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amphotericin B (Amphotec / Amphocil / ABCD)

✓ Approved

Therametrics · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is amphotericin B?

amphotericin B is a small molecule developed by Therametrics. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAmphotec, Amphocil, ABCD
CompanyTherametrics
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Therametrics

Therapeutic Indications

amphotericin B is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedMicroscopy (Oxford, England)2026-10-22

Applications of Secondary and Backscattered Electron Spectroscopic Imaging and a Proposal for New SEM Image Nomenclature.

Sekiguchi Takashi T, Yao Yuanzhao Y

With the increasing diversity of SEM detectors today, classification based solely on secondary and backscattered electrons is no longer sufficient; there is a growing need to specify energy and emission direction when discussing image information. In particular, for detectors capable of energy discrimination, an appropriate method for classifying images is required. We propose a nomenclature for classifying images by explicitly indicating energy, emission direction, and detector position following the abbreviations "SE" and "BE." Energy is displayed as three bands - A, B, and C- defined by the ends of the spectrum on a logarithmic axis, while emission direction is divided into regions 1, 2, and 3 in 30° increments from the zenith angle. Detectors are designated with "o" or "d" depending on whether they are circularly symmetric or directional with respect to the primary electron beam. For example, they are denoted as SE/A2o or BE/AB3d. Using this notation, we classify images obtained with low-pass secondary electron detectors (Fountain detector) and high-pass backscattered electron detectors, and discuss their characteristics.

PMID 42902783
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PubMedPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026-10-22

Dual-guest-metal control of stability and superconductivity in ambient-pressure B-C clathrates X0.5Y0.5B2C8.

Yang Yuting Y, Su Zhangmin Z, Chen Ruijie R, Guo Hongying H et al.

Phonon-mediated superconductivity in boron-carbon clathrates has become an active area of research, but how mixed guest-metal occupancy affects stability and superconductivity is still unclear. Using high-throughput first-principles calculations, we study quaternary X0.5Y0.5B2C8 clathrates (X, Y = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) at ambient pressure. We identify 15 dynamically stable phases, all involving combinations of two large-radius guest metals. Fourteen of these phases are predicted to be superconducting: compounds with an average formal oxidation state at the metal sites of +1.5 and +1 show Tc of 34 to 42 K and 78 to 90 K, respectively, whereas the remaining +2 phase is semiconducting. The contrast in Tc fits a rigid-band picture in which lower guest formal oxidation states increase the B-C density of states at the Fermi level and enhance coupling to mid-frequency B-C phonons. Ab initio molecular dynamics at 300 K reveals no structural transformation, indicating that these dual-guest clathrates are viable candidates for further study.

PMID 42902693
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PubMedThe Journal of the Association of Physicians of India2026-10-22

Comprehensive Approach to Detect Liver Fibrosis by Indirect Serum Biomarkers.

Garg Harshit H, Sharma Deepti D, Tiwari Harshvardhan H, Bishnoi Dinesh D

The diagnostic accuracy of three serum-derived markers-aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio-was investigated as noninvasive alternatives in this study for assessing liver fibrosis severity and correlating these scores with FibroScan-derived liver stiffness measurements in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We enrolled 100 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CLD for this cross-sectional analysis at GMC Kota. Consenting patients received clinical evaluations, ultrasound, and biochemical screenings [complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests (LFTs), glucose, and viral serology]. We staged liver stiffness (F0-F4) via FibroScan and computed indirect indices, including FIB-4, APRI, and AST/ALT, using validated equations. The average participant age was 47 years, with males comprising 67% of the study population. FibroScan showed that 73% of patients had F4 fibrosis, followed by F3 (10%), F2 (12%), and F0-F1 (5%). Etiologies included alcohol-related liver disease (34%), hepatitis B (15%), hepatitis C (4%), autoimmune hepatitis (2%), and diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (38%). Significant positive correlations were found between liver stiffness and the AST/ALT ratio (r = 0.658), APRI (r = 0.639), and FIB-4 (r = 0.444), all with p < 0.0001. Diagnostic thresholds revealed that lower cutoff values (e.g., APRI > 0.5, FIB-4 ≥ 1) had high sensitivity, whereas higher cutoff values (e.g., AST/ALT > 1, APRI ≥ 1, FIB-4 ≥ 3.24) achieved excellent specificity. A stepwise diagnostic approach using these thresholds improved detection accuracy and reduced reliance on liver biopsy. The study validates simple, cost-effective biomarkers as reliable tools for fibrosis detection. Their integration into clinical practice may enhance early diagnosis, optimize resource use, and improve outcomes in patients with CLD, especially in low-resource settings.

PMID 42902667
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PubMedBioconjugate chemistry2026-10-22

Facile Gram-Scale Solution Phase Synthesis of a Universal Cathepsin B-Cleavable Antibody-Drug Conjugate Linker.

Ringaci Alina A, Hamoud Aladin A, Colson Yolonda L YL, Grinstaff Mark W MW

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a key therapy in the cancer treatment arsenal. Critical to the success of the ADC is the release of the drug cargo at the desired site, and thus, enzymatically or chemically responsive linkers, connecting the drug to the antibody, play a central role. Linkers containing the peptide sequence Glu-Val-Cit are particularly important as cleavage of this peptide occurs by both murine and human cathepsin B enzymes. Additional linker design considerations include components for free drug release via the self-immolative moiety para-aminobenzyl alcohol (PABOH), copper-free click conjugation to an azide-functionalized antibody using dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO), and aqueous solubility via a polyethylene glycol spacer (PEG). To facilitate widespread use and translation, we describe the 9-step gram-scale synthesis of the linker DBCO-PEG4-Glu-Val-Cit-PABOH conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Using only liquid-phase synthesis protocols and chromatography-free, precipitation-based intermediate isolations gives the drug-linker conjugate in 36% overall yield, and this method is an improvement over prior methods (yield < 1%). Finally, we prepare the corresponding MMAE-linked ADC and validate its target-dependent potency across ErbB2/Her2-high (MDA-MB-453) and ErbB2/Her2-low (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cell lines.

PMID 42902954
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PubMedThe New phytologist2026-10-22

B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 19 shapes tea quality by modulating the ratio of catechins and theanine and confers cold tolerance in tea plants.

Yi Lianghui L, Yu Jie J, Li Fangdong F, Hou Qingji Q et al.

Early spring cold spells threaten tea plant (Camellia sinensis) yield and disrupt the catechins-to-theanine ratio that determines the desirable balance of umami and astringency taste of tea. However, the molecular mechanism coordinating cold tolerance with this key quality trait remains unclear. Here, we identified a light-responsive B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN CsBBX19 as a core regulator simultaneously shaping tea quality and cold tolerance. Results demonstrated that silencing CsBBX19 relieves the transcriptional repression of theanine-biosynthetic genes (CsTSI and CsAlaDC) to elevate theanine levels, yet weakens the activation of catechins-biosynthetic genes (CsANS1, CsANR1, CsLAR1, and CsSCPL1/2/5) to reduce catechins content. The CsBBX19-modulated theanine accumulation also enhanced the cold tolerance of tea plants by suppressing cell-wall-loosening EXPANSIN (CsEXPA10/20/21) and activating the CsCBF3-mediated cold response pathway. Furthermore, the expression of CsBBX19 significantly reduced by light via a feedback loop involving CsHY5, which directly binds to the promoter of CsBBX19 to repress its transcription, while CsBBX19 conversely interacts with CsHY5 to reinforce its autoactivation, thereby fine-tuning the catechins-to-theanine ratio and cold resilience in tea plants. Our findings underscore the central roles of CsBBX19 in light-mediated cold response and tea quality formation, providing valuable targets for synchronously improving cold resilience and quality in tea plants.

PMID 42902910
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-10-22

Case Report: Acute liver failure in systemic lupus erythematosus with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap: a belimumab-containing regimen and longitudinal follow-up.

Zhang Lina L, Zhang Tong T, Zhang Jing J, Wang Xiuhong X et al.

Severe autoimmune liver injury as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare, and concomitant autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis (AIH-PBC) overlap is uncommon. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) provides a biological rationale for adjunctive therapy, although clinical evidence remains limited. A 72-year-old woman presented with 4 weeks of fatigue and anorexia and developed coagulopathy (international normalized ratio [INR] 1.8), ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Autoimmune testing showed antinuclear antibody 1:1280, high-titer anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies with hypocomplementemia, immunoglobulin G (IgG) 30.0 g/L, and antimitochondrial antibody positivity. Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, hepatitis E antibody, and Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus DNA tests were negative. Liver biopsy 42 days after corticosteroid initiation demonstrated interface hepatitis, destructive small-bile-duct injury, plasma cell-rich inflammation, and Batts-Ludwig stage 2 fibrosis without cirrhosis, supporting a clinicopathologic diagnosis of AIH-PBC overlap. Previously unrecognized chronic autoimmune liver disease could not be excluded. Prednisolone was started at 50 mg/day, followed 10 days later by intravenous belimumab, with concomitant ursodeoxycholic acid. Tacrolimus was added during maintenance. By 10 October 2025, liver biochemistry had improved, IgG was 9.42 g/L, and prednisolone had been reduced to 2.5 mg/day. Liver stiffness decreased from 21.5 to 9.7 kPa. Sustained biochemical improvement occurred during a belimumab-containing multidrug regimen. This observation does not establish the independent efficacy of belimumab or histological regression of fibrosis.

PMID 42903101
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