates suggest that it is probably metabolized to 2-(propyloxy)ethanol. The haemolytic activity of both compounds is mediated by the corresponding alkoxy acid; in vitro, it was lower in human erythrocytes than in rat erythrocytes. The critical effect identified in a subchronic study in rats was irritation. A NOAEC (no observed adverse effect concentration) was not obtained. The systemic NOAEC relevant for humans is 211 ml/m3. In analogy to 2-(propyloxy)ethanol, the MAK value of 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate has been lowered to 10 ml/m3. This exposure limit protects workers also against systemic toxicity. The substance remains assigned to Peak Limitation Category I with an excursion factor of 2. The Commission has re-evaluated a prenatal toxicity study in rats, deriving a NOAEC for developmental toxicity of 200 ml/m3. The margin between the NOAEC and the MAK value is sufficient even after considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely if the MAK value is not exceeded and 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. Studies investigating the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential are not available. Percutaneous absorption can contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate remains designated with the "H" notation. In a screening study with guinea pigs, no evidence of a skin sensitizing potential was observed.

PMID 42639126
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-08-25

RETRACTED: Alqahtani et al. Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and In Vitro Application as Contact Lens for Acyclovir Delivery. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5483.

Alqahtani Saad Mohammed SM, Al Khulaifi Rana Salem RS, Alassaf Mohammed M, Saeed Waseem Sharaf WS et al.

The journal retracts the article titled "Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and In Vitro Application as Contact Lens for Acyclovir Delivery" [...].

PMID 42640053
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PubMedEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2026-08-25

DENND3-p.R534S Disrupts Dyadic Microdomain Architecture to Drive Potentially Pro-Arrhythmic Calcium and Electrophysiologic Instability.

Gao Shan S, Kim C S John CSJ, Ye Dan D, Tester David J DJ et al.

Inherited ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) frequently occur in the absence of pathogenic variants in canonical ion channel genes, suggesting alternative mechanisms of electrical instability. DENND3 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates Rab GTPase-mediated trafficking, but its role in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and membrane microdomain organization remains undefined. We studied induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from a CRISPR/CAS9-engineered ultra-rare DENND3-p.R534S variant-inserted line (previously identified in an idiopathic ventricular fibrillation pedigree) and matched isogenic controls. Multielectrode array recordings, live-cell calcium imaging, super-resolution imaging using expansion microscopy, and biochemical analyses were used to assess electrical activity, calcium handling, membrane architecture, and calcium release unit organization. Potentially therapeutic studies were performed using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Rab11b. DENND3-p.R534S iPSC-CMs exhibited multicellular electrical instability characterized by increased beat-to-beat variability, arrhythmic activity, conduction slowing, and prolonged excitation-contraction delay. These abnormalities were accompanied by heterogeneous and dyssynchronous calcium cycling despite preserved expression of major calcium handling proteins. Super-resolution imaging revealed disruption of BIN1-dependent membrane architecture and nanoscale uncoupling of Cav1.2 and RyR2. Inhibition of Rab11b restored BIN1 organization, re-established dyadic coupling, normalized calcium cycling, and improved electrical stability. These findings support a model in which altered trafficking balance contribute to disruption of membrane microdomain organization, leading to dyadic uncoupling, calcium instability, and electrical dysfunction. Modulation of Rab11b-mediated trafficking pathway restored structural and functional abnormalities, supporting trafficking associated pathway as potential therapeutic targets in DENND3-associated VA.

PMID 42639838
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PubMedRSC advances2026-08-25

Defect evolution and electrical response in HAp-TiO2-derived calcium phosphate-titanate composites investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.

Yahşi Uğur U, Ökmen Şeyma Şimal ŞŞ, Dumludağ Fatih F, Tav Cumali C et al.

The structural evolution of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-TiO2 composites was investigated as a function of TiO2 content (0-5 wt%) and sintering temperature (1000-1300 °C). X-ray diffraction revealed that TiO2 no longer exists as a separate phase above ∼1100 °C owing to solid-state reactions with HAp, resulting in the formation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium titanate phases (CaTiO3/Ca4Ti3O10). Consequently, the resulting materials consist of multiphase calcium phosphate-titanate composites rather than TiO2-doped HAp. SEM observations showed significant temperature-dependent microstructural evolution, including densification, grain growth, and the formation of interfacial regions between the constituent phases. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) revealed systematic variations in the defect-related lifetime (τ 2 = 0.44-0.62 ns) and intensity, suggesting an evolution from pore-dominated defects to increasingly localized interfacial trapping sites during phase transformation. Electrical measurements showed low bulk conductivity, with the non-monotonic DC conductivity behavior reflecting the combined influence of defect evolution, interfacial heterogeneity, and microstructural changes, while the AC conductivity response suggested localized hopping and polarization processes. The combined use of XRD, SEM, PALS, and electrical measurements provides new insight into the interplay among phase evolution, defect structure, microstructure, and electrical behavior in HAp-TiO2-derived calcium phosphate-titanate composites.

PMID 42639573
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PubMedAging cell2026-08-25

DHCR24 Alleviates DNA Damage in Senescent Vascular Endothelial Cells via ENKUR/Ca2+ Signaling.

Li Han H, Yang Zhen Z, Liang Wukaiyang W, Huang Jie J et al.

DNA damage is considered one of the major contributors to aging. DHCR24, a multifunctional enzyme located within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is closely related to DNA damage. Our previous study showed that DHCR24 could delay vascular endothelial cells (ECs) senescence. The relationship between DHCR24 and DNA damage during ECs senescence requires further investigation. Here, we demonstrate that aging activates ATM-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), and DHCR24 expression is downregulated. Knocking down DHCR24 in young HUVECs induces the activation of ATM-mediated DDR, which has been confirmed in PMVECs of DHCR24 endothelial-specific knockout mice. Consistently, RNAseq indicated that DHCR24 was essential for cell cycle regulation. Further investigations revealed that both replicatively senescent HUVECs and young HUVECs with DHCR24 knockout exhibited ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be attributable to calcium overload resulting from DHCR24 deficiency. In this pathological process, the DHCR24-deficiency-induced upregulation of ENKUR markedly exacerbates calcium overload. Conversely, ENKUR knockdown not only alleviates the ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by DHCR24 inhibition, but also suppresses the ATM-mediated DDR. Moreover, DHCR24 overexpression reduces the elevated ENKUR levels and simultaneously mitigates DOX-induced calcium overload in HUVECs. Collectively, these findings identify DHCR24-ENKUR-dependent Ca2+ signaling as a mechanism linking ER-mitochondrial homeostasis to endothelial DNA damage and senescence. Accordingly, restoring DHCR24 function or regulating calcium signal transduction through this pathway may hold therapeutic potential for delaying vascular ECs senescence and preventing age-related diseases.

PMID 42639736
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PubMedCurrent organic synthesis2026-08-25

Sustainable Synthesis of Aryl Pyrano-bis-coumarin and Dibenzo[a,j] xanthene Derivatives Using Organocatalyst Triethanol Ammonium Salt (tris (2-hydroxyl) Ammonium 2-(1,1-dioxido-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol- 2(3H)-yl) acetate) Under Microwave Irradiation.

Hadadianpour Elahe E, Pouramiri Behjat B

Recently, there has been a noticeable growth in the application of organocatalysts for the green synthesis of various organic molecules. Organocatalysts are efficient and sustainable agents for promoting chemical reactions in solvent-free conditions. In this study, a new triethanolammonium-based organocatalyst, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2-(1,1-dioxido-3- oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl) acetate, was efficiently designed and synthesized through a simple and environmentally benign procedure. This organosalt was subsequently employed as a novel green catalyst for the synthesis of a wide range of aryl bis-coumarin (3a-j) and dibenzo[a,j]xanthene (5a-j) derivatives under solventfree conditions and microwave irradiation. The structures of the synthesized ionic liquid catalyst and heterocyclic products were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and the obtained spectral data were consistent with previously reported values for the corresponding compounds. Furthermore, various reaction parameters, including solvent, temperature, reaction time, and synthetic method, were systematically optimized to achieve the best operational conditions. In this study, various conditions, including solvent, temperature, time, and method of synthesis, were evaluated to determine the optimal synthesis conditions. Overall, this work introduces an efficient, sustainable, and operationally straightforward catalytic system for the green synthesis of biologically important heterocyclic molecules.

PMID 42638380
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