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TY

typhoid conjugate vaccine

✓ Approved

Bio Farma · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is typhoid conjugate vaccine?

typhoid conjugate vaccine is a vaccine developed by Bio Farma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyBio Farma
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bio Farma

Therapeutic Indications

typhoid conjugate vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsTyphoid fever✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-19

Comprehensive Stability Assessment of Squalene in a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant and the SpiN-Tec Vaccine: HPLC Quantification, Stress Testing, and Stability Studies.

Gomes Isabela Pereira IP, Rivelli Graziella Gomes GG, Bagno Flávia Fonseca FF, Hojo-Souza Natália Satchiko NS et al.

Squalene-based nanoemulsions are widely used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations, but their stability can be affected by environmental factors such as pH, oxidative stress, temperature, and light. We have produced a squalene nanoemulsion (CTVad1) to support the clinical development of new vaccines. This study aimed to develop and validate an HPLC method for squalene quantification in SpiN-Tec, a recombinant protein vaccine against COVID-19. We also aimed to evaluate the stability of the CTVad1 adjuvant and SpiN-Tec under controlled storage conditions. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated, and comprehensive forced degradation studies were performed on the raw material and SpiN-Tec under acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating capability of the method. Physicochemical, morphological, and biological characteristics were assessed, and stability studies of both the vaccine and the CTVad1 adjuvant were performed under accelerated and long-term conditions. The HPLC method was selective, precise, accurate, linear, and robust. Squalene raw material degraded under all tested conditions, whereas formulation in nano-sized globules improved its stability, with degradation observed only under hydrogen peroxide and light exposure. CTVad1 remained stable over time, exhibiting only minor, non-critical changes within the specification limits in both accelerated and long-term stability studies, regardless of the glass packaging used (clear or amber). In addition, the SpiN-Tec vaccine maintained its physicochemical and biological integrity under all tested conditions, with all evaluated parameters remaining within the established specification ranges. Our findings demonstrate that proper formulation, packaging, and storage conditions can preserve squalene stability in nanoemulsion-based vaccines, ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of the SpiN-Tec vaccine and its adjuvant throughout shelf life.

PMID 42760453
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PubMedOcular immunology and inflammation2026-09-19

Bilateral Maculopathy in an Infant Following Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster (MMRV) Vaccination.

Ben-Avi Ravid R, Amer Radgonde R

To report on the long-term clinical outcome of a healthy infant who presented with posterior uveitis following the administration of the combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Descriptive case report. A 13-month-old infant presented with bilateral visual loss two weeks after receiving the MMRV vaccine. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral retinitis and retinal vasculitis with exudative retinal detachment. Extensive infectious work-up was conducted including serologic exams and PCR testing of blood, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Serological tests for measles yielded positive IgM and IgG titers. PCR testing for measles in the aqueous humor and urine was negative. Neurologic assessment and neuroimaging were unremarkable, excluding central nervous system involvement. Empiric systemic antiviral and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. Gradual resolution of posterior uveitis ensued, culminating in bilateral macular scars. Over a six-year follow-up period, the patient demonstrated stable ocular findings with no evidence of recurrent inflammation or systemic autoimmune disease. Final visual acuity was 6/9 in each eye. This case represents a rare occurrence of non-necrotizing retinitis following MMRV vaccination. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the sequential OCT characteristics of presumed measles vaccine-associated retinitis. The prolonged follow-up period supports the absence of an alternative etiology and provides valuable insight into the long-term course and visual prognosis of vaccine-associated retinopathy.

PMID 42760840
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PubMedMedScience2026-09-19

Neoantigen cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors: opportunities and challenges.

Zhao Zixuan Z, Du Xinyu X, Gao Xiaoliang X, Zhao Sheng S et al.

Gastrointestinal tumors are characterized by high global incidence and mortality rates. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved breakthroughs in some of these cancers, their overall response rate remains low. Neoantigen cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising new strategy for immunotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors due to their high specificity and strong immunogenicity. These vaccines effectively activate specific T-cell immunity and can produce synergistic effects when combined with ICIs. Various vaccine platforms offer distinct advantages, and clinical trials have shown encouraging potential in inducing immune responses and extending progression-free survival. Meanwhile, current challenges and future directions cannot be ignored. Key challenges primarily involve the accuracy of neoantigen prediction, tumor heterogeneity, and optimal treatment timing. Future directions include artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted multi-omics screening, the development of universal vaccines, optimization of novel delivery systems, and multimodal combination strategies. These advances are expected to promote the application of neoantigen cancer vaccines in postoperative recurrence prevention and early-stage treatment, ultimately moving toward personalized precision immunotherapy. This article systematically reviews the clinical progress and prospects of neoantigen cancer vaccines in treating gastrointestinal tumors, aiming to provide insights for immunotherapy in this field and offer new perspectives for further optimization of such vaccines.

PMID 42760419
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-09-19

Interim efficacy and preliminary survival outcomes of polatuzumab vedotin in combination for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective real-world study.

Liu Songshen S, Zhao Xia X, Shi Xue X, Xu Hong H et al.

The standard first-line R-CHOP regimen achieves cure in only approximately 50% of patients. Polatuzumab vedotin (Pola) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting the B-cell receptor component CD79b; however, evidence regarding its real-world efficacy remains relatively limited. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Pola in combination therapy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 140 patients with complete clinical records treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between September 2022 and September 2025. Among them, 114 patients received combination regimens containing Pola, while 26 patients received regimens without Pola. Given the limited follow-up duration, this study primarily assessed interim efficacy, with preliminary survival data also reported. Among the 140 eligible patients, 4 deaths and 20 disease progressions occurred. The age range was 23-91, with a median age of 67; 45.0% were female. An ECOG performance status ≥2 was observed in 16.4% of patients, and 20.7% presented with B symptoms. Elevated LDH levels were found in 57.9% of patients. Ann Arbor stage III or IV disease was present in 65.0% of patients, and an IPI score >2 was recorded in 50.7%. Double-expressor lymphoma was diagnosed in 40.0% of cases. Bone marrow involvement was detected in 20.0% of patients, while 83.6% had lymph node extracapsular extension. Immunohistochemistry staining showed 36 patients (25.7%) with GCB subtype and 99 patients (70.7%) with non-GCB subtype. Median follow-up was 11 months (95% CI: 10.85-13.15). The objective response rate (ORR) was 94.4% in the Pola group and 70.0% in the non-Pola group (OR = 7.1, 95% CI: 2.0-27.2, P<0.001). Complete remission (CR) rates were 53.7% and 20.0%, respectively (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.7-14.9, P = 0.002). The Pola group showed a statistically significant advantage in progression-free survival (PFS). Six-month PFS rates were 90.4% (95% CI: 84.8%-96.3%) for the Pola group and 76.9% (95% CI: 62.3%-94.9%) for the non-Pola group, while 12-month PFS rates were 87.2% (95% CI: 80.5%-94.6%) and 67.9% (95% CI: 51.7%-89.2%), respectively. Combination regimens containing Polatuzumab vedotin demonstrated a marked interim efficacy advantage, which may translate into potential long-term survival benefits.

PMID 42761030
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PubMedJournal of travel medicine2026-09-18

Developing Country Vaccination Recommendations for Travellers: The UK National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) Methodology for Typhoid and Hepatitis A.

Rodriguez-Valero Natalia N, Gawthrop Mary M, Kanagarajah Sanch S, Kirkbride Hilary H et al.

The National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) regularly reviews country-specific vaccination recommendations to align with current epidemiological evidence. This update aimed to refine hepatitis A and typhoid vaccination guidance by integrating recent data and clarifying decision-making criteria. A structured review of hepatitis A and typhoid epidemiology (2022-2025) used Global Burden of Disease data, World Bank income classifications, and Age at Midpoint of Population Immunity values to assess hepatitis A endemicity. Typhoid risk was categorised using incidence thresholds defining high, intermediate, and low risk. National income level served as a proxy for sanitation, while antimicrobial resistance informed recommendations. Extensively drug-resistant typhoid prompted vaccination recommendations for most travellers regardless of incidence. Where data were limited, previous NaTHNaC guidance, UK Health Security Agency information, outbreak reports, and expert consensus were used. Epidemiologically borderline countries underwent individual review, and recommendations were validated before publication. Hepatitis A recommendations were based on endemicity, incidence, and income status. High endemicity or incidence generally warranted vaccination for most travellers, whereas low endemicity in high-income countries usually did not. Thirty recommendation updates were introduced, affecting 15.4% of countries worldwide (30/195), mainly in Central Asia and the Caribbean. Several high-income countries, including Israel and Panama, were reclassified to lower risk, although vaccination remains recommended for certain travellers to countries such as South Korea and Chile because of recurrent outbreaks.Typhoid guidance incorporated incidence, income level, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Forty recommendation updates were made, affecting 20.5% of countries worldwide (40/195). Changes included lower-risk classifications across much of the Americas and increased-risk classifications in parts of the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Oceania. These revisions strengthen evidence-based travel health advice and highlight the need for continued adaptation of vaccination policies. However, limitations in surveillance and modelling data, including incomplete reporting and potential bias propagation, emphasise the need for improved global infectious disease monitoring.

PMID 42758860
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PubMedThe Journal of infectious diseases2026-09-18

Systems analysis of immunity to pneumococcal vaccination in preterm and full term infants.

Geropeppa Maria M, Papadatou Ioanna I, Verrou Kleio-Maria KM, Lembessis Panagiotis P et al.

Preterm infants mount lower humoral responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) than full-term infants; however, the long-term impact of prematurity on vaccine-induced protection remains unclear. This study investigates the innate and adaptive immune responses to a 3+1 PCV13 schedule in preterm versus full-term infants using transcriptomic profiling and B-cell immunophenotyping. Thirty-eight infants (19 preterm,19 full-term) received PCV13 at 2,4,6, and 12 months. Polysaccharide (PS)1- and PS9V-specific memory B cells (MBCs) were enumerated and phenotyped by flow cytometry, while PS-specific IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA before and after the third and booster doses. RNA sequencing was performed before and 3 days after the third dose. Primary PCV13 immunization induced a markedly broader transcriptional response in preterm than in full-term infants (267 differentially expressed genes vs. 29 in full-term), dominated by pro-inflammatory signatures. Preterm infants exhibited higher frequencies of total and PS-specific extra-germinal center(GC) MBCs but lower switched MBCs following primary immunization; these differences largely converged post-booster. PS-specific IgG titers remained lower in preterm infants both after primary and booster doses. PS-specific switched MBCs post-primary were positively correlated with antibody titers post-booster. The broad upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in preterm infants was negatively correlated with their PS-specific antibody titers. PCV13 immunization elicits distinct immunological profiles in preterm vs full-term infants, marked by skewed B-cell differentiation and broader pro-inflammatory transcriptional activity. Booster immunization largely harmonized MBC composition across gestational groups, while early GC-derived MBC populations emerged as candidate correlated of durable vaccine-induced immunity.

PMID 42758202
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