Drug Database
TR

transdermal DDS (Latitude / transdermal DDS, 3M / TDDS)

✓ Approved

3M Pharmaceuticals · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is transdermal DDS?

transdermal DDS is a small molecule developed by 3M Pharmaceuticals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLatitude, transdermal DDS, 3M, TDDS
Company3M Pharmaceuticals
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, 3M Pharmaceuticals

Therapeutic Indications

transdermal DDS is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in nutrition2026-09-19

Association of priori dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fan Mengzhen M, Hao Linglun L, Wu Qingjie Q, Wang Xianjing X et al.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses an increasing threat to global health. Dietary patterns are recognized as modifiable factors related to MetS, but evidence on the associations of a priori dietary patterns with MetS remains inconsistent across studies. Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched up to March 20, 2025. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) exploring the associations of a priori dietary patterns with MetS were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were applied to assess the study quality. The certainty of the pooled evidence was assessed via the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A random-effects model was adopted to combine effect sizes. Thirty-nine studies were incorporated. Categorical analyses showed that higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with higher prevalence of MetS (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.33 [1.23-1.43], p < 0.001). Higher Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) was associated with lower prevalence of MetS (0.48 [0.41-0.58], p < 0.001). High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), or Healthy Eating Index (HEI) showed no significant associations with MetS. Given the limited data for continuous variables, continuous analyses were only conducted for OBS and MD. These continuous analyses indicated that higher OBS and MD scores were associated with lower prevalence of MetS (for OBS: 0.94 [0.92-0.96], p < 0.001; for MD: 0.89 [0.83-0.96], p = 0.001). A priori dietary patterns are closely associated with MetS. Promoting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant-rich, and Mediterranean-style eating patterns may be associated with lower prevalence of MetS, which could provide potential implications for the prevention and management of MetS. However, causal inference remains limited, and further prospective studies and trials are needed. Unique identifier: CRD420251043513, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251043513.

PMID 42761033
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PubMedSAGE open medicine2026-09-18

Accelerating autism prevalence in California with changepoint in the mid-2010s and divergence by county and socioeconomic indicators.

Nevison Cynthia C, Zahorodny Walter W

The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network has observed an ongoing increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among U.S. children, with highest prevalence in California. Recent county-level trends in California were analyzed to provide insight into this increase. ASD prevalence was estimated from the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) ASD caseload in 2025, stratified by county, race/ethnicity, and age across birth years 1993-2020. Denominators were estimated from the mean of public school and U.S. census data. Diagnosed ASD prevalence increased among all race/ethnicity groups across this period, with a strong uptick in the mid-2010s, most commonly in birth year 2016, in many low and middle income counties. The estimated values varied widely by county and by race/ethnicity, ranging from 1.2% ± 0.2% in San Mateo to 9.5 ± 1.3% in Los Angeles among white and black children, respectively, born in 2019. The rate of change in diagnosed prevalence from birth year 2015-2019 was significantly correlated to county Medicaid (Medi-Cal) fraction for Hispanics and all races, although this ecological association could not distinguish individual-level risk. Comparison of diagnosed ASD prevalence in San Diego County between DDS and ADDM (for which California is represented by San Diego) suggested that DDS tends to underestimate total ASD, likely because it represents the more severely affected subset. Within DDS, diagnosed prevalence trends in San Diego captured statewide California trends relatively well but prevalence was about 20% higher in San Diego by birth year 2019. Diagnosed ASD prevalence has risen unequally across California counties and race/ethnicity groups since the birth years of the mid-2010s, with the steepest increases in low and middle income counties. Understanding these patterns and disentangling true increases in ASD from diagnostic changes are urgent priorities for future research.

PMID 42756459
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PubMedEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026-09-18

The efficacy of transdermal melatonin in dental anxiety in children: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Wahba Nour N, Nagi Basma Mahmoud BM, El-Baraky Iman Ali IA, El-Motayam Ahmed Kamal AK

Dental anxiety, a prevalent barrier to optimum dental care, frequently necessitates pharmacological intervention. Melatonin appears to be a safe anxiolytic in medical settings but remains underexplored in paediatric dental anxiety management. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of transdermal melatonin patches in managing dental anxiety in children undergoing invasive dental treatment. 52 children aged 5-7 years undergoing dental treatment requiring infiltration local anaesthesia (LA) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg transdermal melatonin patches (n = 26) or placebo patches (n = 26), applied to the forearm 30 min before treatment. Outcomes included physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SPB), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)), and dental anxiety by self-reported Facial Image Scale (FIS). All outcomes were recorded at baseline (T1), post-administration (T2), post-LA (T3), and end of treatment (T4). Transdermal melatonin did not significantly affect either the physiological parameters or the FIS compared to placebo at any timepoint. Intragroup analysis revealed that melatonin protected against the rise in HR and DBP associated with LA injection observed in the placebo group following LA injection. ANCOVA indicated a moderate, statistically significant effect of melatonin on HR at T3 independent of baseline HR (effect size = 9%, P = 0.033, power = 58%). Melatonin induced a transient increase in SpO₂ noted post-administration (mean difference 0.96%, P = 0.019). Transdermal melatonin patches provided modest cardioprotective effects against the haemodynamic stress of dental injections during paediatric dental procedures but did not significantly reduce self-reported dental anxiety.

PMID 42758406
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PubMedJournal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition2026-09-18

Engineering centrifugally spun nanofibrous matrices as high-performance transdermal patches for accelerated Alzheimer's treatment.

Gaber Dalia A DA

This study aimed to develop and optimize a centrifugally spun polycaprolactone/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PCL/PVA) nanofibrous transdermal patch containing polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and oleic acid to improve rivastigmine delivery for the long-term management of Alzheimer's disease. Rivastigmine-loaded nanofibrous patches were fabricated by centrifugal spinning and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Mechanical properties, drug release, ex vivo skin permeation and deposition, dermal irritation, pharmacokinetics in New Zealand White rabbits, and stability were systematically evaluated. The optimized formulation (F5) produced uniform, bead-free nanofibers (1.7 ± 0.3 μm) with rivastigmine molecularly dispersed in an amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. The patch exhibited favorable mechanical properties, sustained drug release, enhanced ex vivo skin permeation (0.50 ± 0.04 mg/cm2 at 24 h), and increased drug deposition within the viable epidermis and dermis, indicating cutaneous reservoir formation. Dermal irritation was negligible (Primary Irritation Index = 0.08). Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated prolonged systemic absorption (Tmax = 6.0 ± 1.0 h) and approximately five-fold greater systemic exposure (AUC0-∞ = 345 ± 28 ng·h/mL) than the oral formulation (67 ± 9 ng·h/mL, p < 0.05).The optimized centrifugally spun nanofibrous patch provided sustained rivastigmine delivery, excellent dermal biocompatibility, enhanced skin deposition, and improved systemic bioavailability, supporting its potential as a scalable transdermal platform for long-term Alzheimer's disease therapy.

PMID 42757822
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PubMedJournal of analytical toxicology2026-09-18

Urinary detection and metabolites profiles of trenbolone and metenolone following trace-level dermal exposure.

Krombholz Sophia S, Angelis Yiannis A YA, Fußhöller Gregor G, Thevis Mario M

Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can result in adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in doping controls with a comparably long detectability of the parent compound and/or their metabolites in urine samples. Transdermal absorption is influenced by multiple factors, including physicochemical properties of the substance and solubility; but is largely driven by the degree of exposure, i.e. amount of substance applied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the detectability and urinary excretion profiles of trenbolone (TREN) and metenolone (MET) after dermal exposure to microgram quantities of these frequently abused AAS. Controlled excretion studies were conducted with healthy male volunteers, and each participant received a single dose of 50 µg TREN or MET via dermal application to the forearm. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for the parent compounds and their metabolites by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). To enhance sensitivity and product ion formation, derivatization with Girard's reagent T was employed for MET and its metabolites. Following administration of transdermal microdoses, both substances and/or their metabolites were detectable in the urine samples of all participants. For TREN, predominantly the established main metabolite epitrenbolone was identified, with maximum concentrations up to 2.6 ng/ml and a detection window of up to three days post-application. Maximum concentrations of MET ranged from 0.1-1.2 ng/ml. Notably, particularly the sulfoconjugated metabolite of MET remained detectable for over a week in one volunteer. Metabolite profiles were compared with those of urine samples obtained after oral administration of the steroids to assess potential differences. Considering the increasing number of alleged transdermal contamination cases, the results provide important analytical data to better assess the plausibility of such claims.

PMID 42758135
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PubMedPharmaceutical research2026-09-18

Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Non-Oral Drug Delivery: A Critical Review Bridging Mechanistic Advantages and Gaps in Translational Evidence.

Riccio Bruno Vincenzo Fiod BVF, Leão Aline Franciane AF, Klosowski Ana Beatriz AB, Boni Fernanda Isadora FI et al.

Non-oral drug delivery routes, including cutaneous, transdermal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, parenteral, vaginal, and rectal administration, are essential for both local and systemic therapies but impose route-specific constraints on drug dissolution, retention, permeation, clearance, and exposure. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs),extensively investigated for oral delivery, may improve the performance of poorly water-soluble drugs by stabilizing high-energy amorphous states, increasing apparent solubility, and promoting transient supersaturation. However, their translation into non-oral dosage forms remains fragmented and largely preclinical. This review critically examines the potential, limitations, and translational challenges of ASDs for non-oral drug delivery, with emphasis on the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, pharmaceutical, and route-dependent determinants governing their performance. Key aspects discussed include drug-polymer interactions, molecular mobility, phase behavior, water uptake, crystallization, interactions with secondary pharmaceutical bases, and route-specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Current evidence is examined across dermal, transdermal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, vaginal, rectal, and parenteral delivery systems. Parenteral administration is considered a special case encompassing sterile suspensions, reconstitutable systems, microneedles, implants, and depot-forming formulations. Recent technological advances, patent and industrial landscapes, and the potential extension of ASD principles to peptides, proteins, biologics, and other complex molecular entities are also addressed. ASDs are further positioned in relation to alternative and complementary solubility-enhancing technologies, including nanoparticles, nanocrystals, cocrystals, cyclodextrins, micelles, lipid-based systems, emulsions, solvents, and cosolvents. ASDs off er a promising but still underdeveloped strategy for improving non-oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Their successful translation will depend not only on achieving and maintaining favorable amorphousstates and supersaturation, but also on converting these physicochemical advantages into route-specific drug exposure, therapeutic benefit, formulation stability, manufacturability, and clinically meaningful outcomes.

PMID 42754781
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