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AM

amphotericin B (Ampholip)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is amphotericin B?

amphotericin B is a small molecule developed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAmpholip
CompanyBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

Therapeutic Indications

amphotericin B is developed for 3 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersEndocardial disease✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsCandida infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsAspergillus infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedBiomedical and environmental sciences : BES2026-11-12

Regulation of Oxidative Stress Associated with an SSK2 Point Mutation Promotes Amphotericin B Resistance in Cryptococcus gattii.

Deng Heng Yu HY, Zang Xue Feng XF, Zhao En Qi EQ, Huang Ye Mei YM et al.

Cryptococcus gattii ( C. gattii) is a pathogenic respiratory fungus that rapidly disseminates through the central nervous system. The current clinical treatments for C. gattii infections are limited by prolonged therapeutic courses, high drug dosages, and insufficient antifungal options. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying amphotericin B (AmB) resistance in C. gattii and provide novel insights for developing targeted antifungal strategies. A total of 27 clinical C. gattii isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for phylogenetic analysis and resistance-related mutation screening. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to construct an SSK2-knockout mutant ( ssk2Δ-G4). Capsule and melanin assays, murine pulmonary infection models, and transcriptomic analyses were performed to verify gene function, evaluate therapeutic efficacy, and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. G4 isolates exhibited prominent AmB resistance with a novel SSK2 c.793A>G missense mutation (p.Thr265Ala; hereafter SSK2 T265A). SSK2 knockout significantly enhanced AmB susceptibility, whereas SSK2 T265A complementation partially restored the resistant phenotype. AmB treatment markedly reduced pulmonary fungal burden and inflammatory infiltration ( P < 0.05) and improved survival ( P < 0.001) in ssk2Δ-G4-infected mice. Mechanistically, this mutation upregulated CAT1 expression and enhanced the reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity and oxidative stress tolerance. SSK2 c.793A>G is closely associated with AmB resistance and functionally contributes to the resistance phenotype. SSK2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for developing AmB synergistic sensitizers and as a research direction for future synergistic treatments of clinically resistant C. gattii strains.

PMID 43016186
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PubMedHuman mutation2026-11-12

The Genetic Architecture of FUT2-FUT3 Variation and Variant Combinations Underlies the Relatively High Prevalence of the Le(a+b+) Phenotype in Thais.

Khumsuk Piyathida P, Nathalang Oytip O, Sasikarn Wiradee W, Thongborisut Kwanlawan K et al.

The Lewis (Le) blood group phenotype reflects the combined effects of FUT2 and FUT3 genetic variation. Weak-secretor alleles associated with reduced α-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 2 activity may permit concurrent Lea and Leb expression, giving rise to the Le(a+b+) phenotype. Although Le(a+b+) is relatively frequent in Thai and other East and Southeast Asian populations, its genetic architecture in Thais remains incompletely understood. This study is aimed at characterizing the FUT2 and FUT3 variation across Le phenotypes and investigate the genetic architecture underlying the Le(a+b+) phenotype. A total of 708 Thai blood donors were divided into two cohorts. The first included 151 donors representing all Le phenotypes for FUT2 and FUT3 characterization. The second included 557 donors, from whom 100 Le(a+b+) individuals were selected for FUT2 analysis. Le phenotyping was performed by column agglutination. Genetic analysis included PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, and variant and haplotype analysis. Large FUT2 deletions were assessed by targeted PCR and sequencing. Among the 151 donors, Le(a-b+) was predominant (57.6%), followed by Le(a+b+) (23.8%), Le(a-b-) (15.9%), and Le(a+b-) (2.7%). We identified 18 FUT2 and six FUT3 single nucleotide variants and 26 and 10 distinct alleles, respectively. Two FUT2 deletion alleles, sedel and sedel2 , were identified. Le(a+b+) was associated with diverse FUT2-FUT3 configurations, particularly the weak-secretor Se390,418 allele with functional FUT3 backgrounds. All 100 Le(a+b+) donors carried Se390,418 , either homozygously (73/100) or with nonfunctional, deleted, or functionally uncertain FUT2 alleles. Additionally, a novel FUT2 missense variant, c.676G>A (p.(Ala226Thr)), was identified in one donor. The relatively frequent Le(a+b+) phenotype in Thais reflects diverse FUT2 variant combinations centered on the weakened Se390,418 allele. The identification of sedel , sedel2 , and a novel FUT2 variant with uncertain functional significance further expands the known genetic diversity underlying Le phenotypes in the Thai population.

PMID 43016606
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PubMedUltrasound quarterly2026-11-12

Comparison of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging and Conventional Ultrasonography Detection Rates for Hepatosteatosis in Obese Children.

Ozdemir Sevim S, Selcuk Can Tuba T, Karadeniz Sena S, Kiremitci Yilmaz Seniha S et al.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound attenuation imaging (USAT) in detecting and grading hepatosteatosis in obese pediatric patients, and to compare its findings with conventional B-mode ultrasonography and relevant laboratory parameters. This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 95 obese or morbidly obese children aged 8 to 18 years who presented to a pediatric endocrinology clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of hepatosteatosis. All patients underwent both B-mode ultrasonography and USAT using the Mindray Resona9 device. Hepatosteatosis was graded using device-specific attenuation cutoff values for USAT and standard echogenicity-based criteria for B-mode ultrasonography. Laboratory parameters, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were recorded for each patient. USAT identified hepatosteatosis in 70 of 95 patients (73.7%), whereas B-mode ultrasonography detected steatosis in only 36 of 95 (37.9%). Among the 59 patients classified as steatosis-free by B-mode ultrasonography, USAT identified steatosis in 36 (61%; P<0.001). Interobserver agreement was excellent for USAT (ICC=0.939; 95% CI: 0.903-0.962) and substantial for B-mode ultrasonography (weighted kappa=0.793). Patients who were USAT-positive but B-mode-negative demonstrated significantly higher ALT and HOMA-IR values, as well as a greater prevalence of hepatomegaly (P<0.05 for all). USAT is capable of detecting low-grade hepatic steatosis in obese children more effectively than conventional B-mode ultrasonography and shows significant correlations with key metabolic laboratory parameters. Given its objectivity, excellent reproducibility, and practical ease of use, routine incorporation of USAT alongside B-mode ultrasonography is warranted in the evaluation of hepatic steatosis in the pediatric population.

PMID 43018456
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PubMedNutrition and health2026-11-12

The association between dietary changes for weight loss and the mental health status of American adults.

Min Jihyun Jane JJ, Ellison-Barnes Alejandra A, Nam Sojeong S, Noh Keeyoon K

BackgroundWeight loss provides numerous physical health benefits. However, prior research has mainly examined the mental health effects of weight loss strategies in the general population, rather than on individuals actively trying to lose weight.AimWe explored the link between dietary changes for weight loss and mental health, focusing on depression severity measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the number of days mental health was not good.MethodsWe analyzed data from 3975 participants in the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, using ordinary least squares regression and binomial regression.ResultsSkipping meals (B = 0.80, p < .001) and female (B = 0.82, p < .001) were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores. Conversely, older age (B = -0.001, p < .001), having college degrees or above (B = -0.59, p < .01), Mexican American (B = -0.43, p < .01), and higher income (B = -0.20, p < .001) correlated with lower PHQ-9 scores. For predicting days mental health was not good, females had higher odds (OR = 1.54, p < .001) while older age (OR = 0.99, p < .01), Mexican American (OR = 0.68, p < .01), college degrees or above (OR = 0.71, p < .05), and higher income (OR = 0.93, p < .001) had lower odds.ConclusionHealthcare professionals providing weight loss guidance should consider patients' baseline mental health and changes associated with different dietary strategies. Using longitudinal methods to establish causal links between diet and mental health is recommended.

PMID 43018177
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PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-11-12

Shifting patterns of mite sensitization in Spain and Portugal: real-world diagnostic and immunotherapy practices (MITE-WISE project).

González-Pérez Ruperto R, Antón Mónica M, Rial Manuel J MJ, Figueroa Javier J

Mite allergy sensitization profiles in Southern Europe are evolving. While Dermatophagoides spp. remain the most prevalent allergens associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, sensitization to Lepidoglyphus destructor and Blomia tropicalis has been increasingly reported in Iberian regions. Diagnostic and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) strategies may not reflect this shift. Real-world, mixed-methods study guided by a Scientific Committee (SC) of allergists, comprising an online questionnaire completed by 215 allergists and semi-structured interviews with an Extended SC. Most specialists managed patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides spp. and L. destructor (97.7%) and to Dermatophagoides spp. and B. tropicalis (70.7%), reflecting allergist-reported clinical experience with these emerging mites. The eight interviewed experts perceived an increasing recognition of sensitization to L. destructor and B. tropicalis, particularly of B. tropicalis in the Canary Islands and along the Portuguese coast. Despite this, reported testing practices differed: 85.2% (179/210) reported always testing L. destructor, whereas 36.8% (56/152) reported routinely testing B. tropicalis, a descriptive difference that may reflect heterogeneous diagnostic practices. Among specialists who reported always testing the respective mite, 98.9% (177/179) of those testing L. destructor reported prescribing AIT targeting Dermatophagoides spp. and L. destructor, and 91.1% (51/56) of those testing B. tropicalis reported prescribing AIT targeting Dermatophagoides spp. and B. tropicalis, in patients with reported clinically relevant sensitization. All respondents reported a preference for subcutaneous AIT, and 98% of AIT prescribers reported using polymerized extract mixtures. Among participating allergists, reported clinically relevant sensitization to Dermatophagoides spp. together with L. destructor or B. tropicalis was frequently followed by reported subcutaneous AIT within the subgroups that routinely tested the respective mite. Given the recruitment of AIT-experienced allergists, these proportions should not be generalized to all specialists. Testing was reported less frequently for B. tropicalis than for L. destructor. Whether region-specific inclusion of these mites in diagnostic protocols would improve diagnosis or treatment outcomes remains to be established in studies with objective confirmation of clinical relevance.

PMID 43016476
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PubMedBMC palliative care2026-11-12

Palliative care knowledge and attitudes toward end-of-life care among clinical nurses across healthcare settings in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.

Hao Yanping Y, Zhou Jin J, Sun Wei W, Luo Lan L et al.

Despite growing global recognition of palliative care's importance, access to adequately trained professionals and high-quality services remains highly unequal across countries. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes are critical determinants of end-of-life care quality, yet evidence from diverse institutional settings in China remains limited. This study aimed to assess palliative care knowledge and attitudes toward end-of-life care among nurses in Guangzhou, China, and to identify the key factors influencing these attitudes. This cross-sectional study recruited 1196 registered nurses from 17 institutions across seven administrative districts of Guangzhou between January 2019 and June 2023 using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN), and the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form-B (FATCOD-B). Multiple linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of attitudes toward end-of-life care. The sample included nurses from tertiary general (n = 424, 35.5%), oncology (n = 359, 30.0%), and community hospitals (n = 413, 34.5%). The overall PCQN accuracy rate was 53.2%, with the highest correct rate in the domain of "pain and other symptom control" (60.5%) and the lowest in "psychosocial support" (29.7%). The mean FATCOD-B score was 99.63 ± 8.56. Community hospital nurses scored lower on both knowledge and attitude measures. Multiple linear regression identified four independent predictors of end-of-life care attitudes: higher PCQN scores were associated with more positive attitudes (B = 5.593, P = 0.033); perceiving palliative care training as unnecessary was associated with less positive attitudes (B = - 5.620, P < 0.001); an ordinary (vs. harmonious) relationship with patients' families was associated with less positive attitudes (B = - 1.565, P = 0.009); and working in community hospitals was associated with lower FATCOD-B scores than working in tertiary general hospitals (B = - 1.641, P = 0.007). Nurses' palliative care knowledge was inadequate and attitudes toward end-of-life care remained suboptimal, particularly among nurses working in community hospitals. These findings underscore the need for systematic, institutionally tailored palliative care education and training, especially in community settings, to improve palliative care knowledge and foster more positive attitudes toward end-of-life care.

PMID 43015791
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