Drug Database
AM

amoxicillin (Moxacin / amoxicillin, CSL)

✓ Approved

CSL Limited · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is amoxicillin?

amoxicillin is a small molecule developed by CSL Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMoxacin, amoxicillin, CSL
CompanyCSL Limited
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CSL Limited

Therapeutic Indications

amoxicillin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsSalmonellosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHelicobacter2026-08-25

Bismuth-Amoxicillin-Vonoprazan Triple, Amoxicillin-Vonoprazan Dual, and Clarithromycin-Based Triple Therapies for First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial.

Hsu Ping-I PI, Sheu Ming-Jen MJ, Chen Chien-Lin CL, Lei Wei-Yi WY et al.

The eradication rate of amoxicillin-vonoprazan (AV) dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection varies by region and is below 90% in both the United States and Taiwan. We recently added bismuth to this regimen, and the resulting bismuth-amoxicillin-vonoprazan (BAV) triple therapy achieved eradication rates ≥ 95% in Taiwan. To compare the efficacy and safety of 14-day BAV triple therapy with AV dual therapy and clarithromycin-amoxicillin-rabeprazole (CAR) standard triple therapy as first-line regimens for H. pylori eradication. In this multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, adults with H. pylori infection were randomized (1:1:1) to receive one of the following 14-day regimens: BAV triple therapy (tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 300 mg four times daily, amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily, and vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily), AV dual therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily), or CAR standard triple therapy (rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily). Eradication was assessed by the 13C-urea breath test. The primary endpoint was eradication in the intention-to-treat population. Between November 2023 and June 2025, 390 patients were enrolled. Intention-to-treat eradication rates were 93.8% with BAV therapy, 83.8% with AV therapy, and 83.1% with CAR therapy. BAV therapy was superior to both AV therapy (95% CI, 2.4%-17.6%; p = 0.010) and CAR therapy (95% CI, 3.0%-18.4%; p = 0.007). Per-protocol eradication rates were 97.5%, 88.3%, and 88.0%, respectively; BAV therapy remained superior to AP therapy (p = 0.010) and CAR therapy (p = 0.05). Overall adverse event rates (10.8%, 8.5%, and 13.8%) were comparable. Amoxicillin resistance and clarithromycin resistance were identified as risk factors for eradication failure with BAV and CAR therapies, respectively. BAV triple therapy demonstrates superior efficacy compared with AV dual therapy and CAR triple therapy as first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in Taiwan. This regimen represents a promising first-line option that may obviate the need for routine clarithromycin-resistance testing in regions where AV dual therapy yields suboptimal eradication rates.

PMID 42639978
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in chemistry2026-08-25

Sustainable thymol-based formulations with amoxicillin and Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil.

Edis Zehra Z, Regala Jon Zaccary JZ

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against antibiotics is caused by the evolution of pathogens to endure antibiotics, rendering once powerful treatments now useless. Amoxicillin (A), a well-known antibiotic is subjected to AMR and could be more effective in combination with plant-based extracts. Tea Tree essential oil (T) and thymol (t) are known antimicrobial agents but are hampered by their lipophilicity, volatility, oxidative degradation and skin irritation. These disadvantages can be mitigated by combinations to achieve better drug delivery outcomes. Thymol, a monoterpenoid has remarkable antimicrobial activities, but several pathogens are resistant to it. T is utilized since centuries against ailments but requires nanoencapsulation due to drug-delivery problems. Formulations consisting of T, thymol, and amoxicillin (A) were investigated as possible alternatives against AMR. The best combination with highest antimicrobial properties was identified as Tt2A2, consisting of T, thymol, and A at 1:2:2 proportions, respectively. Small-sized particles of Tt2A2 were subjected to ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis. Tt2A2 was tested against ten microbial reference strains on discs, surgical sutures, cotton gauze bandages, surgical face masks, and KN95 masks by agar-disc diffusion methods. The formulations of Tt2A2 were effective against all ten reference pathogens achieving zones of inhibition (ZOI) of up to 30-35 mm. Antimicrobial activity of Tt2A2 is proportional to T concentrations and can be fine-tuned according to target pathogen and biomaterial. The Gram-positive S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 showed high susceptibility with 33.7 mm mean ZOI and a better performance in Tt2A2a. The notorious Gram-negative pathogen P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 was inhibited with 30 mm and in average performed better in Tt2A2b with higher T concentration. The formulations exhibited potential as an antimicrobial agent on surgical sutures, masks and bandages, as well as a disinfective agent. Stability studies revealed the same inhibition zones for up to 3-6 months for all 10 reference strains. However, a steady decline to intermediate inhibitory levels by Gram-positive reference strains was observed towards 18 months of storage.

PMID 42638778
Read full article →
PubMedThe Lancet regional health. Europe2026-08-23

Appropriateness of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Spanish hospitals: a national multicentre cross-sectional study.

Jaramillo-Ruiz Didiana D, Peñalva Germán G, Huarte-Lacunza Rafael R, Brandariz-Núñez David D et al.

While surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is a cornerstone of preventing surgical site infections, adherence to clinical guidelines determines its effectiveness. In Spain, nationwide data on SAP appropriateness are scarce. This study evaluated prescribing practices across Spanish hospitals to assess alignment with national standards and identify factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use. We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional, point-prevalence survey (PPS) in hospitals nationwide in Spain. Adult and paediatric patients undergoing elective or urgent surgery in 11 surgical areas were included. SAP appropriateness was assessed based on the SEIMC/AEC national consensus and local clinical guidelines, if available. The primary outcome was overall appropriateness, which was defined as adherence to the recommended indication, antimicrobial agent, dose, route of administration, infusion duration, timing of administration and total duration of SAP. Agreement between guidelines was assessed using Gwet's AC1 coefficient. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SAP inappropriateness, accounting for institutional clustering and ensuring robust variable selection. Among 2198 patients from 91 hospitals, overall SAP appropriateness was 31·8% (n = 699) according to national consensus, increasing to 41·3% (n = 764) when compared with local protocols. According to the national consensus, the primary cause of inappropriateness was SAP duration. Agreement between national and local guidelines was moderate (Gwet's AC1 0·68), with notable discrepancies in cardiac and thoracic surgery. Independent risk factors identified by the mixed-effects logistic regression model included the number of antimicrobial agents prescribed (OR 25·44, 95% CI 17·05-37·27; p < 0·001), and the use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (OR 2·64, 1·77-3·90; p < 0·001), or antibiotics classified as "other" (OR 15·03, 4·95-45·60; p < 0·001). SAP appropriateness in Spanish hospitals is suboptimal, with a significant gap between national evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice. These findings underscore opportunities for targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions. This study was funded by the Spanish Foundation of Hospital Pharmacy (FEFH).

PMID 42633189
Read full article →
PubMedIJID regions2026-08-23

Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales causing wound infections in Ibadan, Nigeria: Phenotypic resistance and detection of bla KPC, bla OXA-48, and mcr genes.

Animasaun Olawale Sunday OS, Abdullahi Idris Nasir IN, Akomolafe Busayo Kayode BK, Balogun Muhammed Shakir MS et al.

Carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales remain an important challenge in the management of wound infections in resource-limited settings. This study determined the species, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, and genotypes of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales, as well as factors associated with Enterobacterales-positive wounds in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Two hundred twenty-one nonrepetitive wound swabs and biopsies obtained from patients were processed to recover bacteria, which were identified using the API 20E system. AMR phenotypes and mechanisms were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reactions, respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to collect patients' sociodemographic data and risk-factor data. One hundred seventy-five (79.2%) samples were culture-positive. Enterobacterales accounted for 42.3% of isolates (74 of 175), with Klebsiella spp (47.3%), Escherichia coli (32.4%), and Proteus mirabilis (20.3%) predominating. Of the 74 Enterobacterales, resistance was highest (>91%) against third-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanate, nalidixic acid (90.5%), gentamicin (81.1%), and imipenem (80%). About 25.7% (19 of 74) presented an MDR phenotype; the following resistance genes were detected: qnrB (84.2%), bla KPC (57.9%), aac(6')-Ib (52.6%), bla OXA-48 (36.8%), qnrC (10.5%), mcr-2 (10.5%), qepA (5.3%), and mcr-1 (5.3%). The co-occurrence of carbapenemase and mcr genes indicates potential for highly drug-resistant strains. A significant association was observed between Enterobacterales wound infections and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio = 5.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-44.35; p = 0.034). MDR-Enterobacterales account for about a quarter of the etiological agents of wound infections, with major implications for surgical site infections, as their extensive resistance profiles threaten the effectiveness of empirical therapy, increase the risk of treatment-refractory postoperative infections, and facilitate rapid hospital spread. The detection of Enterobacterales of critical priority carrying colistin- and carbapenem-resistance genes underscores the need for local genomic surveillance to monitor and control their spread; coordinated health system planning to ensure sustained access to effective antibiotics; strengthening infection prevention and control practices; improving antimicrobial stewardship; and implementing targeted patient-level risk-factor management.

PMID 42633330
Read full article →
PubMedEuropean journal of pediatrics2026-08-22

Delabelling suspected amoxicillin allergy in pediatric patients using oral challenge: a retrospective study from Northwestern Ontario.

Sadeghi Taha T, Mirzajani Parisa P, Suror Rua R, Mehrnoush Vahid V et al.

To determine the proportion of children labelled as allergic to amoxicillin who are truly allergic and to assess whether a direct oral amoxicillin challenge, without prior skin testing, is a safe and effective way to remove incorrect allergy labels in low-risk pediatric patients in Northwestern Ontario. We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients (6 months-15 years) referred for suspected amoxicillin allergy at two Northwestern Ontario hospitals between 2015 and 2025. Eligible patients underwent oral amoxicillin challenge. Clinical data were summarized descriptively. Of 96 patients, 93 (96.9%) tolerated the oral amoxicillin challenge, while 3 (3.1%) developed mild, delayed rashes. All three had previously reported delayed reactions (5-10 days) after their initial amoxicillin exposure. Two patients developed delayed rashes that were consistent with their previously documented maculopapular reactions, based on EMR documentation and caregiver-reported descriptions.Conclusion: The prevalence of true amoxicillin allergy among low-risk pediatric patients carrying a reported "penicillin allergy" label in our cohort of 96 patients evaluated at our pediatric allergy clinics in Northwestern Ontario was 3.1%. Oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing proved to be a safe and effective approach for delabelling low-risk children. Broader implementation of this strategy could enhance antibiotic stewardship, reduce healthcare-related costs, and improve patient care.

PMID 42629506
Read full article →
PubMedFuture microbiology2026-08-22

Genomic characterization of virulence and disinfectant resistant determinants in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from urban wastewater treatment plants in Windhoek, Namibia.

Sikabongo Smthokozele S, Kandanda Graça K GK, Maurihungirire Uvatera U, Rix Charlize L CL et al.

This cross-sectional study characterized virulence factors, disinfectant resistance genes, and antimicrobial resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from four urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Windhoek, Namibia. Twenty-three isolates were identified using biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bioinformatic analyses assessed antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFs), disinfectant resistance genes (DRGs), sequence types, phylogenetic relationships, and co-occurrence with plasmid-associated sequences. High phenotypic resistance was observed to ampicillin (70%) and amoxicillin and cefuroxime (≥50%). WGS identified clinically important lineages, including E. coli ST410 and K. pneumoniae ST70, ST20, and ST219. Isolates harbored extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, notably blaCTX-M-15, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, and virulence genes associated with iron acquisition (yersiniabactin), adhesion, and capsule biosynthesis. Disinfectant resistance genes, including qacE, were also detected, with several resistance and virulence determinants co-occurring with plasmid-associated sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness among isolates from treated effluent, indicating persistence of clinically relevant lineages within wastewater systems. Wastewater-based genomic surveillance provides an effective approach for characterizing AMR, virulence, and disinfectant resistance, supporting genome-informed surveillance and wastewater management in water-scarce settings.

PMID 42630010
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about amoxicillin