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fluticasone propionate + formoterol fumarate dihydrate

✓ Approved

Vectura Group Ltd · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is fluticasone propionate + formoterol fumarate dihydrate?

fluticasone propionate + formoterol fumarate dihydrate is a small molecule developed by Vectura Group Ltd. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

CompanyVectura Group Ltd
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2, NR3C1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Vectura Group Ltd

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

fluticasone propionate + formoterol fumarate dihydrate acts on 2 molecular targets:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

fluticasone propionate + formoterol fumarate dihydrate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedBiomarker research2026-08-25

HIRA loss is frequent but not universal in human fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma and defines divergent oncogenic programs.

Shi Xu X, Tan Zehua Z, Sun Guangxi G, Zeng Hao H et al.

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-dRCC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy driven by fumarate accumulation and widespread epigenetic reprogramming. Although Valcarcel-Jimenez et al. have demonstrated that loss of the histone chaperone Hira is a critical and necessary event for the malignant transformation of Fh1-deficient cells through activation of MYC-dependent transcriptional programs based on murine models, by analyzing HIRA protein expression and transcriptomic profiles in a multicenter cohort of human FH-dRCC tumors harboring either germline or somatic FH mutations, we found that HIRA loss was frequent (73.9%, 17/23) but not universal. Although HIRA status was not associated with clinical outcomes, transcriptomic analyses revealed two divergent oncogenic programs: HIRA-negative tumors are characterized by activation of MYC and mTORC1 signaling, whereas HIRA-positive tumors preferentially engage Wnt and Notch pathways. These findings suggest that HIRA loss is not an obligate event in human FH-dRCC tumorigenesis, but instead may direct toward distinct molecular trajectories.

PMID 42638137
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PubMedVeterinary world2026-08-24

Synergistic effects of Leucaena leucocephala-ginger phytogenic pellet on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and enteric methane mitigation in Thai native beef cattle.

Wadjeam Parichat P, Phesatcha Kampanat K, Matra Maharach M, Ampapon Thiwakorn T et al.

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants contribute substantially to greenhouse gas accumulation and represent an energy loss that reduces feed efficiency. Phytogenic feed additives rich in bioactive compounds have attracted attention as sustainable alternatives to manipulate rumen fermentation. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel Leucaena leucocephala-ginger phytogenic pellet (LGP) and determine its effects on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and CH4 mitigation in Thai native beef cattle. Four female Thai native beef cattle (230 ± 10 kg) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Animals received a basal diet consisting of concentrate at 1.0% of body weight and rice straw, supplemented with LGP at 0, 50, 100, or 150 g/head/day. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood metabolites, microbial populations, and microbial protein synthesis were evaluated. LGP supplementation did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, or blood urea nitrogen levels (p > 0.05). However, supplementation improved dry matter digestibility, increasing from 55.4% to 60.0%, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, increasing from 60.1% to 67.6% (p < 0.05). The highest supplementation level (150 g/head/day) increased ruminal propionate concentration to 28.8 mol/100 mol and enhanced bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis, reaching 68.1 g N/day (p < 0.05). Protozoal counts declined to 4.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL, accompanied by a reduction in estimated CH4 production to 23.7 mM/L (p < 0.05). No adverse health effects or clinical signs associated with mimosine toxicity were observed throughout the experiment. Supplementation with LGP at 150 g/head/day effectively improved rumen fermentation efficiency, enhanced fiber utilization and microbial protein synthesis, increased propionate production, and reduced protozoal populations and enteric CH4 formation. These findings demonstrate the synergistic potential of L. leucocephala and ginger as a practical phytogenic feed additive to improve rumen function and promote environmentally sustainable beef production under tropical conditions. Further long-term studies involving direct CH4 measurements and production performance evaluations are warranted.

PMID 42634766
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PubMedFood research international (Ottawa, Ont.)2026-08-24

Scleroglucan from Agroathelia rolfsii ameliorates glucolipid metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice and is associated with gut microbiota and metabolite changes.

Yin Dafang D, Tong Kairui K, Zhou Min M, Yu Ping P et al.

Obesity is closely associated with glucolipid dysregulation, hepatic steatosis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Scleroglucan (Sclg), a microbial β-glucan produced by Agroathelia rolfsii, has attracted increasing interest owing to its distinctive β-(1 → 3)/(1 → 6)-glucan structure, but its metabolic effects remain unclear. In this study, Sclg was characterized as a high-molecular-weight β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan with β-(1 → 6)-linked branches (1239 kDa), and its metabolic effects were evaluated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Sclg reduced body weight gain and white adipose tissue accumulation, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, ameliorated serum lipid abnormalities, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Hepatic qPCR analysis showed that Sclg decreased lipogenesis-related Srebp1c and Fasn expression and inflammatory Il6 and Il1b expression. Sclg intervention was also associated with a partial improvement in gut microbial diversity and enrichment of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Eisenbergiella. Consistently, Sclg increased fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate while reducing isobutyrate and isovalerate. Untargeted fecal metabolomics revealed broad changes in lipid- and bile acid-related metabolites, including palmitoleic acid, 3-OH-C16:1-carnitine, bile acid derivatives, sphingolipids, LysoPC(22:6), and PC/PI-related species, with enriched pathways involving glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Sclg also altered hepatic and ileal genes related to enterohepatic bile acid signaling and lipid homeostasis, including Cyp7a1, Fxr, Fgf15, Tgr5, and Cyp27a1. These findings provide new insight into the metabolic effects of Sclg and may inform the development of targeted nutritional strategies using microbial β-glucans for obesity-related metabolic health management.

PMID 42637314
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PubMedProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2026-08-24

A shift toward proteolytic gut fermentation links systemic inflammation to clinical phenotypes in major depressive disorder.

Niu Mengqi M, Luo Yiping Y, Yangyang Chenkai C, Almulla Abbas F AF et al.

The "Neuro-Immune-Metabolic-Oxidative Stress" (NIMETOX) theory identified systemic dysregulation in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet the precise gut-derived metabolic triggers initiating this cascade remain elusive. This study investigated the interplay between fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), systemic immune activation, and clinical phenotypes to identify a potential "gut-immune biotype" for MDD. Fecal SCFA profiles and serum immune-inflammatory markers were quantified in 102 patients with MDD and 38 matched healthy controls. A multistage statistical approach was employed: binary logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis were utilized to evaluate the joint discriminative performance of the biomarkers, while multivariable regression models were applied to examine associations with clinical phenotypes, including the overall severity of depression (OSOD), physiosomatic symptoms, and recurrence of illness (ROI). MDD patients exhibited a significant depletion of protective straight-chain SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) and an elevation in branched-chain SCFAs (BSCFAs), indicating a pathological shift from saccharolytic to proteolytic fermentation. This metabolic shift correlated with elevated acute phase inflammatory index (API) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). A multidimensional model combining BSCFAs, acetate, API, and EGF discriminated MDD from controls with adequate accuracy (AUC = 0.871). Furthermore, elevated BSCFAs and decreased protective SCFAs were strongly associated with higher OSOD, more severe physiosomatic symptoms, and increased ROI. Notably, 5-HT1A agent use remained associated with higher BSCFA levels after adjustment for MDD status. MDD is characterized by a distinct "gut-immune biotype" tightly linked to toxic proteolytic gut fermentation. This metabolic-immune fingerprint provides a systems biology explanation for MDD and highlights the need for microbiome-targeted interventions in precision psychiatry.

PMID 42636957
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PubMedPoultry science2026-08-24

Effects of microbial-phytase co-fermentation of sorghum on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities and cecal microbiota in meat ducks.

Chang Junlei J, Deng Yu Y, Yang Jianqi J, Liu Yang Y et al.

This study evaluated the nutritional value and feeding effects of microbial-phytase co-fermented sorghum (MPCFS) in Cherry Valley meat ducks. MPCFS was prepared by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, and phytase. In experiment 1, 128 male ducks (22 days old) received a basal diet, diets replacing 30% of the basal diet with sorghum or MPCFS, or a nitrogen free diet to assess nutrients digestibility. In experiment 2, 240 male ducks (15 days old) were fed for 21 days with either a corn soybean meal diet or diets in which 70% of corn was substituted with sorghum or MPCFS. The results indicated that MPCFS significantly increased crude protein (CP), acid soluble protein (ASP), and ash in sorghum, while reducing phytic acid (PA) and fiber contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, MPCFS significantly improved the digestibility of CP, ether extract (EE), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), and gross energy (GE) (P < 0.05), alongside increasing the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Leu, Lys, Met, Val, His, and Trp (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, compared with the sorghum group, the MPCFS diet significantly increased 35 day body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, substituting corn with MPCFS significantly enhanced duodenal amylase, lipase and trypsin activities (P < 0.05). In the cecum, compared with the sorghum, MPCFS significantly increased cecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations (P < 0.05). Microbial analysis revealed that MPCFS improved cecal microbial α diversity in meat ducks, increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased that of Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Desulfovibrio, and Streptococcus (P < 0.05). Collectively, MPCFS improved sorghum utilization in meat ducks by enhancing nutrient digestibility, digestive function, cecal short-chain fatty acid production, and gut microbial composition.

PMID 42636573
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PubMedVeterinary world2026-08-24

Metabolomic profiling reveals candidate biomarkers and key metabolic pathways associated with milk production performance in Sapera dairy goats.

Islamiyati Rohmiyatul R, Diansyah Athhar Manabi AM, Rahmat Rahmat R, Nurlatifah Aeni A et al.

Milk production efficiency in dairy goats is strongly influenced by metabolic adaptation during lactation. However, information regarding metabolomic signatures associated with milk production performance in Sapera goats remains limited. This study aimed to characterize serum metabolomic differences between high-production (HP) and low-production (LP) Sapera goats and to identify candidate biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with milk production performance using a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based metabolomics approach. Twenty lactating Sapera goats were classified into HP (n = 10) and LP (n = 10) groups according to previously established milk yield records. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum metabolites were profiled using LC-HRMS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to evaluate metabolic differences between groups. Differential metabolites were identified based on statistical significance and variable importance in projection scores. Metabolite set enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were subsequently performed to identify biological pathways associated with differences in production. Both PCA and PLS-DA demonstrated clear separation between HP and LP goats, indicating distinct metabolic signatures. Fifteen discriminant metabolites were identified as candidate biomarkers associated with milk production performance. Metabolites related to energy and lipid metabolism, including pyruvate, fumarate, glycerol 3-phosphate, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, were more abundant in HP goats. In contrast, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, sphingosine, cystathionine, and ceramide-related intermediates were enriched in LP goats. Enrichment and pathway topology analyses revealed that fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, the citrate cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were the principal pathways associated with differences in milk production. Distinct systemic metabolic signatures were associated with milk production performance in Sapera goats. The identified metabolites indicate coordinated alterations in lipid, central carbon, and amino acid metabolism and may serve as candidate biomarkers of lactation efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for precision nutrition and metabolic management strategies in dairy goat production systems. Further validation using larger populations and longitudinal studies is required to confirm their predictive utility.

PMID 42634725
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