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indometacin (IV) (Indocin IV)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is indometacin (IV)?

indometacin (IV) is a small molecule developed by Merck & Co.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIndocin IV
CompanyMerck & Co.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

indometacin (IV) acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

indometacin (IV) is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersPatent ductus arteriosus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026-08-25

Astragaloside IV mitigates mitochondrial damage and neurological symptoms in rats with cervical spondylotic myelopathy by inhibiting IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway.

Han Xin X, Li Xianlin X, Bu Xianzhong X

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) exhibits pharmacological effects like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Interleukin (IL)-17 and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/nuclear factor-κB (TRAF6/NF-κB) pathway are closely associated with nerve injury, but whether AS-IV improves cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)-related nerve injury through this pathway remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether AS-IV ameliorates nerve injury in CSM rats by regulating the IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB axis. Primary spinal cord neurons were obtained from newborn rats, and neuronal injury was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The optimal concentration of AS-IV was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Inflammatory cytokines, neuronal apoptosis, and mitochondrial function were detected by ELISA, Western Blot, flow cytometry, and fluorescence staining. The CSM rat model was constructed, and the motor function and pathological damage of spinal cord tissue were evaluated by behavioral score and pathological staining. The pathway-related proteins levels were assessed using Western Blot, and mitochondrial morphology in spinal cord tissue was viewed through transmission electron microscopy. LPS reduced neuronal viability, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential levels and promoted apoptosis and pro-inflammatory factor secretion. AS-IV treatment reversed the above effects. IL-17 was highly expressed in LPS-induced neurons. IL-17 antibody inhibited TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced LPS-induced neuronal damage. AS-IV downregulated IL-17, and TRAF6 overexpression reversed the pathway inhibition of AS-IV, while silencing TRAF6 has the opposite effect. In vivo AS-IV improved behavioral score in CSM rats, restored lower limb electrophysiological potentials, mitigated pathological spinal cord damage, inhibited the IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway, preserved mitochondrial morphology, increased surviving neurons, reduced apoptosis, and promoted axon regeneration. AS-IV effectively improves mitochondrial dysfunction and associated damage in neurons by inhibiting IL-17 to hinder the TRAF6/NF-κB axis, thereby alleviating neurological symptoms in CSM rats.

PMID 42637867
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PubMedLight, science & applications2026-08-25

Giant anomalous exciton-multiphoton nonlinearities in layered hybrid perovskites.

Xu Yanming Y, Liu Yi Y, Yu Chao C, Xu Jinlong J et al.

Directly full-color frequency-upconversion under high-order multiphoton absorption (MPA) nonlinearities in NIR-III (1550-1870 nm) and NIR-IV (2100-2300 nm) windows is highly desirable for advanced photonics and bioimaging. However, it has remained beyond the reach of current materials due to their inherently weak high-order MPA. Here, we demonstrate that, driven by Bloch oscillations of excitonic dipoles after nonlinear polarization, giant multiphoton nonlinearities can be achieved in layered hybrid perovskites to enable full-color upconversion in NIR-III/IV windows. The MPA cross-section values of the designed three Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than those of the reported MPA materials. These advancements facilitate versatile applications previously inaccessible in NIR-III/IV windows, including full-color upconversion displays and multicolor information encryption. Our work highlights the prospect of efficient high-order MPA and opens avenues for investigating excitonic quantum dynamics in high-order nonlinear optics.

PMID 42637711
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PubMedEmergency medicine international2026-08-25

Association of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase With Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Large-Scale Analysis Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

Zhang Nu N, Wu Zhiyu Z, Luo Mengyuan M, Mi Zhihua Z et al.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) frequently occurs during critical illness and represents a serious complication of sepsis. Although serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may reflect tissue injury and metabolic derangement, large-cohort evidence relating LDH to SA-AKI remains limited. We analyzed a retrospective cohort of adults with sepsis identified in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV). The exposure was serum LDH recorded during the first 24 h after ICU admission, grouped by quartile. Associations with SA-AKI were estimated using logistic regression models with stepwise covariate adjustment for demographics, comorbid disease, illness severity, and selected metabolic and inflammatory laboratory variables. Restricted cubic splines were fitted to assess possible nonlinearity. The final cohort comprised 9461 patients. The incidence of SA-AKI increased from 44.2% in the lowest LDH quartile to 70.6% in the highest quartile (p < 0.001). In the expanded model including demographics, comorbidities, illness severity, lactate, white blood cell count, and glucose, higher LDH levels retained a statistically significant association with SA-AKI (adjusted OR: 1.033 per 100 U/L, 95% CI: 1.025-1.042, p < 0.001). Spline modeling indicated nonlinearity, with the curve becoming steeper in the higher LDH range. In this MIMIC-IV cohort, LDH values obtained during the first 24 h after ICU admission were positively associated with SA-AKI. Because the analysis was observational, the results should be viewed as associative rather than causal.

PMID 42639340
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-08-25

Correction: Body mass index and fasting insulin predict survival and EGFR-TKI benefit in Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma.

Guo Huiru H, Liu Lingshuang L, Baak Jan P A JPA

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1742177.].

PMID 42639358
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PubMedJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2026-08-25

Artificial intelligence-enabled causal estimate of Medicare drug plan integration in cancer care: A doubly robust machine learning instrumental variable analysis.

Jiang Xiangxiang X, Snipes Jayda J, Wu Jun J, Li Minghui M et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly used to strengthen policy evaluation in managed care pharmacy. Among Medicare beneficiaries with cancer, which is one of the most clinically complex and costly populations, prescription drug coverage is obtained through either integrated Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug plans (MA-PDs) or stand-alone Prescription Drug Plans (PDPs). However, causal evidence of plans' impact remains limited because of nonrandom enrollment. To apply an AI-enabled causal inference framework to estimate the causal effect of PDP vs MA-PD enrollment on health care utilization and spending among Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. We conducted a nationally representative analysis among patients with cancer aged 65 years or older using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data linked to Medicare claims, supplemented with data from the Area Health Resources Files from 2019 to 2022. Outcomes included annual inpatient, outpatient, and prescription drug events, as well as total, Medicare, and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures (inflation-adjusted to 2025 USD). Guided by the National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Framework, 63 multidimensional covariates were incorporated. To address nonrandom plan selection, we implemented conventional regression, two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) instrumental variables (IVs), and an AI-enabled Doubly Robust Machine Learning IV (DML-IV) approach. The IVs in this study included the county-level PDP penetration rate and the percentage of white-collar workers. A total of 3,140 unweighted patients with cancer, corresponding to 22,207,248 weighted patients, were included, with 51.20% enrolled in PDP. For health care use, the naive model showed higher inpatient (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.30) and outpatient events (IRR = 1.86) among PDP enrollees; after 2SRI adjustment, only outpatient events remained significant (IRR = 1.56), and no utilization differences were significant in the DML-IV model. For health care costs, the naive model indicated higher total (cost ratio = 1.69), Medicare (cost ratio = 9.94), and OOP spending (cost ratio = 1.63). In the 2SRI model, total (cost ratio = 1.35), Medicare (cost ratio = 5.81), and OOP costs (cost ratio = 1.86) remained elevated. In the DML-IV model, total costs were no longer significant, whereas Medicare (cost ratio = 4.14) and OOP costs (cost ratio = 2.18) remained significantly higher. After rigorous AI-enabled causal adjustment, differences in health care utilization and costs between PDP and MA-PD plans largely reflect enrollment selection, whereas financial exposure, particularly beneficiary OOP spending, remains higher under stand-alone PDP coverage. These findings highlight how AI-based causal methods can support managed care and managed care pharmacy leaders in evaluating benefit integration and designing strategies to improve financial protection for high-cost populations.

PMID 42640126
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PubMedArthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association2026-08-25

Positive Response to Preoperative Intra-articular Anesthetic Injection Suggests Favorable Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Deshpande Viraj V, Saunders Patrick P, Intarachumnum Napat N, Zediker Coen C et al.

To evaluate the prognostic efficacy of in-office local anesthetic intra-articular injection response in predicting hip arthroscopy outcomes. This scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to October 1, 2024. The articles were reviewed, and the risk of bias was assessed. Pertinent data was extracted and analyzed. Four studies (n = 368 patients; 48.6% women; mean age 21.6-38.8 years; level of evidence II-IV; mean follow-up 12-24 months) evaluated local anesthetic injections (lidocaine alone or with ropivacaine; 5 to 20 mL) assessed 20 to 30 minutes postinjection for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Definitions of positive injection response varied substantially. Three of the 4 studies showed significant associations between positive injection response and superior postoperative outcomes, with positive responders achieving higher Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living, Hip Outcome Score-Sports, Nonarthritic Hip Score, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System scores (P = .003-0.045) and higher minimum clinically important difference/patient acceptable symptomatic state achievement rates. Change in Visual Analog Scale for Pain predicted substantial clinical benefit (odds ratio 1.2, P < .001), and postinjection International Hip Outcome Tool correlated with 1-year outcomes (r = 0.784, P < .001). Postoperative modified Harris Hip Score ranged from 87.5 to 87.7 in positive responders versus 81.6 to 84 in negative responders. One study found no significant correlation (P = .589), with 49% of patients with poor surgical outcomes showing good injection response. Based on limited available literature, it is suggested that a positive in-office response to intra-articular injection of local anesthetic portends a favorable outcome after hip arthroscopy. A negative response to in-office injection was not suggested to foreshadow a poor surgical outcome and based on the current evidence is inconclusive as a tool by which to help select surgical candidates. Level IV, systematic review of Level II to IV studies.

PMID 42638273
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