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botulinum toxin type A (Coretox)

✓ Approved

Medytox · therapeutic agent

What is botulinum toxin type A?

botulinum toxin type A is a therapeutic agent developed by Medytox. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCoretox
CompanyMedytox
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Medytox

Therapeutic Indications

botulinum toxin type A is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersSkin wrinkling✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMuscle spasmsPhase III

Related Research Articles

PubMedClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2026-08-25

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Post-Acne Sequelae: A Critical Review.

Liao Xin X, Wu Jingping J, Cheng Hongbin H, Zheng Huilan H et al.

Botulinum toxin has expanded beyond muscle paralysis to multi-target skin regulation, with growing interest in its use for post-acne erythema, atrophic scars, and enlarged pores. However, the quality of evidence varies widely. This article critically integrates the mechanisms and clinical evidence of intradermal microdroplet injection for treating post-acne sequelae. Botulinum toxin may inhibit inflammation, regulate sebum secretion, influence vasodilation/constriction, and modulate fibroblast function via the non-neuronal cholinergic system, providing multi-target theoretical support. The clinical evidence level is low to moderate for atrophic scars, with a focus on combination therapies (microneedling, lasers, radiofrequency, etc), but most do not quantify dermal penetration; thus, the specific contribution of botulinum toxin is uncertain. For post-acne erythema, only one small RCT and one case series exist, with low to moderate evidence. Enlarged pore studies rely on before-after or retrospective designs, with low to very low evidence. Computer modeling offers quantitative references for formulation conversion and parameter optimization, but its conclusions derive from glabellar or muscle-targeted data and require prospective validation for acne applications. In summary, botulinum toxin shows theoretical potential for post-acne sequelae, but the current evidence is weak. Clinical use should be limited to investigational settings or exploratory options after conventional treatment failure.

PMID 42639015
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-08-25

Trends and off-label use of botulinum toxin type A in Chinese neurological practice from 2016 to 2023: a real-world study.

Guo Shanshan S, Jiang Hailun H, Huo Jiping J, Zhao Zhigang Z et al.

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is an effective therapeutic tool for various neurological conditions, but it is frequently prescribed off-label in clinical practice. Currently, real-world prescribing trends and off-label utilization in China remain unclear. This study aimed to describe the trends in BoNT-A use, analyze off-label prescribing patterns, and evaluate the supporting scientific evidence. In this retrospective study, prescription data were extracted to analyze patient demographics, monotherapy and co-prescribing therapy of BoNT-A, and trends in BoNT-A usage from 2016 to 2023. We categorized the prescriptions into on-label and off-label groups according to the indications approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China. Additionally, the scientific evidence supporting off-label indications was evaluated based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our study included 9,561 BoNT-A prescriptions from patients with a median age of 59 years. Of these, 35.82% (3,425) were off-label. Over the study period, the number of BoNT-A prescriptions and the proportion of off-label use generally increased. Most prescriptions were issued for dystonia or facial nerve disorders, accounting for 51.00% and 43.48%, respectively. BoNT-A monotherapy comprised 93.54% of prescriptions, whereas among polypharmacy regimens, antiepileptics were the most frequently prescribed comedications. The majority of off-label prescriptions were issued for extrapyramidal and movement disorders, with cervical dystonia being the most frequent specific indication. Based on RCT evidence, 89.99% of off-label prescriptions were evidence-supported, peaking within extrapyramidal and movement disorders. This study indicated that BoNT-A prescriptions and off-label prescribing increased in Chinese neurological practice. Although such off-label use was often evidence-supported, unsubstantiated utilization may still raise potential safety concerns, highlighting the need for continuing efforts to align regulatory approvals with evolving clinical practice.

PMID 42638962
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PubMedCirculation2026-08-25

Primary and Secondary Raynaud: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Ujueta Francisco F, Goudot Guillaume G, Cutolo Maurizio M, Dolan Roisin R et al.

Raynaud phenomenon (RP), a vascular disorder affecting the small arteries and arterioles of the extremities, is characterized by episodic vasospastic attacks. In primary RP (PRP), these episodes cause changes in skin color, ranging from white (pallor) to blue (cyanosis) due to reduced tissue perfusion, followed by red (hyperemia) upon reperfusion, often triggered by environmental factors or emotional stress. RP is classified into 2 major types: PRP and secondary RP (SRP). PRP and SRP share similar symptoms, but differ in pathogenesis, severity, duration, and potential complications. PRP usually affects women in the second decade of life and typically follows a benign course. SRP usually occurs later in life, secondary to an underlying systemic condition. Unlike PRP, SRP may result in digit ischemia or tissue loss in severe cases. There is a scarcity of clinical trials evaluating treatment options for patients with RP. Management involves both lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapies. Although much remains unknown about the pathophysiology, management, and quality of life in RP, emerging evidence suggests that advanced imaging modalities may facilitate earlier detection of SRP. Treating the underlying disease is essential to improving vascular symptoms and preventing complications in SRP. This scientific statement reviews current evidence on quality of life measures for individuals with RP and on medical management, botulinum toxin therapy, and surgical intervention for severe cases.

PMID 42639644
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PubMedNeurourology and urodynamics2026-08-25

The Benefits of Adding Non-Antimuscarinic Pharmaceuticals in Combination With Beta-3 Agonists for Overactive Bladder Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Smith Felicity F, Phelps Charlotte C, Moro Christian C

Antimuscarinics, as the current first-line pharmacologic therapies for overactive bladder, exhibit low patient adherence and high rates of reported side effects. As a modern alternative pharmaceutical treatment, beta-3 agonists, which relax the urinary bladder, may be more tolerable for patients, increasing adherence and prescription compliance. Of interest is the growing potential for non-antimuscarinics to be incorporated in combination therapies alongside these beta-3 agonists. Following PRISMA guidelines, searches were undertaken in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials of patients with OAB, comparing monotherapy beta-3 agonist with beta-3 in combination with non-antimuscarinic pharmaceuticals. Risk of bias was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1. Seven trials with 719 participants were included. All studies utilized mirabegron as the beta-3 agonist. Two studies analyzed the effectiveness of mirabegron in combination with a second-line treatment, whereas the other five combined third-line treatment options. Benefits were reported in studies where beta-3 agonists were used in conjunction with botulinum toxin, acupuncture, nerve stimulation, tadalafil, and vitamin D3. There appear to be therapeutic benefits supporting the use of several different interventions in combination with a beta-3 agonist for the alleviation of overactive bladder symptoms. However, further research is needed due to limited evidence and heterogeneity.

PMID 42638473
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PubMedJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2026-08-25

Metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis of mechanisms underlying amelioration of tic disorders in rats by Jiawei Huangan Lipi decoction.

Lijin Chen C, Linghui Chen C, Chengrui Wang W, Yijun Fang F et al.

To further investigate the mechanism of Jiawei Huangan Lipi decoction (, JHD) in treating tic disorders (TD) based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. The TD model rats were established using iminodipropionitrile and Shengdahuang (Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei Palmati) powder, combined with tail clamping and cold stimulation to induce pathology. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyse the chemical constituents of JHD, integrated network pharmacology to predict its therapeutic targets and pathways, and validated findings through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and metabolomics. LC-MS-based serum metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition techniques identified endogenous differential metabolites and elucidated associated metabolic pathways. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed JHD's 744 compounds targeting 247 genes, notably ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-alpha serine/threonine kinase 1, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, estrogen receptor 1, interleukin-1β were highlighted, indicating that JHD may mitigate the incidence of TD by modulating these pivotal genes. The identified targets were predominantly enriched in pathways related to cancer, lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, malaria, cAMP signaling, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Metabolomics identified 255 differential metabolites in TD, with JHD reversing 85 linked to linoleic acid, taurine, and biotin metabolism pathways. These pathways may underpin JHD's therapeutic effects against TD. The study systematically explored JHD's mechanism by cross-integrating metabolomics-derived biomarker pathways with network pharmacology predictions, and it may be a useful alternative therapy for the treatment of TD.

PMID 42639776
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PubMedIrish medical journal2026-08-25

Genomic Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection: A cgMLST Analysis.

Sarma J B JB, Murray V V, McFadden C C

To characterise the genomic epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) at Letterkenny University Hospital (LUH) using core-genome Multi Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST), quantify true nosocomial transmission, distinguish relapse from reinfection, and examine the relationship between CDI patterns and institutional antimicrobial consumption. In 2023 and 2024, 1,510 and 1,754 stool samples were screened, respectively for suspected CDI. GDH screening was positive in 153 (10.1%) and 226 (12.9%) with toxin EIA detecting active toxin in 86 (56.2%) and 106 (46.9%), respectively. PCR identified toxin genes in a further 44 (65%) and 72 (60%) of toxin-negative GDH-positive samples. Of these, 117, toxin-positive isolates from 94 patients underwent whole-genome sequencing and cgMLST. Molecular clusters were defined as ≤2 allelic differences, and epidemiological linkage required shared ward location and overlapping admission periods. National antimicrobial-use deciles were reviewed for CDI-associated agents. cgMLST identified 28 sequence types, with ST11 predominating (19, 16.2%). Of 48 clusters, only one represented confirmed nosocomial transmission. Recurrent CDI occurred in 10 out of 94 (11%), with 90% representing molecular relapse. LUH ranked among the highest national consumers of CDI-associated antimicrobials. CDI at LUH is driven primarily by endogenous activation of community-acquired strains rather than hospital transmission. High-risk antimicrobial use is the key modifiable driver, highlighting the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship supported by ongoing WGS surveillance.

PMID 42640228
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