carbocysteine lysine salt (Fluifort / Pectox Lisina)

Salt-induced modulation of titanium nanoparticle accumulation with osmoregulatory and histological responses in freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus).

Armagan Meryem M, Celenk Alper A, Canli Esin G EG, Canli Mustafa M

The salinity of freshwaters can increase due to anthropogenic activities, which affects animal biology. This may be important for freshwater mussels, which are frequently used to monitor environmental pollution. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs and/or salt (NaCl) on titanium accumulation, ion-ATPase activity and histology in freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus). Data showed that mussels were extremely sensitive to salinity increases, as 70% of them died within 96 h in 6 ppt NaCl. There was a linear accumulation of TiO2 NPs in the gill and muscle regardless of salt level. However, accumulation in the gill was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at a higher salt level (1.50 ppt) than at a lower salt level (<0.25 ppt). Activities of Na-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the gill and Ca-ATPase in the muscle of higher salt controls were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to those of lower salt controls. Exposure to TiO2 NPs alone significantly decreased Na-ATPase activity in the gill. Generally, there was no significant (p > 0.05) alteration in ATPase activity when mussels were exposed to TiO2 NPs at higher salt levels. Regression analyses showed a negative relationship between Ti levels and Na-ATPase activity in the gills of mussels exposed to TiO2 NPs alone. Likewise, outstanding histological differences occurred in the gills of mussels exposed to TiO2 NPs and/or higher salt levels. Nevertheless, 1.5 ppt NaCl alone did not cause any apparent tissue deformation. Data emphasised that salinity should be taken into account in environmental monitoring studies conducted on freshwater mussels.

Combining participatory and GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis for salt marsh restoration and rebuilding planning in the Venice lagoon.

García Perla Irasema Rivadeneyra PIR, Dabalà Caterina C, Coccon Francesca F, Sfriso Adriano A et al.

The Venice Lagoon has experienced a long-term decline of salt marsh habitats due to sediment deficit, morphological deepening, increased hydrodynamic exposure, and human-induced alterations to lagoon processes. Identifying suitable locations for restoration is therefore a key challenge for lagoon management. This study applies a participatory GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (S-PMCA) to support the spatial prioritization of salt marsh restoration and rebuilding within the framework of the WaterLANDS and REST-COAST projects. The analysis combined stakeholder knowledge with spatially explicit environmental information. An initial set of criteria was reviewed through a pre-workshop survey involving 21 stakeholders and subsequently refined during a workshop attended by 43 participants. The final analysis incorporated six spatial criteria: distance from canals, wind fetch, proximity to existing salt marshes, historical salt marsh loss, seagrass protection, and water quality. Criteria were transformed into standardized suitability layers and weighted according to stakeholder preferences. Distance from canals received the highest average importance weight (21.4/100), whereas water quality received the lowest (13.8/100). Suitability maps were generated using an Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) approach and combined with a bathymetry-based proxy of restoration costs to perform a spatial cost-effectiveness assessment. Priority restoration areas were identified along lagoon margins and near the Malamocco-Marghera Canal, where wave attenuation potential, ecological connectivity, historical marsh presence, and favourable implementation conditions converge. By combining stakeholder preferences with morphodynamic conditions, ecological factors, and implementation costs, this study supports the identification of restoration areas that are both feasible and strategically relevant in the Venice Lagoon.

Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films Technique as a Tool for Matrix Separation and Preconcentration for Sensitive Determination of Cd and Pb in Table Salt.

Senila Marin M, Angyus Simion Bogdan SB

Herein, we developed a sensitive and accurate analytical methodology based on diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique for matrix separation and preconcentration of Cd and Pb from table salt solution prior to their quantification by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The methodology relies on the passive accumulation of the analytes from an aqueous table salt solution over a 24-h period using a relatively simple and inexpensive tool. The linear accumulation of Cd and Pb during a 24 h DGT deployment was evaluated, with determination coefficients (R 2) of 0.9939 and 0.9887, respectively. The performance parameters of the proposed methodology were evaluated in accordance with the requirements specified in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulations 2023/915/EU, 2011/836/EU, and 2007/333/EC. The limits of detection for Cd and Pb in salt samples were determined to be 38 and 81 μg kg-1, respectively. The method demonstrated trueness values ranging from 85% to 92%, precision expressed as relative standard deviations between 11.0% and 13.1%, and combined standard measurement uncertainties of 13.2% for Cd and 14.0% for Pb. These performance characteristics satisfy the minimum requirements mandated for analytical methods employed in official laboratories for the quantification of Cd and Pb in food matrices. The validated method was applied to the analysis of 10 types of refined and unrefined table salt from Romanian markets. In two samples, the Pb concentration exceeded the maximum level established by Commission Regulations 2023/915/EU. The proposed method shows good analytical potential and can be easily implemented in control laboratories.

Ultra-processed and High fat-salt-sugar (HFSS) foods in India: a dual-axis framework for regulation.

Chakraborty Sneha S, Gavaravarapu SubbaRao M SM, Reddy N Samarasimha S, Kulkarni Bharati B