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salbutamol + ipratropium bromide (Respimat Combivent)

✓ Approved

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is salbutamol + ipratropium bromide?

salbutamol + ipratropium bromide is a small molecule developed by Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesRespimat Combivent
CompanyBoehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2, CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

salbutamol + ipratropium bromide acts on 5 molecular targets:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
CHRM1cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1, HM1)
CHRM2cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (HM2)
CHRM3cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (HM3, PBS)
CHRM4cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (HM4, M4R)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

salbutamol + ipratropium bromide is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary disease✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthmaPhase III

Related Research Articles

PubMedChemical communications (Cambridge, England)2026-08-25

Cetyl-containing solid-state ionic liquids as hosts for organic room-temperature phosphorescence systems.

Lee Bong B, Pham Danh D, Favret Jeanne M JM, Gryczynski Zygmunt Z et al.

Solid-state analogues of ionic liquids containing a cetyl-alkyl group act as efficient hosts with designer capabilities for generating viable host-guest room-temperature phosphorescence systems, with the combination of an aliphatic cyclic cation and bromide anion exhibiting superior host capabilities when a set of all-organic phosphorescent dyes is used as guests.

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PubMedNature communications2026-08-25

Near-unity near-infrared emission from Mo6 cluster doped hybrid halide glasses via halide-ligand and matrix engineering.

Feng Xuhui X, Cai Peiqing P, Lei Da D, Liu Keyuan K et al.

Efficient and air-stable near-infrared emitters are needed for compact optical systems, but translating highly emissive molecular triplet emitters into processable bulk solids remains challenging because aggregation, molecular motion and oxygen deactivate long-lived excited states. Here we show that a molecular hybrid halide glass can serve as a protective and regulating host for the triplet emission of molybdenum cluster. By comparing isostructural cluster salts with chloride, bromide and iodide terminal ligands, we establish how apical halide chemistry controls electronic structure and near-infrared radiative dynamics. The chloride-terminated cluster shows the highest efficiency among the molecular salts. When incorporated into a cadmium chloride-based molecular hybrid glass, the clusters become molecularly dispersed, while matrix-dictated halide redistribution and amorphous confinement suppress aggregation, vibrational deactivation and oxygen accessibility. The optimized glass achieves 96.95% internal quantum efficiency and 91.43% external quantum efficiency in air, enabling compact near-infrared illumination for imaging applications.

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PubMedPediatric pulmonology2026-08-24

Viral Induced Hypersecretion of Mucous (VIper): Proposal for a Distinct Phenotype of Viral Induced Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children.

Massie John J, Baenziger Olivia O

Some children with an acute viral lower respiratory tract illness present with a phenotype that overlaps with, but is distinct from, that of asthma. These children have shortness of breath with increased work of breathing, wet cough, hypoxia out of proportion to the work of breathing, incomplete resolution of hypoxia with supplemental oxygen, worsening of oxygen saturation after salbutamol and improvement of oxygen saturation with coughing. The pathophysiology appears to relate to relate to excess mucous secretion in the airways causing ventilation:perfusion (V/Q) mismatching, which is then exacerbated by salbutamol use. A descriptive label for this condition is Viral Induced hypersecretion of mucous (VIper). Since this has yet to receive formal recognition as a subtype of viral induced lower respiratory tract infection in children, there are no published therapeutic trials of management. This letter details the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of mucous hypersecretion and V?Q mismatching. The value of considering VIper as a distinct subset of viral lower respiratory tract infection is to prevent harmful treatments and offer the opportunity for prospective trials of effective therapies.

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PubMedRecent advances in drug delivery and formulation2026-08-24

A Comprehensive Review of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Drug Formulation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications.

Ainurofiq Ahmad A, Ramadhana Yoga Prasetya YP, Rachmadani Salma Aqilah SA, Afidah Zanuba Arifatul Nur ZAN et al.

The development of efficient and targeted drug delivery systems remains a significant challenge, particularly for active pharmaceutical ingredients with poor aqueous solubility. Among various nanocarrier systems, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their high surface area, tunable pore size (2-50 nm), thermal stability, and chemical modifiability. This review comprehensively discusses the rationale behind the utilization of MSN as drug delivery systems, focusing on how the type and concentration of surfactants, along with surface functionalization strategies, influence their physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic performance. The synthesis of MSNs typically involves sol-gel processes using silica precursors (e.g., tetraethyl orthosilicate) and surfactants (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, Pluronic F127), which dictate the morphology, particle size, and pore architecture of the resulting nanoparticles. Furthermore, surface modifications employing functional groups such as polyethylene glycol or pH-responsive polymers enhance biocompatibility, prolong systemic circulation, and enable controlled and site-specific drug release. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates that MSNs significantly improve drug loading efficiency, enhance solubility and bioavailability, and reduce off-target toxicity. Consequently, MSNs represent a highly versatile and modifiable platform with considerable potential for addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems, particularly in oncology and the treatment of chronic diseases.

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PubMedMedicine2026-08-22

Rhabdomyolysis in a 10-month-old child: A case report and literature review.

Shao Hui H, Wang Na N

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of rhabdomyolysis (RM) in children are crucial to prevent potential complications, such as acute renal failure (ARF). Given that the clinical manifestations of RM in pediatric patients are often atypical, especially in infants, this case report aims to improve the recognition of RM by analyzing a specific clinical case and reviewing relevant literature. A 10-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital with a 3-day history of fever and a 1-day history of cough and rash. The child had no obvious cause of fever and showed no typical symptoms of RM, such as myalgia or myoglobinuria. Physical examination revealed red papules on the skin of the whole body. Laboratory tests showed a significant increase in serum creatine kinase (CK; 119,985 IU/L) and myoglobin (816.7 µg/L). The diagnosis was confirmed as RM based on these laboratory results, despite the absence of the classic clinical triad. The patient received symptomatic and supportive treatments, including atomization with budesonide and ipratropium bromide to relieve cough, oral administration of cefaclor to resist infection, and sodium bicarbonate to alkalize urine and prevent renal damage. In addition, methylprednisolone sodium succinate was used to regulate immunity, along with hepatoprotective agents (reduced glutathione) and myocardial nutrition agents (creatine phosphate sodium). After 13 days of hospitalization, the patient's symptoms (rash, cough, and thrush) disappeared. Laboratory parameters, including CK, CK isoenzyme, liver enzymes, and myoglobin, decreased significantly and returned to normal levels during follow-up. No ARF or recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up period. The recognition of RM in children should be improved. Clinicians should be vigilant when encountering atypical symptoms in conjunction with substantially elevated serum CK. Early and accurate diagnosis, along with active fluid resuscitation, can effectively reduce the incidence of ARF and improve prognosis.

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PubMedRSC advances2026-08-22

Design, synthesis, and characterization of allyl- and propargyl-functionalized phenolphthalein derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl: electrochemical, surface, and theoretical studies.

Zgueni Hicham H, Ou-Ani Omar O, Oucheikh Lahcen L, Tanghourte Mohamed M et al.

The objective of this work is to synthesise new dipolarophiles derived from phenolphthalein and to evaluate their inhibitory effect on the corrosion of carbon steel in an acidic environment. These compounds were obtained by reacting phenolphthalein with various halogenated groups containing multiple bonds, such as propargyl bromide, allyl bromide and allyl metabromide. The structures of the synthesized products: 3,3-bis(4-(allyloxy)phényl)benzofuranone (PHA), 3,3-bis(4-((2-méthylallyl)oxy)phényl)benzofuranone (PHMA) and 3,3-bis(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phényl)benzofuranone (PHP) were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. To evaluate their anticorrosive effectiveness, electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were used, in addition to SEM/EDX surface analyses. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) was used to better understand the mechanisms of interaction between the inhibitors and the metal surface. The results obtained show that the synthesized dipolarophiles significantly reduce the corrosion rate, reaching 91.71%, 91.22% and 88.84% at 10-4 M for PHMA, PHA and PHP, respectively. The adsorption of these inhibitors follows the Langmuir isotherm and involves a chemisorption mechanism. Finally, the study of the effect of temperature reveals that the inhibitory performance of these compounds is maintained at high temperatures.

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