cilostazol + ginko biloba extract (Rinexin / SID142 / SID 142)

Tree health status and its influencing factors in street green space of Xiong'an New Area, China.

Shun-Yi Shu S, Tian-Hui Zhang Z, Rui Ren R, Shu-Xin Fan F et al.

We developed a health assessment system for arboreal species in street green spaces of Xiong'an New Area, which comprised 12 indicators with four dimensions: whole-tree, crown, foliage, and trunk, with health grades classified into levels Ⅰ-Ⅴ (corresponding to healthy, sub-healthy, moderate healthy, unhealthy, and mori-bund, respectively). We surveyed 24 roads with 1040 trees, belonging to 32 species, 17 genera, and 11 families. Healthy and sub-healthy individuals together accounted for 63.8%, while unhealthy and moribund trees accounted for 11.0% and 4.0%, respectively. The three tree species with the highest application frequency were Styphnolo-bium japonicum, Fraxinus chinensis, and Ginkgo biloba. There were significant differences in health status among the 14 tree species with application frequency >5%. Pinus bungeana exhibited the highest health grade, while Acer ×freemanii, G. biloba, Prunus ×yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino', and Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpurea' showed relatively lower health grades. Nine factors were significantly correlated with tree health in the street green spaces of Xiong'an New Area, including crown width, tree height, species origin, adjacent land use type, planting scenario, tree pit type, underlying surface composition, planting time, and pruning intensity. Furthermore, there were significant interactive effects with tree species for crown width and pruning intensity. Arboreal trees in the street green spaces of Xiong'an New Area faced certain health risks. Prioritizing stress-resistant native species, improving site conditions according to species-specific requirements, standardizing planting and construction practices, and implementing precise maintenance management were key measures to enhance tree health.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Endurance and Cognitive Performance in Male Mountaineers Under Normobaric Hypoxia After Acetazolamide Treatment.

Mansouri Sara S, Tadibi Vahid V

This study examined whether Ginkgo biloba (GB), used as an adjunct to acetazolamide (Az) for acute mountain sickness (AMS) prevention, affected endurance and cognitive performance under normobaric hypoxia in male mountaineers. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial included four sessions and two supplementation phases (GB and placebo) separated by a 1-week washout period. Testing was conducted under normobaric hypoxic conditions (13% O2). Twelve healthy male mountaineers (aged 18-44) with prior high-altitude experience (above 4000 m), a history of AMS, and regular aerobic training were included. Participants received GB (200 mg/day) or a placebo for 5 days, with Az (125 mg, three doses) administered during the final 2 days of each phase. GB supplementation was associated with a significantly longer time to exhaustion (p = 0.019) and lower ratings of perceived exertion (p = 0.020) during treadmill exercise to exhaustion under hypoxia. However, no significant between-condition differences were observed for the Feeling Scale, Felt Arousal Scale, heart rate, or peripheral oxygen saturation during the endurance test. No significant differences were found in choice reaction time or Stroop Color-Word Test outcomes. In conclusion, GB supplementation for 5 days was associated with a longer time to exhaustion under simulated altitude in male mountaineers using Az for AMS prevention, while no significant between-condition differences were observed in cognitive outcomes. The endurance finding is preliminary and should be regarded as exploratory pending confirmation in larger studies. Because Az was administered in both conditions, the effect of GB without Az cannot be determined from this design. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry (www.irct.behdasht.gov.ir, IRCT ID: IRCT20230711058744N1).

Evaluating the therapeutic potential of L-arginine and licorice extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats: targeting interconnected molecular pathways.

El-Sayed Yasmeen Y, El-Ghaweet Heba A HA, Elrefaeey Abdelaziz A AA, Abou-El-Naga Amoura M AM

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction. L-arginine and licorice extract, known for their antioxidant properties, are used to manage infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of licorice extract and L-arginine on ovarian morphology, oocyte maturation, and pregnancy rates in PCOS-induced rats. Female rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 12): Group I (Control) received no treatment; Group II (Licorice) received 150 mg/kg licorice extract for 21 days; Group III (L-Arginine) received 22.9 mg/kg L-arginine for 21 days; Group IV (PCOS Model) received 1 mg/kg letrozole for 21 days to induce PCOS; Group V (Licorice + PCOS) received 150 mg/kg licorice extract post-PCOS induction; Group VI (L-Arginine + PCOS) received 22.9 mg/kg L-arginine post-PCOS induction. The study analyzed ovarian morphology, serum lipid profiles, antioxidant markers, nitric oxide levels, inflammatory cytokines, reproductive hormones, and Amhr2 gene expression, in conjunction with ovarian histopathology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA and Ki-67. L-arginine and licorice extract significantly improved lipid profiles, reduced oxidative stress (MDA, NO), and enhanced antioxidant activity (SOD, Catalase). They also showed beneficial effects on ovarian function, inflammation, and reproductive hormones, suggesting their therapeutic potential in managing PCOS. Fertility success improved from 33.3% in PCOS rats to 100% in both treatment groups, with increased litter sizes (9.25 ± 0.63 and 8.25 ± 0.75, respectively).

Correction: Comparative pre- and post- treatment effects of aqueous Zingiber Officinale Rhizome extract on cadmium-induced renal dysfunction in wistar rats: insights into NF-kB, NrF2 and Caspase-3 pathways.

Onigbo Ezinne Obioma EO, Ukoha Ukoha U, Esomchi Collins Nduka CN, Ichie Kelechi Emmanuel KE