Drug Database
DE

dexamethasone (OT502 / IBI10090 / OT 502)

✓ Approved

Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd. · NR3C1 · Steroids

What is dexamethasone?

dexamethasone is a steroids developed by Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intraocular injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesOT502, IBI10090, OT 502
CompanyOcumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSteroids, Small Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteInjectable (Others), Intraocular Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

dexamethasone acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

dexamethasone is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Eye disordersCataract✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-09-20

Beyond the Usual Pathogens: Community-Acquired Meningoencephalitis Caused by Streptococcus equi in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Hammadi Hicham H, Elbouti Anas A, Chikhi Brahim B, Aarjouni Youssef Y et al.

Streptococcus equi is a rare zoonotic pathogen that only occasionally causes invasive central nervous system infections in humans. We report the case of a previously healthy 50-year-old man who presented with fever and altered mental status in the setting of recent animal exposure. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with acute bacterial meningitis, while direct microscopy and multiplex polymerase chain reaction identified S. equi. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Despite early initiation of intravenous ceftriaxone and adjunctive dexamethasone, the patient's course was complicated by generalized status epilepticus requiring intensive care support. He subsequently showed progressive neurological recovery with a favorable outcome. This case underscores the importance of considering S. equi as a potential cause of community-acquired bacterial meningoencephalitis in patients with relevant zoonotic exposure and highlights the value of rapid molecular diagnostics for early pathogen identification and targeted antimicrobial therapy.

PMID 42763617
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026-09-20

Hydrodynamically decoupled nanoprecipitation (HDNP): A multi-stage strategy for supersaturation, controlled delayed nucleation, and stabilization of low LogP poorly-water soluble drugs.

Castillo-Henríquez Luis L, Mathieu Clélia C, Gahoual Rabah R, Pratama Dhanang Edy DE et al.

Poor aqueous solubility is a major drawback of modern drug candidates, affecting their biopharmaceutical performance. Solvent-antisolvent methods involving rapid mixing, such as Flash Nanoprecipitation and Sequential Nanoprecipitation, have advanced the field. However, these remain restricted to compounds with relatively high hydrophobicity (minimum LogP ≥4.5-6). To address this limitation, we introduce Hydrodynamically Decoupled Nanoprecipitation (HDNP). The approach enables decoupling supersaturation, nucleation, and stabilization by controlling the hydrodynamic environments. Dexamethasone (DEX, LogP: 1.83) was used as a model drug. A mechanistically and physics-informed framework was developed, integrating in-line dynamic light scattering for count rate evolution assessment, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Design of Experiments for design space establishment. CFD revealed periodic shear stress, high turbulent dissipation rates, and local flow reversal during pulsatile flow under various Womersley numbers, providing favorable hydrodynamic conditions for controlled delayed nucleation. HDNP of DEX successfully produced mainly amorphous nanoparticles (DEX-NPs) stabilized with P407. DEX-NPs exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 241 nm, PdI of 0.246, loading efficiency of 77%, enhanced dissolution relative to the micronized drug, and physicochemical stability for at least two weeks. The approach was further evaluated using prednisolone (LogP: 1.62). These findings demonstrate the applicability of HDNP to the nanoprecipitation of the used corticosteroids and highlights its potential as a promising platform for other poorly water-soluble compounds with low LogP.

PMID 42763499
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PubMedIDCases2026-09-20

Vision-threatening ocular toxoplasmosis involving the fovea diagnosed by intraocular fluid mNGS: A case report.

Xie Sijian S, Wu Li L, Liu Ying Y, Jiang Shangping S et al.

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide and may lead to irreversible visual impairment when the macula is involved. Definitive diagnosis remains challenging because clinical manifestations overlap with those of other infectious and inflammatory retinal disorders. We report a case of active ocular toxoplasmosis involving the fovea in an immunocompetent 44-year-old man presenting with progressive unilateral visual loss and central scotoma. Ophthalmic examination revealed keratic precipitates, mild vitritis, and a yellow-white inflammatory lesion involving the macular region. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated progressive hyperfluorescent staining, and optical coherence tomography showed a hyperreflective subfoveal lesion. Serological testing was positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies. Intraocular fluid analysis demonstrated positive anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) directly identified Toxoplasma gondii DNA, providing molecular evidence supporting the diagnosis. The patient denied cat ownership or close feline exposure but reported occasional consumption of raw salmon. Treatment consisted of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with methylprednisolone and two intravitreal injections of clindamycin plus dexamethasone. Significant regression of the retinal lesion was observed after treatment. This case highlights the diagnostic value of intraocular fluid mNGS in ocular toxoplasmosis and emphasizes the importance of considering ocular toxoplasmosis in patients presenting with posterior uveitis involving the macula, even in the absence of traditional epidemiological risk factors.

PMID 42763505
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PubMedFrontiers in endocrinology2026-09-19

Plasma cortisol cut-off concentrations using the dexamethasone suppression test in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.

Jørgensen Nanna Thurmann NT, Borresen Stina Willemoes SW, Hilsted Linda L, Christoffersen Christina C et al.

Assessment of cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas remains challenging. We evaluated the guideline-recommended cortisol cut-off value for cortisol suppression (50 nmol/L) following a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) against a control-derived threshold and compared patient classification using the two thresholds. Secondary objectives included assessing associations of pre-DST ACTH, post-DST dexamethasone, and comorbidities with post-DST cortisol. In this cross-sectional study (NCT07350031), pre- and post-DST plasma samples from patients with adrenal incidentalomas (N = 108) and matched controls (N = 101) were prospectively collected, and cortisol was analysed using immunoassay (Elecsys®Cort II) and LC-MS/MS. Post-DST dexamethasone ≥3 nmol/L defined appropriate dexamethasone exposure. The 97.5th percentile of LC-MS/MS-measured post-DST cortisol in controls defined the control-derived threshold. Associations between pre-DST ACTH, post-DST dexamethasone, and post-DST cortisol were assessed. The performance of pre-DST ACTH for identifying post-DST cortisol >50 nmol/L was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Logistic regression examined associations between post-DST cortisol and diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and osteoporosis. The 97.5th percentile of post-DST cortisol in controls was 66 nmol/L. The 50 nmol/L threshold corresponded to the 90th percentile of controls and classified 44% of patients as having hypercortisolism, compared with 26% using the control-derived threshold (66 nmol/L). Pre-DST ACTH showed poor discrimination for post-DST cortisol >50 nmol/L (AUC 0.69). Post-DST cortisol was not associated with dexamethasone concentrations or comorbidities. The guideline-recommended post-DST cortisol threshold of 50 nmol/L may be too low, suggesting that higher thresholds warrant further evaluation.

PMID 42760967
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PubMedJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2026-09-19

Response to Letter "Dexamethasone for PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin cutaneous toxicity: Denominators, regimen identity, and implementation".

Ding Tianhao T

PMID 42762841
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PubMedFrontiers in drug delivery2026-09-19

Synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro assessment of hyaluronic acid-coated solid lipid nanoparticles entrapping dexamethasone palmitate designed for intra-articular administration.

Zhang Jinxin J, Khandelia Rumi R, Hogg Bridget B, Bahlool Ahmad Z AZ et al.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major cause of pain and disability worldwide, particularly affecting the knee joint. Although intra-articular (IA) treatments including corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid (HA), are commonly used to manage symptoms, their therapeutic effects are often short-lived, necessitating repeated injections. In this study, HA-coated solid lipid nanoparticles (HA-DXP-SLNs) entrapping with the glucocorticoid prodrug, dexamethasone palmitate (DXP) was developed as dual-function nanocarrier system for IA delivery. Using a scalable microfluidics platform, monodisperse SLNs of ∼90 nm in diameter were produced with high DXP encapsulation efficiency (88%) and loading capacity (6% w/w). In phosphate buffered saline (PBS), DXP-SLNs exhibited a biphasic release profile with an initial burst followed by sustained release of DXP, which was further moderated by HA surface coating. HA coatings of the SLNs enhanced particle stability, shifted particle surface charge from positive to negative, and enabled uptake by patient-derived primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes (hOAAC). Incubation in murine plasma demonstrated enzymatic conversion of DXP to dexamethasone (DEX), which accumulated in plasma over 72 h. HA-DXP-SLNs suppressed prostaglandin E2 production by LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes and by hOAAC more effectively than uncoated DXP-SLNs, while maintaining cell viability. These findings indicate that the HA coating of SLNs contributes to in vitro therapeutic efficacy of the overall SLNs, as well as to particle stabilisation. HA-DXP-SLNs therefore represent a promising nanocarrier for prolonged IA corticosteroid delivery in knee OA, with the potential to reduce the frequency of current IA corticosteroid and HA administration.

PMID 42761182
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