Drug Database
PO

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (Ismigen)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate?

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate is a small molecule developed by Merck & Co.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po) or sublingual (sl)/oral transmucosal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIsmigen
CompanyMerck & Co.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO), Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

Therapeutic Indications

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsViral upper respiratory tract infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPhlebology2026-09-19

Mechanical thrombectomy as a safe alternative to catheter directed thrombolysis for upper extremity DVT.

Tsirigoti Alexandra A, Baccellieri Domenico D, Valente Ferdinando B A FBA, Ardita Vincenzo V et al.

BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) has been widely managed with anticoagulation and selectively with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) targeting prompt venous recanalization. CDT, however, comes with a bleeding risk and complex perioperative logistics. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (MT) devices may simplify the procedure. However their safety and efficacy remain unknown.MethodsThe records of 14 consecutive patients with symptomatic UEDVT who underwent MT at two tertiary European centers were reviewed (2020-2025). Subclavian vein thrombosis was the principal anatomical criterion for inclusion. MT was considered primarily in young, active individuals and athletes and in patients with persistent symptoms despite anticoagulation, with symptom duration not exceeding 3 weeks. Three different devices were used for MT: The ClotTriever system (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA), the Aspirex Mechanical Aspiration Thrombectomy System (Straub Medical, Wangs, Switzerland) and the Penumbra System (Penumbra Inc, Alameda, California, USA), with or without subsequent first rib resection and venoplasty. Preoperative demographics, intraoperative details, in-hospital and follow up complications, venous patency and symptomatic relief data were collected for descriptive analysis.ResultsSingle session MT through basilic or brachial vein access was performed and successfully completed in all 14 patients (mean age 30.57 ± 11.01, 8 males). No major postoperative adverse events were noted and the patients were discharged within 1.7 ± 1.20 days on low molecular weight heparin. One patient experienced 30-day rethrombosis. Among the 14 patients, 6 patients underwent subsequent first rib resection. Patients received full anticoagulation for 3-6 months. At an average 26.07 ± 13.5 month follow up, 9 out of 14 patients were completely free of symptoms without UEDVT recurrence.ConclusionFor the management of symptomatic UEDVT, mechanical thrombectomy using current technologies is feasible with high technical and clinical success. Larger series are required to validate our results.

PMID 42760274
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PubMedJournal of neuroscience research2026-09-19

The Intraplantar CFA Inflammatory Pain Model Incompletely Captures Pain Comorbidities Across Sexes.

Fenech Caitlin E CE, Assareh Neda N, Aubrey Karin R KR

In humans, chronic pain is characterized by a combination of heightened nociceptive sensitivity along with emotional comorbidities, with more women impacted than men. A reported limitation of preclinical models is that they often fail to encapsulate this complexity, and few studies have directly compared behavioral outcomes between male and female mice. The intraplantar Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) inflammatory pain model is a widely used preclinical model of persistent mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, which triggers sex-dependent adaptations in neuronal signaling. However, the literature regarding the duration of pain hypersensitivity and the presence or absence of associated locomotor and anxiety-like changes is inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically assess the CFA model's capacity to duplicate pain comorbidities in male and female mice. CFA-injected or saline control male and female mice were assessed over 3 weeks for mechanical and cold nociceptive sensitivity (von Frey and acetone test), locomotion (open field test), and anxiety-like behaviors (light-dark and elevated plus maze tests). CFA-injected mice of both sexes reliably developed mechanical hypersensitivity and cold allodynia. Transient locomotor deficits were observed only in male mice at early timepoints, and no changes in anxiety-like behaviors in either males or females were observed. Hence, the CFA persistent pain model is a practical tool for inducing pronociceptive states in male and female mice but does not reliably produce anxiety-like comorbidities over the tested time periods, suggesting that additional factors may be necessary to elicit these behavioral outcomes.

PMID 42760856
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PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-09-19

Mineral-specific effects on humification and bacterial community succession in industrial-scale spent mushroom substrate composting.

Chang Yuan Y, Miao Nannan N, Zhang Yuhan Y, Wei Yuquan Y et al.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a lignocellulose-rich agricultural by-product whose slow humification can limit the quality and agronomic value of the resulting compost. This study compared four low-cost mineral amendments: shale powder (S), mullite-based soil conditioner (SC), flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (DG), and rare-earth silico-titanate ore powder (TO). Each mineral was added at 10% of SMS dry mass during 40-day industrial-scale composting. Mineral structure, physicochemical properties, humic fractions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence components, and bacterial succession were evaluated. Results showed that mineral amendments accelerated pile heating, prolonged the thermophilic phase, and promoted compost humification. Relative to CK, final humic acid (HA) content increased by 20.6, 28.1, 10.7, and 7.9% in S, SC, DG, and TO, respectively, while the humification index (HI) increased by 25.9, 41.5, 14.9, and 16.0%, respectively, highlighting SC as the strongest overall humification response. EEM-PARAFAC analysis revealed mineral-specific DOM transformation patterns: the relative abundance of the highly humified C3 component increased by 9.1 and 17.3% in S and SC, respectively, whereas DG preferentially increased C2 by 18.8%, and TO caused a slight 2.3% decrease in C3 relative to CK. SC increased the relative proportion of the highly humified C3 component by 17.3%, whereas DG increased that of C2 by 18.8% relative to CK. Mineral amendments also reshaped bacterial succession in a stage-dependent manner. SC favored heat-adapted core genera associated with organic matter transformation and humification during the thermophilic and cooling phases, whereas DG and TO exerted stronger selection for maturation-associated Actinomycetota, particularly Nonomuraea. Mantel analysis further revealed significant associations between mineral-induced shifts in the core bacterial community and changes in composting conditions and humification characteristics (Mantel r = 0.323-0.728, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that mullite-based conditioner provided the most effective enhancement of SMS compost maturity and humification, providing a scientific basis for the targeted selection of low-cost mineral amendments and the valorization of agricultural by-product.

PMID 42761067
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PubMedFrontiers in plant science2026-09-19

Multi-trait selection defines a plant-architecture ideotype for soybean in the Russian Far East.

Habib Yawar Y, Aseeva Tatiana T, Shepel Oksana O, Potokina Elena E

Soybean production in the Russian Far East is constrained by a short frost-free growing period, making early-maturing, productive cultivars a major regional breeding objective. Plant architecture influences the number of pod-bearing sites and the efficiency of mechanical harvesting, yet no architectural ideotype has been defined for this region and the genotypes closest to such a target are unknown. Architectural traits are correlated with one another and with maturity, and must therefore be selected simultaneously. In this study, 63 soybean genotypes were evaluated over three years (2018-2020) at a single site in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia (48°N). Plant height, first pod height, number of branches, productive nodes on the main stem and on lateral branches, and days to maturity were recorded. All six traits showed significant genotypic variation, moderate to high broad-sense heritability (0.65-0.91), and a significant genotype by year interaction. The two branching traits combined high heritability with the highest genetic advance (67.3% and 78.2% of the mean). Correlation and principal component analyses revealed two independent dimensions, one combining plant size with later maturity and one representing branching. An ideotype was defined according to regional priorities, combining earlier maturity with a taller, more productive plant structure suited to mechanical harvesting. The multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) selected the nine genotypes closest to this target, with selection differentials in the desired direction for five of the six traits. The number of productive nodes on the main stem was the only trait to move against its desired direction, because it is genetically associated with later maturity. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) selected nine genotypes on mean performance and year-to-year consistency, with selection differentials in the desired direction for all six traits. Gaterslebener stamm, VNIIS 1, ISZ 16, and No. 700 were selected by both indices, with Gaterslebener stamm ranking first under both. The stability estimated here is temporal, reflecting year-to-year consistency rather than adaptation across locations. These four genotypes are recommended for multi-location evaluation and as parents for breeding early-maturing cultivars suited to mechanical harvesting.

PMID 42761065
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PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-19

Photothermally Induced Vapor Nanobubbles Enable Disruption and Antibiotic-Improved Responsiveness in Uropathogenic Biofilms.

Alcàcer-Almansa Júlia J, Ahmad Amin A, Braeckmans Kevin K, Blanco-Cabra Núria N et al.

Treating bacterial biofilms remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in uropathogenic infections where the dense extracellular matrix impedes antibiotic access and protects tolerant bacterial populations. In this work, we explored a nanomaterial-based strategy to improve antibiotic responsiveness by combining iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with pulsed laser irradiation to induce vapor nanobubble (VNB)-mediated disruption of a mature flow-grown uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 biofilm. We tested three nanoparticle sizes (70 nm, 130 nm, and 500 nm) and identified IONP500 as the most effective formulation for generating VNBs upon irradiation with 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses, with a VNB threshold of 0.56 J/cm2 per pulse. In the mature biofilm model, the combined IONP500 + ciprofloxacin + laser treatment significantly enhanced antibiotic activity compared with ciprofloxacin alone, increasing dead biomass from approximately 16% to 23%, corresponding to a 39-45% relative increase, as quantified by COMSTAT analysis and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. The combined treatment also reduced total biofilm biomass and increased biofilm porosity by 55.8% compared with ciprofloxacin alone, supporting a mechanism based on VNB-mediated matrix disruption and improved antibiotic access. Overall, these results support the use of photothermally active, biocompatible IONPs as a promising complementary strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics against persistent biofilm-associated infections.

PMID 42760466
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PubMedBMC oral health2026-09-19

Comparative in vitro evaluation of sonic, passive ultrasonic, and Er: YAG laser-activated irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis reduction and smear layer/debris removal in root canals.

Farag Rehab Ali RA, El Mekkawi Abd El Rahman O AERO, Beshr Khaled K, Sayed Mohamed M et al.

Persistent intraradicular infection remains a major cause of endodontic treatment failure because conventional syringe irrigation may not adequately reach the apical third, dentinal tubules, and canal irregularities. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy and smear layer/debris removal ability of sonic activation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, and Er: YAG laser-activated irrigation using photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), relative to conventional syringe irrigation, in prepared root canals infected with a mono-species Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular second premolars were prepared, sterilized, inoculated with E. faecalis, and randomly allocated to conventional syringe irrigation, sonic activation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, or Er: YAG/PIPS activation (n = 15). All groups received 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Post-irrigation bacterial load was quantified as log10 CFU/mL, and smear layer/debris removal in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds was assessed by scanning electron microscopy using a five-point score. CFU values were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, and SEM scores by the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple-comparison test. Inter-examiner agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Bacterial load differed significantly among groups (F(3, 56) = 85.11, p < 0.001). Mean log10 CFU/mL values were 6.41 ± 0.30 for conventional irrigation, 5.37 ± 0.26 for sonic activation, 4.12 ± 0.24 for passive ultrasonic irrigation, and 4.28 ± 0.27 for Er: YAG/PIPS activation. Passive ultrasonic and Er: YAG/PIPS activation produced significantly lower bacterial loads than sonic activation and conventional irrigation, with no significant difference between the ultrasonic and laser groups (p = 0.452). SEM scores also differed significantly (H = 38.9, p < 0.001). Overall median scores were 4.5 (IQR 4-5), 3 (IQR 3-4), and 2 (IQR 2-3) for conventional, sonic, and both ultrasonic and laser activation, respectively. All tested activation methods improved root canal disinfection and smear layer/debris removal compared with conventional syringe irrigation. Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Er: YAG/PIPS activation were more effective than sonic activation and showed comparable performance. These methods may be useful adjuncts to sodium hypochlorite irrigation, although clinical studies are needed to confirm their clinical effectiveness.

PMID 42760526
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