nitroglycerin (Adesitrin / Deponit / Cordipatch)

Flower visitors of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in West Bengal and assessing yield enhancement by stingless bee (Tetragonula pagdeni Schwarz) pollination.

Layek Ujjwal U, Bhandari Trisha T, Maji Joydeb J, Karmakar Prakash P

Amid growing concerns over the decline of pollinator populations, understanding the diversity of pollinators is essential for optimising crop yields. The wild pollinators of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) in West Bengal, India, have not yet been fully documented, and the potential of stingless bees as commercial pollinators remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to identify the floral visitors of chili pepper and to assess the pollination efficiency of stingless bees (Tetragonula pagdeni). Bees (including honeybees, solitary bees, and stingless bees), butterflies, and wasps were observed visiting chili flowers. The most abundant and effective pollinators were Lasioglossum cavernifrons, Nomia (Hoplonomia) elliotii, Nomia strigata, and Tetragonula pagdeni. The crop species exhibited a high dependence on pollinators for yield, and pollination by managed stingless bees significantly enhanced both the quality and quantity of the yield. Therefore, the management of stingless bee pollination represents a promising approach for yield optimisation of chili pepper in sustainable agricultural systems.

Photobiomodulation and Migraine: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Machado Lucas da Silva LDS, Schwartz Allan Yukawa AY, Lizarelli Rosane de Fátima Zanirato RFZ, Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inoue ASI et al.

Background: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, altered cortical excitability, and neurovascular dysregulation. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive intervention based on red or near-infrared light, has emerged as a promising strategy due to its multimodal biological effects.Objective: This narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation in migraine.Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE for studies published up to June 2026, focusing on photobiomodulation, low-level laser therapy, migraine, headache, and related biological mechanisms.Results: Mechanistic evidence indicates that photobiomodulation enhances mitochondrial respiration, increases ATP production, restores redox homeostasis, and modulates nitric oxide signaling, contributing to improved cerebral perfusion and neurovascular coupling. In addition, photobiomodulation attenuates neuroinflammatory responses by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation while promoting neuroplasticity and cortical homeostasis. Preclinical models relevant to migraine, including trigeminovascular activation, nitroglycerin-induced hypersensitivity, and cortical spreading depression, support its translational plausibility by demonstrating reductions in hyperalgesia, oxidative stress, and neural inflammation.Conclusion: Although migraine-specific evidence remains limited, photobiomodulation represents a safe and potentially disease-modifying therapeutic approach. Future controlled clinical trials are needed to determine optimal stimulation parameters and clinical efficacy in migraine management.

Nitroglycerin and Chest Pain for the Anesthesia Team: Optimizing Pulse Field Ablations.

Khoche Swapnil S, Roberson Jesse J, Cronin Brett B

AlSi10Mg Heat Sinks for Passive Cooling: Convective-Radiative Performance of Finned and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Designs via Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

Hollaman Josef Thomas JT, Saeed Adil A, Khan Zulfiqar Ahmad ZA, Singleton Thomas T

Increasing power densities in electronic systems require efficient passive thermal-management solutions. This study numerically compares five DMLS-compatible AlSi10Mg heat-sink architectures: perforated planar-fin, curved radial-fin, Schwarz P, BCC diamond and gyroid designs. Conjugate heat-transfer simulations incorporating conduction, natural convection and surface radiation were performed under an identical 18 W thermal load. Performance was evaluated using surface temperature, thermal resistance, temperature uniformity and convective-radiative heat dissipation. The gyroid achieved the lowest average surface temperature (82.02 °C) and combined thermal resistance (3.30 °C W-1), whereas the BCC diamond provided the greatest temperature uniformity (UI = 0.035). Radiation contributed 46-73% of total heat dissipation and was highest for the gyroid architecture. The results demonstrate that increased surface area alone does not ensure improved passive cooling; thermal performance depends on the coupled effects of topology, airflow accessibility and radiative heat exchange. Gyroid TPMS architectures therefore provide a promising DMLS-compatible approach for passive thermal management.