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erythromycin (Erymin / erythromycin, Elan)

✓ Approved

Takeda · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is erythromycin?

erythromycin is a small molecule developed by Takeda. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesErymin, erythromycin, Elan
CompanyTakeda
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Takeda

Therapeutic Indications

erythromycin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsSalmonellosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in pediatrics2026-09-18

Serotypes, sequence types, and erythromycin resistance of maternal colonizing group B Streptococcus: implications for neonatal early-onset disease prevention.

Sun Xia X, Liu Hua H

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization depends on the assumption that a woman identified as colonized receives an antibiotic active against her own isolate, an assumption that routine susceptibility reporting may overestimate when inducible clindamycin resistance is present. This study characterized the capsular serotypes, sequence types, macrolide-lincosamide resistance phenotypes and the intrapartum antibiotic actually administered for maternal colonizing GBS isolates at a single tertiary maternity centre. Banked isolates from antenatal screening were revived and analysed by capsular multiplex PCR, multilocus sequence typing, broth microdilution, D-test and resistance gene PCR, and each isolate was linked to the intrapartum regimen recorded in the corresponding delivery record. Among 120 isolates, serotype III predominated at 35.8%, and the six serotypes included in a hexavalent capsular vaccine accounted for 94.9% of typeable isolates, representing a serotype-based ceiling rather than expected vaccine effectiveness. Thirteen sequence types were resolved, and CC17/ST17 accounted for 11.7% of the collection. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin, whereas erythromycin non-susceptibility reached 63.3%, comprising constitutive (40.0%), inducible (8.3%) and M (15.0%) phenotypes, with a further 3.3% showing the L phenotype. Routine testing classified 56.7% of isolates as clindamycin-susceptible, but effective in-vitro clindamycin availability after reclassification of D-test-positive isolates was 48.3%, an absolute reduction of 8.3 percentage points. The inducible phenotype was more frequent in CC17/ST17 than in other lineages (28.6% versus 5.7%), although this subgroup contained only 14 isolates and should be interpreted as exploratory. Among the women who had actually received clindamycin during labour, half were colonized by isolates against which clindamycin lacked in-vitro activity. These findings support routine D-testing of erythromycin non-susceptible maternal GBS isolates and reporting that states whether clindamycin is suitable for intrapartum prophylaxis.

PMID 42756266
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PubMedEnvironmental microbiology reports2026-09-17

Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Clinically Relevant Enterococcus From Faecal Samples of Conservation-Priority Captive Ungulates in a United Arab Emirates Urban Zoo: A Cross-Sectional Baseline Study.

Habib Ihab I, Qablan Moneeb A MA, Alzaabi Fatema Aaref FA, Alnuaimi Fatema Rashed FR et al.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a One Health challenge driven by microbial exchange among humans, animals and the environment. Zoological institutions offer useful settings for environmental AMR surveillance. This single-zoo cross-sectional study examined the occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) and clinically relevant Enterococcus spp. in faecal samples from 101 clinically healthy captive ungulates representing seven conservation-priority species at a major urban zoo in the United Arab Emirates. NTS was detected in 4/101 samples (3.9%), including serovars Schwarzengrund (n = 2), Kentucky (n = 1) and Chester (n = 1). Among the four recovered NTS isolates, all met the study MDR definition within the tested panel, including a Salmonella Kentucky ST198 isolate carrying multiple resistance genes and quinolone-associated mutations. Enterococcus spp. were detected in 77/101 samples (76.2%), dominated by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus casseliflavus (each 41.5%). Among 33 E. faecium/Enterococcus faecalis isolates tested phenotypically, resistance was generally low, with erythromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance each observed in 9.1%. One clinically important E. faecium isolate showed glycopeptide resistance and genetic markers associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility. These single-institution cross-sectional data provide an initial regional baseline for AMR-relevant enteric bacteria in conservation-managed ungulates and identify priorities for broader longitudinal and interface-based surveillance.

PMID 42750254
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PubMedMicrobiology spectrum2026-09-17

Emerging food- and waterborne pathogen Arcobacter in wastewater: diversity and antibiotic resistance.

Dekić Rozman Svjetlana S, Karkman Antti A, Tomitšik Levi L, Virta Marko M

Arcobacter spp. are emerging food- and waterborne pathogens frequently detected in wastewater. Despite their high abundance in wastewater, Arcobacter diversity, antibiotic resistance, and genomic traits remain poorly characterized. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a comprehensive study of Arcobacter spp. in influent, effluent, and activated sludge from a Finnish wastewater treatment plant using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, isolate-based genomics, and phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing. Arcobacter spp. were highly abundant in raw sewage but substantially removed during treatment. Four Arcobacter species were identified, dominated by Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter suis. A proportion of amplicon sequence variants unclassified to species-level revealed potentially unexplored Arcobacter diversity. For the first time, we observed intragenomic variability in 16S rRNA gene copies of A. cryaerophilus, highlighting the importance of integrating culture-based and culture-independent approaches. Phenotypic testing revealed high proportions of non-wild-type isolates for clinically relevant antibiotics, including ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Genomic analyses showed that antibiotic resistance profiles were primarily mediated by chromosomally encoded determinants, including β-lactamases, efflux systems, and point mutations. Additionally, a broad arsenal of chromosomal and plasmid-borne resistance genes to heavy metals, biocides, and organic solvents was detected, reflecting adaptations to the wastewater environment. These findings provide novel insights into Arcobacter species-level diversity, resistance mechanisms, and ecological adaptations in anthropogenically influenced environments. The study highlights the significance of Arcobacter for public health and establishes a foundation for further research.IMPORTANCEArcobacter spp. are emerging human and animal pathogens that exhibit increasing resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Most community-acquired infections are linked to exposure through contaminated food and water, yet studies investigating their occurrence and diversity in wastewater remain scarce. Here, we focus on wastewater as an abundant source of Arcobacter spp. and a potential dissemination route contributing to downstream contamination of surface waters, irrigated soils, and possibly the food chain. By characterizing the species-level diversity, genomic traits, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Arcobacter spp. in wastewater, this study provides critical insights into the ecology and epidemiology of this ubiquitous genus.

PMID 42752197
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PubMedJournal, genetic engineering & biotechnology2026-09-16

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from acne, and disrupting their antimicrobial resistance: unveiling the potential of Ganoderma lucidum extract.

Hossain Md Mainuddin MM, Adhikari Juthi J, Khan Md Sharif MS, Based Sadia Binta SB et al.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) are major skin commensals involved in acne pathogenesis and are increasingly associated with antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and resistance patterns of isolated Staphylococcus spp., identify associated risk factors, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extract as a potential natural therapeutic alternative. Acne lesion samples from 135 volunteers were analyzed, yielding 128 S. aureus and 135 S. epidermidis isolates confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed against commonly used drugs. The antibacterial efficacy of G. lucidum extract was tested on Mueller-Hinton agar. Bioinformatics analysis, including molecular docking and ADMET profiling, predicted interactions of G. lucidum bioactives with resistance-related proteins (ermC, mecA, and β-lactamase). Gentamicin and rifampin showed 100% susceptibility in both species. However, erythromycin resistance was 93.3% in S. aureus and 60% in S. epidermidis, while amoxicillin resistance was highest in S. epidermidis (86.7%). Significant risk factors included age, gender, BMI, oily skin, family history, diet, and psychological stress. G. lucidum extract exhibited strong dose-dependent antibacterial activity against both species. Docking and dynamic simulations revealed lucidenic acid D1 strongly and stably binding ermC, while ganoderlactone B and E showed dual binding to mecA and β-lactamase, suggesting inhibition of erythromycin and amoxicillin resistance. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetics and low toxicity. The study highlights high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci in acne and demonstrates the potential of G. lucidum as an effective natural antibacterial and resistance-modifying agent, offering a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics.

PMID 42749395
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-09-16

Engineered sodium alginate/poly (propylene glycol) phosphazene composite hydrogels: Toward functional remodeling of infected full-thickness skin defects.

Mohammadpour Mahnaz M, Hamzehpour Faramarz F, Lotfabadi Alireza A, Abbasi-Maleki Saeid S et al.

In this study, a multifunctional composite hydrogel was developed by combining Sodium Alginate (Alg) with synthesized Poly(propylene glycol) phosphazene (PGP) for infected wound healing. Structural characterizations confirmed successful matrix formation, yielding a tunable macroporous network with excellent swelling capacity, high biosafety (hemolysis <5%), and prominent cell viability exceeding 100% in L929 fibroblasts. Erythromycin (Ery) was efficiently loaded (85.13%) and exhibited a sustained release profile over 96 h. Crucially, the Alg/PGP/Ery composite demonstrated strong synergistic antibacterial and bactericidal efficacy against both S. aureus and E. coli via a membrane-permeabilizing mechanism verified by FESEM. In vivo evaluations in a full-thickness infected rat model confirmed accelerated wound closure (75% y day 14) and marked clearance of the tissue bacterial burden. Furthermore, the hydrogel significantly suppressed local pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) while upregulating angiogenic (VEGF) and extracellular matrix (Collagen I) gene expression. Histological examination corroborated superior tissue remodeling with complete re-epithelialization and the regeneration of cutaneous appendages including hair follicles and sebaceous glands. These findings demonstrate that the Alg/PGP/Ery hydrogel holds great promise as an advanced dressing for infected cutaneous wound repair.

PMID 42748993
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PubMedJournal, genetic engineering & biotechnology2026-09-16

Evaluating the probiotic potential of Bacillus pumilus HFS2 isolated from the gut microbiota of Heteropneustes fossilis for aquaculture applications.

Hossain Md Sakhawat MS, Ahamed Md Imtiaz MI, Sudipta Ashoka Paul AP, Muhosnin Ummul U et al.

Probiotics are increasingly used in aquaculture to enhance fish survival, growth, and health, offering a sustainable approach to fish farming. This study assessed the probiotic properties of Bacillus pumilus HFS2, isolated from the digestive tract of Heteropneustes fossilis. Among fourteen isolates, HFS2 was characterized using physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analyses, and it's in vitro probiotic properties as well as in vivo safety were evaluated. The isolate was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, and aerobic, showing positive results for methyl red, catalase and Voges-Proskauer tests, and a negative result for the indole test. It fermented dextrose, lactose, maltose, and mannitol with acid production but did not ferment sucrose. In vitro probiotic assessments showed that the strain tolerated a temperature range of 4-35 °C, survived at pH 2-5, and tolerated bile concentrations of 2.5-7.5%. The isolate demonstrated promising adhesion-related properties, including autoaggregation (66%), cell surface hydrophobicity (69% with xylene and 68% with toluene), and coaggregation with Lactococcus lactis (53%) and Staphylococcus arlettae (49%). It also exhibited inhibitory activity against fish pathogens such as Lactococcus garvieae, Aeromonas caviae, A. jandaei, A. veronii, and A. hydrophila. The isolate exhibited γ-hemolytic activity, strong biofilm-forming ability, and susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics, including ampicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, while resistance observed only against cefotaxime. In vivo safety evaluation through intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenge at 108 CFU/mL indicated no pathogenic effects in H. fossilis. These results suggest that B. pumilus HFS2 is a resilient and promising potential probiotic candidate for aquaculture applications.

PMID 42749458
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