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Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried) (Shigella FS vaccine)

✓ Approved

China National Pharmaceutical · Cell-based Therapies · Cell-based Therapies

What is Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried)?

Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried) is a cell-based therapies developed by China National Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesShigella FS vaccine
CompanyChina National Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassCell-based Therapies, Vaccine
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Pharmaceutical

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PubMedMedicine2026-09-19

Association among physical activity, stress and oral health among university students: A cross-sectional study.

Li Qianru Q, Chen Zhe Z, Sun Chenyuan C, Lin Shengyun S et al.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the interrelationships among physical activity, stress, and oral health status in university students to provide empirical evidence for targeted oral health promotion strategies. A survey was conducted among current university students in mainland China. Physical activity was evaluated via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, and stress was measured through the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. Oral health status was evaluated through self-reported indicators, including gingival bleeding, toothache, and oral ulcer. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 1578 participants were included. Findings revealed that 47.7% of students had insufficient physical activity, while 38.7% reported high or excessive stress. Multivariable logistic regression showed that insufficient physical activity and elevated stress levels were associated with an increased risk of gingival bleeding and oral ulcers (P < .05). Structural equation modeling showed that physical activity was negatively associated with perceived stress (standardized coefficient = -0.360, P < .05), and perceived stress was positively associated with self‑reported oral symptoms (standardized coefficient = 0.411, P < .05). However, the direct association between physical activity and oral symptoms was not statistically significant (standardized coefficient = -0.009, P = .765). Physical activity, stress, and oral health are closely intertwined. Insufficient activity and high stress are critical determinants of poor oral health among university students. The observed association between physical activity and oral symptoms was mediated primarily through perceived stress rather than a direct effect. Universities should implement integrated interventions that encourage regular exercise and provide mental health support to enhance the holistic and oral well-being of the student population.

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PubMedF1000Research2026-09-19

The Beekeeping Sector of Kazakhstan and Contributions to the Pharmaceutical Industry: Promising Flavonoids with the Pharmacokinetic Properties Via the Computational Evaluations.

Kaya Şeyda Ş, Selamoglu Zeliha Z, Durna Daştan Sevgi S, Gaipov Tulkinzhon T et al.

Bee products are rich sources of bioactive flavonoids with potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research. However, differences in the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of individual flavonoids may substantially influence their drug-likeness and bioavailability. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug-likeness profiles of four representative flavonoids commonly associated with bee products myricetin, galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin. In silico pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness analyses were performed using the SwissADME web platform. The investigated compounds were evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate status, and compliance with established drug-likeness rules, including Lipinski, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. All four flavonoids exhibited favorable molecular properties and an identical predicted bioavailability score of 0.55. Galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin showed high predicted gastrointestinal absorption and fully complied with the Lipinski, Veber, Egan, and Muegge drug-likeness criteria. In contrast, myricetin exhibited comparatively lower predicted gastrointestinal absorption, which may be associated with its higher polarity, greater hydrogen-bonding capacity, and elevated topological polar surface area. None of the investigated flavonoids was predicted to penetrate the BBB or to act as a P-gp substrate. Variations in hydroxyl substitution were associated with marked differences in lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, membrane permeability, and overall pharmacokinetic behavior. Among the compounds evaluated, galangin displayed the most balanced physicochemical and medicinal chemistry profile, whereas kaempferol and quercetin also demonstrated favorable characteristics for oral drug development. The findings indicate that flavonoids associated with Kazakhstan bee products possess distinct but generally favorable drug-likeness and predicted pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, galangin emerged as the most balanced candidate among the compounds examined. Integrating in silico pharmacokinetic assessment with knowledge of bee-product composition may contribute to the scientific evaluation, quality standardization, and value-added utilization of Kazakhstan's apicultural resources, while providing a basis for further experimental investigation of their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential.

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Regional Disparities in the Prevalence of Probing Depths and Tooth Loss in Germany-Results From the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Gortschakow Jana J, Borof Katrin K, Sasunna Dominic D, Kuhr Kathrin K et al.

To evaluate regional disparities in the prevalence, severity and extent of probing depths (PDs) as well as tooth loss in German adults aged 19-74, using data from the baseline study of the German National Cohort (NAKO; 2014-2019). Dental examinations were recorded at two levels: Level 1 (18/18 centres; N = 184,871; tooth counts including third molars and dental interview) and Level 2 (8/18 centres, not geographically representative; N = 18,389; recording of PDs). We evaluated differences by sex, age and study region. All data were survey-weighted. For individuals aged 65-74, we supplemented tooth loss data from the Fifth German Oral Health Study and the Study of Health in Pomerania. Among Level 1 participants, the prevalence of edentulism was 1.7% (95% confidence interval: 1.6-1.9). The average mean PD was 1.89 mm (1.87-1.91). Both edentulism and PDs increased with increasing age. There were clear regional disparities, with the lowest prevalence of both in Augsburg/Regensburg in the south (1.3% and 1.64 mm) and the highest in Neubrandenburg in the north-east (2.3% and 2.31 mm). Clear regional disparities emerged. In light of demographic changes, these results highlight the importance of incorporating region-specific oral health burdens into future healthcare planning and treatment concepts.

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PubMedMedicine2026-09-19

Impact of a standardized oral care protocol on oral mucositis severity in leukemia patients receiving induction chemotherapy.

Yu Fen F, Mao Tian T

This study aimed to evaluate whether a standardized oral care protocol is associated with reduced oral mucositis (OM) severity among leukemia patients receiving induction chemotherapy. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Severe OM occurred in 17/90 (18.9%) in the protocol group versus 30/90 (33.3%) with usual care (odds ratio 0.46; P = .027); the association remained significant after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio 0.50; P = .044). OM duration was shorter with the protocol (median 6 vs 8 days; P = .003), with faster time to resolution (14 vs 16 days; P = .04). The protocol group reported lower maximum pain (median 3 vs 5; P < .001), less opioid use (44.4% vs 60.0%; P = .036), lower morphine milligram equivalents (60 vs 120 mg; P = .006), and reduced parenteral nutrition use (13.3% vs 24.4%; P = .049). Febrile neutropenia, blood culture positivity, intensive care unit transfer, and length of stay did not differ significantly. A standardized oral care protocol was associated with reduced severe OM and meaningful improvements in OM duration and symptom burden during leukemia induction chemotherapy. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm effectiveness and implementation fidelity. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study including adult leukemia inpatients receiving induction chemotherapy. Patients were grouped by exposure to a standardized oral care protocol with per-shift documentation versus usual care (90 vs 90). OM was graded each shift using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 from induction day 1 to hospital discharge. The primary outcome was peak OM severity; severe OM was defined as CTCAE grade ≥ 3. Secondary outcomes included OM incidence (CTCAE ≥ 1), time to onset, duration, time to resolution, maximum oral pain score (0-10 Numeric Rating Scale), opioid use and cumulative morphine milligram equivalents, parenteral nutrition use, febrile neutropenia (temperature > 38.3°C with neutropenia), blood culture positivity, intensive care unit transfer, and length of stay. Group comparisons used Pearson χ2/Fisher exact tests and appropriate parametric/nonparametric tests. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between protocol exposure and severe OM.

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PubMedThe AAPS journal2026-09-19

Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science: Opportunities, Challenges, and Emerging Frameworks.

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