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pneumococcal vaccine

✓ Approved

Beijing Minhai Biotechnology · Cell-based Therapies · Cell-based Therapies

What is pneumococcal vaccine?

pneumococcal vaccine is a cell-based therapies developed by Beijing Minhai Biotechnology. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyBeijing Minhai Biotechnology
Drug ClassCell-based Therapies, Vaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Minhai Biotechnology

Therapeutic Indications

pneumococcal vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsPneumococcal infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-10-15

Pneumococcal meningitis secondary to chronic orbital inflammation with skull base erosion: a case report.

Tie Xinghua X, Sun Xiaoman X

This case report describes a 32-year-old female patient who developed acute pneumococcal meningitis following six-year chronic orbital inflammatory changes after strabismus corrective surgery. The patient experienced gradual deterioration of right-eye vision and recurrent retro-orbital headache; serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 2021 to 2023 demonstrated diffuse intraconal retrobulbar abnormalities and extraocular-muscle thickening. She subsequently presented with high fever, generalized seizures and impaired consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detected Streptococcus pneumoniae and low-abundance Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA; Active EBV-associated central nervous system infection could not be confirmed in the absence of CSF quantitative EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), EBV serology and immune-status testing. The patient received broad-spectrum intravenous antimicrobial, antiviral and glucocorticoid therapy, followed by endoscopic endonasal resection of inflammatory lesions at the ethmoid-skull-base complex. Histopathological examination of surgical specimens revealed non-specific inflammatory granulation tissue, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis was excluded. At six-month follow-up, the patient remained seizure-free; infectious foci showed near-complete resolution on imaging, yet mild residual orbital-leptomeningeal abnormalities persisted with modest visual improvement. This case demonstrates the potential for delayed intracranial extension from long-standing chronic orbital inflammation and highlights both the diagnostic utility and interpretive limitations of CSF-mNGS in clinical practice.

PMID 42876743
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PubMedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026-10-15

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Zhang Xuan-Ji XJ, Luo Jia-Rui JR, Tian Ting-Ting TT, Shi Juan J et al.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one-quarter of the global population, of whom 5%-10% develop active tuberculosis (TB). Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the cornerstone vaccine against severe infant TB, its efficacy in adults is limited, underscoring the need for novel TB vaccines. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine, tMEV, and validate its protective potential through bioinformatic prediction and in vivo experiments. tMEV was constructed from dominant T- and B-cell epitopes derived from Mtb ESAT-6, PE35, PPE38, and PE4 proteins, fused with an adjuvant. Its vaccine candidacy was assessed via physicochemical and solubility profiling, secondary and tertiary structure modeling, TLR-4 molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immune simulation. The tMEV coding sequence was cloned into pMV361 and transformed into BCG to generate recombinant BCG (rBCG-tMEV). Immunogenicity, antigenicity, and protective efficacy were evaluated in mouse immunization and Mtb challenge models. tMEV exhibited favorable vaccine-like properties in silico. In mice, both tMEV and rBCG-tMEV induced Mtb-specific immune responses. Compared with PBS, tMEV significantly enhanced cellular and humoral immunity with a Th2-biased profile. Relative to conventional BCG, rBCG-tMEV elicited a superior mixed Th1-Th2 response and higher antigen-specific immunity, accompanied by increased secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin. Moreover, rBCG-tMEV markedly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens of Mtb-infected mice, conferring partial protection. These findings demonstrate that tMEV and rBCG-tMEV possess robust immunogenicity and protective potential against Mtb, representing promising novel TB vaccine candidates and providing a rationale for future vaccine development and optimization.

PMID 42876677
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PubMedBMC public health2026-10-15

Rabies and rabies prophylaxis in Egypt: a nationwide cross-sectional study that calls for action.

Helal Mohamed Basyouni MB, Saeda Mohamed Ahmed MA, Elshaar Ahmed Gamal AG, Zayed Mohamed Elsayed ME et al.

Rabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease that poses a global health threat, especially in developing countries. Despite the high incidence of animal bites reported annually in Egypt, limited data exist regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general population toward rabies and rabies prophylaxis. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study using a structured interview-based survey targeting individuals aged 18 years or older who attended outpatient clinics at nine university hospitals across Egypt. The survey assessed participants' KAP toward rabies and rabies prophylaxis and identified barriers to prophylaxis uptake. Among 1,777 participants who responded to the survey, only 42.8% (n = 760) had good knowledge about rabies and rabies prophylaxis, while the majority, 88.5% (n = 1,572), exhibited a positive attitude toward rabies prophylaxis. Knowledge was higher among those who reported awareness of rabies campaigns in their geographic areas (69.1% vs. 40.5%, p < 0.001) and those who had previously been bitten or attacked by animals (56.1% vs. 41.3%, p < 0.001). Overall, 9.7% (n = 173) of participants reported a history of animal bites or attacks; however, 18.5% (n = 32) of these participants did not receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and 17% (n = 24) did not complete the vaccine schedule. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake was low, with only 4.3% (n = 23) of high-risk individuals receiving it. Key barriers to rabies prophylaxis included lack of knowledge about the rabies vaccine, reported by 82.4% of participants, lack of knowledge about rabies, reported by 81.7%, and inadequate hospital facilities, reported by 43.1%. Despite a generally positive attitude toward rabies prophylaxis, knowledge and adherence to prophylactic measures, including pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis, remain relatively inadequate in Egypt. Public health interventions, such as educational campaigns and improved accessibility to vaccination services, are needed to address these gaps and mitigate the public health burden of rabies.

PMID 42875760
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-10-15

IL-23 and monocyte interactions redirect human Th17.1 cells to an IL-17AhighIFN-γhigh potentially pathogenic profile.

van Heeswijk Bennie B, Razawy Wida W, Davelaar Nadine N, Mus Anne-Marie M C AMC et al.

IL-23-targeted therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), primarily through the reduction of IL-17A-driven inflammation. Consequently, most studies have focused on classical, high IL-17A-producing, CCR6+CXCR3-CCR4+ Th17 cells. In contrast, the impact of IL‑23 signaling on CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4- Th17.1 cells -traditionally characterized by high IFN-γ and low IL-17A production-remains largely unexplored, despite their recognized pathogenicity in autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of IL-23 on human memory Th17.1 cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naive patients with early PsA were stimulated in the presence of IL-23 or anti-IL-23 antibody before quantifying IL-17A and IFN-γ secretion. Additionally, human memory CCR6- Th1, CCR6+ Th17.1 and CCR6+ Th17 cells from healthy donors were sorted and analyzed ex vivo for IL23R, TBX21 and RORC expression using RT-qPCR. Sorted Th17.1, Th17 and Th1 cells were subsequently cultured alone or cocultured with IL-23-producing monocytes. Cultures received either exogenous IL-23 or IL-23 inhibition before analyzing IL-17A and IFN-γ secretion. As expected, IL-23 stimulation induced IL-17A in PsA PBMCs, whereas IL-23 inhibition reduced IL-17A secretion but did not affect IFN-γ. In healthy donor PBMCs, ex vivo IL-23R expression was restricted to memory CCR6+ Th17 and Th17.1 cells. Remarkably, IL-23 stimulation of Th17.1 cells significantly increased IFN-γ without affecting IL-17A secretion. Compared to monoculture, cocultures with monocytes increased IFN-γ secretion in Th17.1 and classical Th1 cells, and IL-17A secretion in Th17 and Th17.1 cells. Additional IL-23 stimulated IL-17A in both Th17 and Th17.1 cocultures, while unexpectedly reducing IFN-γ in Th17.1 cells. In contrast, IL-23 inhibition reduced IL-17A secretion in Th17 and Th17.1 cells without affecting IFN-γ production. IL-23 exerts distinct effects on Th17.1 compared to Th17 cells. We show a role for IL-23 in IFN-γ upregulation in Th17.1 cells, which is reversed in the presence of monocytes. In co-culture with monocytes, Th17.1 cells progress to a pathogenic IL-17AhighIFN-γhigh profile, which is further elevated by IL-23 stimulation and reduced upon IL-23 neutralization. We show that IL-23 drives Th17.1 plasticity and underscore the therapeutic relevance of neutralizing IL-23 in the suppression of these pathogenic IL-17AhighIFN-γhigh Th17.1 cells.

PMID 42876859
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-10-15

Clinical case series: Emergence of psoriatic arthritis during biologic IL-23 pathway inhibition therapy for psoriasis.

Li Andrew Z AZ, Cooley Ian D ID, Craig Ethan E, Derk Chris T CT et al.

Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are increasingly recognized as manifestations within the spectrum of psoriatic disease, and emerging observational data suggest that biologic therapy targeting interleukin-23 (IL-23) may reduce the risk of incident PsA. This finding remains controversial given the potential for channeling and information bias. Here, we describe five patients with long-standing PsO who developed new-onset PsA while achieving excellent skin clearance with IL-23 or IL-12/23 inhibitor therapy (risankizumab in four patients and ustekinumab in one). The time from the initiation of IL-23 pathway inhibition to PsA diagnosis ranged from 5 to 63 months. All patients met the ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis, with musculoskeletal manifestations including dactylitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, and enthesitis, and two patients had erosive changes on imaging. Joint symptoms improved in the majority of patients after transition to an IL-17-targeted biologic. These cases indicate that IL-23 pathway inhibition may not reliably prevent the onset of PsA and may contribute to its development in susceptible individuals. Thus, this series underscores the importance of ongoing musculoskeletal surveillance in patients with PsO receiving IL-23-targeted therapy, even when skin disease is completely controlled.

PMID 42876761
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PubMedAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026-10-15

Correction to "Screening Natural Cholesterol Analogs to Assemble Self-Adjuvant Lipid Nanoparticles for Antigens Tagging Guided Therapeutic Tumor Vaccine".

PMID 42876174
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