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sumatriptan succinate (sc) (DFN 11 / Zembrace SymTouch / DFN11)

✓ Approved

Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC. · HTR1B · Small Molecule

What is sumatriptan succinate (sc)?

sumatriptan succinate (sc) is a small molecule developed by Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesDFN 11, Zembrace SymTouch, DFN11
CompanyUpsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetHTR1B, HTR1D
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sumatriptan succinate (sc) acts on 2 molecular targets:

HTR1B5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (HTR1DB, 5-HT1DB)
HTR1D5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (HTR1DA, HT1DA)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sumatriptan succinate (sc) is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersMigraine✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in psychology2026-10-22

Gray matter volume moderates the effect of acute physical activity on cognitive load and relates to reading comprehension in adolescents: the Cogni-Action Project.

Cristi-Montero Carlos C, Martínez-Flores Ricardo R, Supèr Hans H, Sanchez-Martinez Javier J et al.

Acute physical activity reduces cognitive load (CL) and improves reading comprehension; however, the role of gray matter volume in these effects is unknown. This study examined how gray matter volume moderates the effects of physical activity on cognitive load, and explored its association with reading comprehension. A total of 13 male adolescents (aged 12-13 years), a neuroimaging subsample of a larger cohort, completed a randomized crossover trial that involved three energy-matched conditions: sedentary condition (SC), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and cooperative high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT). We measured gray matter volume in the hippocampus, pars opercularis, and brainstem using MRI. The primary outcome cognitive load (pupil dilation) was analyzed using within-subject permutation with max-T correction and bootstrapping. Reading comprehension served as a secondary, exploratory outcome. Physical activity was a significant predictor of cognitive load (p < 0.001). Comprehension improved for the C-HIIT condition compared to SC; gray matter volume alone did not predict these results. Volume significantly moderated cognitive load in a region-specific pattern: hippocampal volume amplified the cognitive load increases associated with C-HIIT [β = 0.26, 95% CI (0.21, 0.30)], while pars opercularis and brainstem volumes reduced the cognitive load (β = -0.30 to -0.32, p < 0.001); C-HIIT resulted in the lowest absolute cognitive load. Reading comprehension was higher under C-HIIT compared to SC (g = 0.87) and MICT (g = 0.50), with gains exploratorily associated with the pars opercularis volume (rho = 0.53-0.59). Gray matter volume influenced cognitive load through its interaction with physical activity modality, with C-HIIT producing the lowest cognitive load. Comprehension gains under C-HIIT were exploratorily associated with pars opercularis volume, suggesting that specific neuroanatomical characteristics may complement activity modality for cognitive benefits in school settings.

PMID 42903115
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-10-22

Outcomes and prognostic factors in dogs with subcutaneous and intramuscular hemangiosarcoma treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Rebelo Ana Paula AP, Furtado Adriana A, Sellon Rance R, Roberts Gregory D GD et al.

Subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs are aggressive malignancies with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is the primary treatment, but incomplete excision is common, and the role of radiation therapy (RT) remains unclear. This single-institution retrospective study evaluated outcomes and toxicities in dogs with SC and IM HSA treated with hypofractionated RT using either 24 Gy in three 8-Gy fractions (days 0, 7, and 21) or 30 Gy in five 6-Gy fractions every other day, with or without surgery and chemotherapy. Fifty-three dogs were included: 27/53 (51%) SC HSA and 26/53 (49%) IM HSA; 35/53 (66%) had macroscopic disease at RT. Overall, 47/53 (89%) received chemotherapy, of which 42/47 (89%) received doxorubicin; 35/42 (83%) received it concurrently with the first RT fraction. Among 30 evaluable dogs, the RT objective response rate (ORR) was 93% (37% complete, 56% partial). Local progression or recurrence (LPR) occurred in 11/36 (30%) dogs after a median of 128 days, predominantly with macroscopic disease (10/11). Median time to progression (TTP) was not reached (95% CI, 621 days-not reached). In an exploratory multivariable Cox analysis, metastasis was associated with increased hazard of LPR (HR, 14.95; 95% CI, 2.84-78.72; p = 0.0014), whereas surgery was associated with a lower hazard, but not significantly (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.018-1.24; p = 0.079). Overall median survival time (MST) was 306 days (95% CI, 284-875). On univariable analysis, anemia, absence of surgery, macroscopic disease at RT, metastasis, and tumor size at diagnosis >6 cm were associated with shorter survival. Dogs undergoing surgery prior to RT had longer survival (MST, 2059 vs. 287 days; p = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, anemia remained independently associated with increased hazard of death (HR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.38-7.45; p = 0.0069), whereas metastasis, surgery, and tumor size were not independently associated with survival. Chemotherapy was not associated with survival. Radiation-associated adverse events were generally mild. Hypofractionated RT, as part of multimodal treatment in most dogs, was associated with a high ORR and may provide durable local control in dogs with non-visceral HSA.

PMID 42903052
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PubMedDrug development and industrial pharmacy2026-10-22

Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of desvenlafaxine decanoate, a new long-acting injectable antidepressant.

Santos Maria Luiza Ferreira Dos MLFD, Oliveira Campos Philipe Raphael PR, Machado Renes Resende RR, Jardim Filho Nilo Edgar NE et al.

The aim of this study was to design, synthesize, and characterize a novel long-acting injectable antidepressant prodrug, desvenlafaxine decanoate. Long-acting injectable drugs represent a useful approach for the treatment of mental illnesses, since these formulations extend dosing intervals and are beneficial for patients unable to self-administer oral medication or to maintain adherence to treatment. Although some antipsychotic depot formulations are used in clinical practice, there is a lack of studies on long-acting injectable antidepressants. This prodrug was synthesized by esterifying desvenlafaxine with decanoic acid, affording the target compound in 75% yield. Structural characterization was performed by 1H and 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An in vivo proof-of-concept study was conducted in mice following intramuscular administration of desvenlafaxine decanoate. A selective HPLC-DAD method was developed to separate desvenlafaxine succinate and desvenlafaxine decanoate, achieving retention times 6.08 and 15.70 min, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma samples collected 2 hours after administration demonstrated significant levels of desvenlafaxine in systemic circulation. The plasma detection was a proof-of-concept for the in vivo hydrolysis of the ester prodrug. These findings support the feasibility of desvenlafaxine decanoate as a promising long-acting injectable antidepressant for patients requiring prolonged maintenance therapy.

PMID 42902977
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PubMedBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026-10-21

Fasinumab for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety.

Khan Muhammad Sohaib MS, Moeen Wania W, Banatwala Umm E Salma Shabbar UESS, Usman Muhammad M et al.

Fasinumab, a newly developed anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, has been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential to alleviate symptoms in osteoarthritis patients. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of different Fasinumab dosages compared with placebo in patients with osteoarthritis. PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched for double-blinded RCTs comparing Fasinumab with placebo till December 2025. Primary outcomes were WOMAC pain, WOMAC function, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA) scores. Secondary outcomes included safety profile such as Adjudicated Arthropathy, Adverse events, serious adverse events, all-cause mortality. Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 was used for quality assessment. A random effects model was used for analysis, with subgrouping by dosage. Six RCTs, involving 9,429 participants, were included. All trials included had a low risk of bias. At 16 weeks, 1 mg Subcutaneous (SC) Every four weeks (Q4W), 1 mg SC Every eight weeks (Q8W), and 3 mg SC Q4W showed a greater statistically significant reduction in WOMAC pain and function scores compared to placebo. However, according to minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs), only 1 mg SC Q4W and 3 mg SC Q4W may provide clinically meaningful reductions in WOMAC pain ([MD: -1.05, (95% C.I. -1.32 to -0.78), p < 0.00001, I²=28%] and [MD: -1.16, (95% C.I. -1.58 to -0.75), p < 0.00001, I²=0%], respectively) and function scores ([-1.05 (95% C.I. -1.32 to -0.79), p < 0.00001, I²=20%] and [MD: -1.24, (95% C.I. -1.65 to -0.83), p < 0.00001, I²=0%], respectively) more than placebo; however, the confidence intervals include effects smaller than the MCID threshold, limiting certainty regarding clinically meaningful benefit. A 1 mg SC Q4W dosage regimen is favored over a placebo in improving PGA scores at 16 weeks. Further, Fasinumab use may increase the risk of adverse events, including Joint-replacement surgery and Adjudicated Arthropathy. Although select fasinumab regimens demonstrated statistically significant reductions in WOMAC pain, function, and PGA scores at 16 weeks, confidence interval overlaps with conservative MCID thresholds limit certainty regarding clinically meaningful efficacy. Additionally, treatment may carry increased risks, including adjudicated arthropathy.In addition, osteoarthritis is a chronic disease, and these short-term efficacy outcomes may not reflect long-term treatment effectiveness. These findings are based on trials assessed as having an overall low risk of bias. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

PMID 42902285
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PubMedBiotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts2026-10-21

Formate-driven in situ CO2 recycling for efficient succinic acid bioproduction in engineered Actinobacillus succinogenes.

Zhao Mingyang M, Wang Li L, Ye Yuanming Y, Sun Yaqin Y et al.

Succinic acid (SA) biosynthesis presents a promising sustainable alternative to petrochemical routes, yet industrial potential is often hampered by inefficient CO2 fixation and redox imbalances. To systematically address these bottlenecks, a synergistic metabolic engineering strategy was developed in Actinobacillus succinogenes by co-expressing the endogenous gene of formate dehydrogenase (FdoG) and the heterologous gene of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC). This design established a self-reinforcing metabolic loop where FdoG-mediated formate oxidation generated in situ CO2 and NADH, which were immediately channeled into the PPC-driven carboxylation pathway. Physiological characterizations, utilizing real-time off-gas analysis, demonstrated that this pathway effectively functions as an endogenous CO2 generator, decoupling production from external mass transfer limitations. Furthermore, carbon flux distribution analysis confirmed the synergistic efficacy, revealing a 12.11% increase in succinate-directed flux and a significant reduction in byproduct accumulation compared to the wild type. To fully exploit this formate-utilization potential, an optimized fed-batch fermentation with pulsed formate feeding was implemented. Consequently, the engineered strain AS-PF achieved a remarkable succinate titer of 96.64 g/L, with a productivity of 1.38 g/ (L·h), corresponding to an overall product yield of 0.78 g/g based on the total consumed mixed carbon source (glucose and formate). This study establishes a sustainable and efficient platform for SA bioproduction by synergistically integrating formate metabolism-driven CO2 recycling with enhanced biosynthetic pathways, thereby advancing the valorization of C1 compounds.

PMID 42902297
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PubMedJournal of ethnopharmacology2026-10-20

Yupingfeng alleviates allergic rhinitis by modulating gut microbiota and succinate to inhibit mTOR/S6K signaling.

Zuo Yuping Y, Li Yuemei Y, Huang Zhichun Z, Zeng Huafeng H et al.

Yupingfeng granules (YPF), derived from the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Yupingfeng powder, have been recommended in clinical practice guidelines for the management of allergic rhinitis (AR), and their clinical efficacy is widely recognized. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether YPF protects the nasal epithelial barrier and alleviates AR by modulating the gut microbiota and pathways related to its metabolites. An OVA-induced AR mouse model was established and phenotypically evaluated. The dependence of YPF efficacy on gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, antibiotic depletion, and fecal microbiota transplantation. 1H-NMR metabolomics was used to identify key metabolites, followed by exogenous supplementation for validation. Nasal mucosal transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore downstream pathways, and functional validation was conducted in OVA-induced HNEpCs through metabolite intervention, YPF co-treatment, mTOR knockdown, and MHY1485 treatment. YPF dose-dependently reduced nasal rubbing and sneezing, attenuated IgE-mediated type 2 inflammation, and ameliorated nasal epithelial barrier injury in OVA-induced AR mice. YPF remodeled the gut microbiota and increased microbial diversity. Gut microbiota depletion attenuated the protective effects of YPF, whereas FMT from YPF donors reproduced them. Metabolomic analysis identified succinate as a key YPF-responsive metabolite, and exogenous succinate aggravated nasal epithelial barrier injury. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that succinate-induced nasal mucosal injury may involve mTOR signaling activation. In vitro, succinate aggravated OVA-induced barrier injury in HNEpCs, with disrupted Occludin distribution and enhanced mTOR/S6K phosphorylation, whereas YPF co-treatment reversed these changes. mTOR knockdown mimicked the protective effects of YPF, whereas MHY1485 attenuated them. YPF alleviates OVA-induced AR by remodeling the gut microbiota, reducing succinate accumulation, and suppressing mTOR/S6K signaling to preserve nasal epithelial barrier integrity.

PMID 42901457
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