Drug Database
HO

hormone patches (Lyrelle / Lyrelle 50 / Lyrelle 80)

✓ Approved

Shire · ESR1 · Small Molecule

What is hormone patches?

hormone patches is a small molecule developed by Shire. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLyrelle, Lyrelle 50, Lyrelle 80
CompanyShire
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetESR1, PGR
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Shire

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

hormone patches acts on 2 molecular targets:

ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR)
PGRprogesterone receptor (NR3C3, PR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

hormone patches is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresHormone replacement therapy✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNature cancer2026-09-19

A universal visual foundation model for computational cytopathology.

Zheng Xueyi X, Zheng Ke K, Wang Jue J, Zhang Xinke X et al.

Cytopathology is central to cancer screening and diagnosis but remains labor-intensive, motivating the development of scalable computational solutions. Here, we present CROWN (Cytology visual foundation netwoRk Optimized With self-supervised learNing), a universal visual foundation model for computational cytopathology. CROWN was pretrained on more than 10 million cytology image patches using a DINOv2-based self-supervised framework, without requiring manual annotations during pretraining. We evaluated CROWN in 202 task-setting combinations spanning classification, segmentation, detection, retrieval and slide-level prediction across private institutional cohorts and public datasets. CROWN achieved the best overall performance among established pretrained encoders across diverse benchmark settings, with accuracy exceeding 95% in 48 patch-level classification evaluations and 98% in 22 of them. These findings support CROWN as a scalable visual backbone for general-purpose computational cytopathology across heterogeneous datasets and task settings.

PMID 42760340
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in plant science2026-09-19

Drip fertigation technique with planting models strategies trigger grain filling, endogenous hormonal changes and maize productivity under semi-arid regions.

Wang Jiaqi J, Diao Jian J, Xu Zhe Z, Ma Ning N et al.

Mulch drip fertigation strategies have been widely adopted to improve maize productivity in semi-arid regions. However, the impact of the mulch-based drip fertigation on endogenous hormone dynamics in crops and grain yield has not been fully elucidated, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying yield improvement under different drip fertigation strategies remain unclear. Grain filling has a significant impact on maize production. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of plastic film mulching materials on maize grain filling under a drip fertigation strategy, and the relationship between this effect and changes in endogenous hormones. This study compared biodegradable film mulching (BM) with soil crust ridges (SR) under high (H), medium (M), and low (L) drip irrigation conditions, and measured that the grain filling characteristics and changes in grain endogenous hormones in various parts of maize ears during the growth stage. The results showed that the grain filling rate, dry matter plant-1, hormone changes, yield components, water use efficiency (WUE), and ET of maize under the BMH treatment were significantly higher than those under the SR treatment. BMH treatment significantly increased soil water storage significantly increased plant hormone contents such as abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-Acetic acid (IAA), and zeatin + Zeatin Riboside (Z+ZR), and decreased the evolution rate of gibberellins (Gas) and ethylene, thereby increasing maize yield. These results indicate that BMH treatment improved the filling process, soil respiration rate, WUE, yield, and yield composition of maize. High drip fertigation with BM or SR treatment significantly affected endogenous hormone changes, thereby regulating the activity grain-filling period (AGP), maximum grain-filling rate (Gmax), maximum grain weight (Wmax), mean grain-filling rates (Gmean) and occurrence time of maximal filling rate (Tmax) of maize. In addition, high drip fertigation and the BM strategy significantly increased soil water storage and soil respiration rate during the grain filling period. Based on these results, we conclude that BMH significantly improved soil water storage, thereby regulating the maize grain filling rate, which was significantly correlated with the balance of endogenous hormones in the grains.

PMID 42760979
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in endocrinology2026-09-19

Amniotic-fluid metabolomics identifies phospholipid remodeling as a metabolic signature of intrauterine exposure in pregnancies with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Wu Shimin S, Shi Jiayu J, He Chenyan C, Chen Jie J et al.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with metabolic and hormonal disturbances during pregnancy, but whether these alterations are reflected in the fetal intrauterine exposure environment remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify polycystic ovary syndrome-related intrauterine metabolic signatures using late-gestation amniotic fluid. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on late-gestation amniotic fluid samples from women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls. Differential metabolite analysis, pathway-level analysis, and multilevel sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify robust metabolic alterations associated with maternal polycystic ovary syndrome. Exploratory placental transcriptomic analysis and targeted RT-qPCR assessment in an independent sample set were further used to examine tissue-level molecular changes related to the lipidomic findings. Amniotic fluid from pregnancies with polycystic ovary syndrome showed a distinct metabolic profile dominated by lipid remodeling. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in membrane phospholipids, sphingolipid-related metabolites, polyunsaturated fatty acid-related pathways, and selected steroid hormone-related metabolites. Phospholipid remodeling was characterized by decreased phosphatidylcholine species, increased phosphatidylethanolamine species, a lower phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, and redistribution of arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism provided an additional polyunsaturated fatty acid-related signal. Sphingolipid enrichment suggested that lipid alterations extended from membrane structural remodeling to lipid-mediated signaling. Selected steroid hormone-related metabolites were also elevated, consistent with an altered hormonal milieu in pregnancies with polycystic ovary syndrome. These signatures remained largely stable across sensitivity analyses, as did the multivariable-adjusted inverse association between PE(16:0/20:4) and birth weight. Exploratory placental transcriptomic analysis and targeted RT-qPCR assessment in a small independent cohort provided preliminary tissue-level support for phospholipid-related molecular alterations, with the clearest changes involving PLA2-family genes and PCYT1A, suggesting cross-cohort convergence at the pathway level. These findings identify phospholipid remodeling as a major amniotic-fluid metabolic signature of polycystic ovary syndrome-related intrauterine exposure. PUFA-related metabolism, sphingolipid enrichment, and steroid hormone-related alterations provide additional metabolic context. Complementary placental molecular findings and the inverse association between PE(16:0/20:4) and birth weight further suggest potential links with the maternal-fetal interface and fetal growth. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological relevance of these changes and their potential role in offspring metabolic susceptibility.

PMID 42760943
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of biophotonics2026-09-19

Enhancement of Harvested Islet Functionality Through Photostimulation.

Fowlds Kelli K, Darden Carly M CM, Lawrence Michael C MC, Cho Michael M

Allogeneic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for Type I diabetes, but its success is limited by islet loss during isolation, purification, and engraftment, resulting in variable long-term insulin independence. Our previous studies demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) significantly enhances insulin and glucagon secretion in pancreatic cells, likely through modulation of ATP production and calcium signaling pathways involved in hormone release. Building on these mechanistic findings, we investigated whether PBM could similarly improve the functionality of whole islets before transplantation. Mouse islets were isolated by pancreatectomy, cultured ex vivo, and treated daily with PBM for 7 days. Fluorescence imaging and functional assays were used to assess insulin expression and secretion. PBM significantly enhanced insulin secretion, with an approximately twofold increase observed after 3 days of treatment. These findings support PBM as a promising, noninvasive approach for improving islet function before transplantation.

PMID 42760903
Read full article →
PubMedPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2026-09-19

High-salt diet modulates endocrine regulation between cortisol and FGF23.

Moor Matthias B MB, Sagmeister Michael S MS, Crastin Ana A, Kopper Klaudia K et al.

Excessive dietary salt intake is a global health concern, affecting cardiovascular, renal, and bone health. While the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a known regulator of dietary salt-induced hormonal responses, the impact of adrenal cortisol remains unclear. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis in individuals (n = 321) consuming a random diet. Dietary salt intake positively correlated with urinary cortisol and inversely correlated with plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone regulating phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Controlled salt diets in healthy individuals confirmed a dose-dependent increase in urinary cortisol and suppression of plasma FGF23. In mice, oral corticosterone, a cortisol analogue, reduced circulating FGF23 levels. RNA-seq analysis of corticosterone-treated MC3T3 osteoblasts identified suppression of FGF23 via glucocorticoid receptor activation, anti-inflammatory pathways, and reduced osteoblast activity. Our findings provide evidence for an endocrine cascade in which high salt intake elevates cortisol signaling and suppresses FGF23.

PMID 42760427
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of retina and vitreous2026-09-19

Microaneurysm segmentation in early diabetic retinopathy: a localized patch-based U-Net approach to overcome microscopic lesion oversight.

Atada Likhitha D LD, Manjunath Madhura Prakash MP, Prasad Deepthi K DK, Srinivasan Venkatakrishnan V

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment and a major long-term microvascular complication of diabetes. Early detection and prevention of diabetes-related complications through advanced imaging and software-assisted patient management remain important clinical priorities. Microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest and most subtle indicators of DR, but their small size and low contrast often lead to missed detection during manual fundus examination, delaying intervention. Automated MA segmentation is therefore essential for large-scale DR screening. We conducted a controlled empirical evaluation of localized patch-based training for microaneurysm (MA) segmentation, benchmarking a compact, imbalance-aware U-Net model including learnable transposed-convolution up-sampling against a full-image U-Net trained on identical data. Fundus images and corresponding MA masks were divided into non-overlapping 256 × 256 patches, increasing MA pixel density per training sample by approximately 60-fold relative to full-image input thereby directly targeting the extreme class imbalance that causes full-image models to collapse to all-background predictions. The model was trained and evaluated on the publicly available IDRiD [Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset] and DDR [Dataset for Diabetic Retinopathy] datasets. Performance was assessed using Intersection over Union (IoU), Dice coefficient, accuracy, recall, and precision. Performance was evaluated on a representative held-out subset of 100 images selected from an independent pool of 514 MA-annotated test images spanning the IDRiD and DDR datasets. The patch-based model achieved an overall pixel-level accuracy of 99.89%, a Dice coefficient of 76.9%, IoU of 63.2%, recall (sensitivity) of 69.1% and precision of 88.7%, while the full-image U-Net trained on the same data failed to recover any MA pixels (IoU = 0, Dice = 0) despite comparable pixel accuracy thereby demonstrating that overlap-based metrics, not accuracy, are the decisive criterion for this task. Per-image lesion-coverage analysis showed a mean match rate of approximately 60% of annotated MA contours, providing a clinically interpretable read-out beyond pixel overlap. This controlled empirical evaluation demonstrates that localized patch-based training is an effective and computationally efficient strategy for overcoming the extreme class imbalance that causes conventional full-image U-Nets to systematically miss microaneurysms. The proposed patch-based U-Net showed promising microaneurysm segmentation performance on a held-out subset of IDRiD and DDR images; further evaluation on the additional datasets and independent external cohorts can aid in the clinical screening utility.

PMID 42760570
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about hormone patches