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diltiazem (Cardizem SR / Corolater)

✓ Approved

Bausch Health Companies Inc. · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is diltiazem?

diltiazem is a small molecule developed by Bausch Health Companies Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCardizem SR, Corolater
CompanyBausch Health Companies Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bausch Health Companies Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

diltiazem acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

diltiazem is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism2026-10-22

Refractory hypoparathyroidism in paediatric autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1: successful long-term use of teriparatide.

Perez Carolina C, Adarme Nicolas N, Hernandez Catalina C, Sarmiento Maria Paula MP

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare monogenic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. It typically manifests in childhood with at least two features of the classic triad: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl from a consanguineous family, with severe hypocalcaemia and chronic oral candidiasis. Despite high-dose calcium and calcitriol therapy, she experienced recurrent symptomatic hypocalcaemia requiring multiple hospitalisations. Genetic testing confirmed homozygosity for the pathogenic AIRE variant c.967_979del, establishing the diagnosis of APS-1. Due to poor biochemical control, teriparatide (parathyroid hormone, PTH [1-34]) was initiated at 20 g twice daily, leading to rapid improvement in calcium-phosphate homeostasis, a 75% reduction in oral calcium requirements, and no further hospitalisations over a two-year period. The therapy was well tolerated with no adverse events. This is the first paediatric case reported in Colombia using recombinant PTH (1-34) for APS-1-related hypoparathyroidism, supporting its therapeutic role in refractory cases.

PMID 42902706
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PubMedFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2026-10-22

Daily regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity and impact of fixed-time rotarod training in a mouse model of Gba1-associated Parkinson's disease.

Bertasini Chiara C, Tavakolian Haghighi Shima S, Bruno Maria Giusy MG, Paio Fabio F et al.

Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene are a major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and result in dysfunctional glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the lysosomal enzyme responsible for cleaving glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. The pathogenic L444P variant disrupts the enzyme structure and activity, leading to lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide and ultimately impairing the clearance of monomeric α-synuclein (α-syn). Given the functional crosstalk among lysosomal homeostasis, the molecular circadian clock, and physical activity, we investigated whether GCase activity exhibits daily rhythmicity, and can be modulated by daily, fixed-time rotarod activity in healthy and Gba1-mutant mice. C57BL/6J healthy controls and Gba1-mutant PD model mice were housed under a 12 h light/dark cycle, and blood samples were collected at four Zeitgeber times (ZT2, ZT8, ZT14, and ZT20), with and without daily, fixed-time rotarod training. A fluorometric assay was performed on plasma samples to investigate the daily pattern of GCase activity. Our results showed that rotarod performance was influenced by genotype-dependent vulnerabilities and by daily, fixed-time physical activity, with overall better performance during the dark-phase training. The fluorometric assay revealed that GCase activity shows a ZT-dependent daily pattern in healthy mice, whereas this pattern was disrupted in Gba1-mutant PD models and partially rescued by timed physical activity. Overall, both the time of day and daily fixed-time physical activity influenced GCase regulation. Our findings reveal a functional interplay between daily biological timing and lysosomal enzyme regulation, suggesting that optimizing drug dosing and timing of administration may improve the efficacy of GCase-targeted treatments.

PMID 42903149
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PubMedThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2026-10-22

Spending time helping others and well-being of givers: Age differences in immediate and long-term effects on well-being.

Cho Kyoungmin K, Charles Susan T ST, Almeida David M DM, Lee Soomi S

The extant literature suggests that spending time helping others is associated with both beneficial and detrimental effects on givers' emotional experiences. To reconcile these findings, the current study examined the daily- and monthly-level associations between spending time helping others and well-being. We predicted that spending time helping others would be associated with lower hedonic well-being at the daily level but higher eudaimonic well-being at the monthly level. We further hypothesized that age would moderate these associations. We used data from the main survey and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) in MIDUS 3 (N=865) and MIDUS Refresher 1 (N=612). Participants reported their daily and monthly time spent helping others. Measures included hedonic well-being (negative affect and positive affect) and eudaimonic well-being (social and psychological well-being). At the daily level, our sample of adults experienced mixed emotional consequences on days when they spent more time helping others, reporting both higher negative and positive affect. Age moderation showed young and middle-aged adults experienced more negative affect. At the monthly level, spending time helping others was associated with higher social and psychological well-being. This association was significantly stronger among older adults than middle-aged adults in Refresher 1. Monthly spending time helping others was not associated with hedonic well-being. These findings suggest that spending time helping others can be both taxing and enjoyable in the short term while contributing to eudaimonic benefits over the long term. Older age may reduce costs and enhance benefits of spending time helping others.

PMID 42902779
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PubMedThe Journal of the Association of Physicians of India2026-10-22

Smartphone Usage Sleep Quality and Behavioral Health in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study from Eastern India.

Chatterjee Rupak R, Sarkar Subhajit Dey SD, Mukherjee Shatavisa S, Chatterjee Nandini N

Widespread smartphone use has raised concerns regarding its effects on adolescent health, particularly sleep quality and behavioral outcomes. The associations between smartphone usage patterns, sleep disturbances, and markers of obesity and vision health have yet to be systematically evaluated in India. To assess the prevalence of smartphone usage, bedtime usage patterns, and their association with sleep quality, overweight status, and visual acuity among adolescents in Eastern India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 adolescents aged 13-19 years attending urban and rural schools in Eastern India. Participants completed a structured questionnaire covering demographics, daily and bedtime smartphone use, and sleep quality. Sleep quality was assessed using a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and smartphone addiction was estimated using behavioral proxies. Chi-square tests were employed to assess associations, and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of poor sleep quality. The mean age of participants was 16.8 ± 1.9 years, with 55% male participants and 70% from urban areas. Smartphone usage at bedtime was reported by 89.3% of participants, and 42.1% reported poor sleep quality. Longer bedtime smartphone use (>30 minutes) was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (χ2 = 42.5, p < 0.001). Daily usage exceeding 2 hours was significantly associated with overweight status (χ2 = 21.9, p = 0.001). A high prevalence of bedtime smartphone use among adolescents in Eastern India is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Excessive daily smartphone use is also linked with overweight status. Public health strategies should include digital hygiene awareness and school-based interventions.

PMID 42902647
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PubMedHead & neck2026-10-22

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of the Presto-Trial: A Three-Armed RCT Evaluating Prophylactic Swallowing Exercises in Head and Neck Cancer Patients During (Chemo)radio Treatment.

Vergauwen Alice A, Van den Steen Leen L, Baudelet Margot M, Goeleven Ann A et al.

Research on oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (HNC) patients indicates that prophylactic swallowing exercises (PSE) during (C)RT can positively affect muscle strength, swallowing function and quality of life (QOL). Primary analyses of the PRESTO-trial showed higher adherence rates for PSE when exercising daily with a speech-language pathologist (SLP), compared to self-guided exercises with either an exercise diary or a digital application. Additionally, higher adherence rates were related to greater improvements in swallowing function and QOL. However, given limited healthcare resources, cost-effectiveness analyses are essential to inform the implementation of such rehabilitation strategies in dysphagia care. This secondary analysis of the PRESTO-data compares the costs and health effects of the three different service models: app-based, therapist-led (daily face-to-face, 20 sessions during (C)RT), and paper-led therapy. One hundred fifty patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy (C)RT for oropharyngeal HNC were randomly assigned to one of the three exercise groups. All performing the same PSE protocol. The treatment protocol required daily training during the first 4 weeks of the (C)RT treatment program. Patients in the therapy group thereby received a total of 20 face-to-face therapy sessions. Health outcomes were expressed as utilities based on the EQ5D5L instrument measured at baseline, post (C)RT and 3 months post (C)RT. Costs were estimated from a health service perspective, including staff time, therapy resources and consumables. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated as ΔCosts/ ΔQALYs. No significant between-group differences were found for utilities. Only significant time effects were observed, with a significant decrease in utilities from baseline to post (C)RT and a significant increase from post (C)RT to 3 months post (C)RT. The therapist-led intervention was associated with the highest costs. The app-group intervention was dominated by the paper group in terms of cost-effectiveness as the utilities were comparable but at a higher cost in the app-group. Consequently, the ICER was computed between the paper-group and therapist-group and resulted in € 124 061,54/QALY. Despite the overall positive HR-QOL effects post 3 months, the daily therapist-led delivery of PSE therapy was not cost-effective relative to paper-based self-management. Under current resource constraints, low-cost delivery models represent the most economically efficient option. Future research should explore whether hybrid or targeted therapist involvement yields better value by preserving clinical benefit while reducing cost.

PMID 42902836
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PubMedAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026-10-22

Nicotine pouch use characteristics, self-perceived addiction and regret among Danish youth.

Arp Stine S, Pisinger Charlotta C, Lund Lisbeth L, Bast Lotus Sofie LS

Use of nicotine pouches is increasing among youth worldwide. A subsequent increase in the prevalence of youth becoming addicted is therefore expected. We sought to estimate current prevalences of self-perceived addiction and regret, as well as the association between nicotine pouch characteristics and self-perceived addiction. As regretting ever starting to use nicotine pouches may reflect motivation to quit, we additionally aimed to estimate the association between self-perceived addiction and regret. Cross-sectional national population-based survey (§SMOKE). The invited population (n = 37 500) was selected randomly through the Danish national Civil Register, and 9801 responded (26.3%). Analyses were weighted for non-response according by age and sex. Denmark (2025). Danish 15-29-year-olds with a current daily or occasional use of nicotine pouches (n = 1201). Primary outcomes were reporting being very addicted compared to not or somewhat addicted, and regret of nicotine pouch initiation was defined as not wanting to start using nicotine pouches, if having the chance to do it over again. Outcomes were self-reported. A total of 14.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.3%; 14.7%] of Danish youth aged 15-29 years use nicotine pouches either daily or occasionally. Among these, approximately 82.2% reported self-perceived addiction (36.4% [95% CI: 33.6%; 39.3%] somewhat addicted and 44.8% [95% CI: 41.9%; 47.8%] very addicted), while 79.0% [95% CI: 76.1%; 81.6%] reported regretting nicotine pouch initiation. Adjusting for age, sex and education, daily use (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 40.68 [18.41;89.88]), more than one year since initiation (2-4 years, aOR: 2.79 [1.88;4.16]; 5-9 years, aOR: 3.68 [2.36;5,72]; 10 years or more, aOR: 3.02 [1.45;6.31]), using menthol and mint flavors (aOR: 1.59 [1.18;2.15], nicotine strength of 5 or more mg (5-9 mg, aOR: 1.93 [1.32;2.83]; 10-14 mg: aOR 2.45 [1.70;3.54]; 15 mg or more, aOR: 1.80 [1.13;2.85]) and using for more than 15 minutes (15-30 minutes, aOR: 1.66 [1.24;2.23] and 30 minutes or more, aOR: 1.69 [1.10;2.58]) were associated with reporting being very addicted to nicotine pouches. Further, being very addicted was positively associated with regretting initiation (aOR: 1.97, 95%CI [1.17;3.31]). The prevalence of self-perceived addiction to nicotine pouches and regret with starting to use them appears to be high among Danish youth. Several nicotine pouch use characteristics appear to be positively associated with reporting being very addicted, which were further associated with regret.

PMID 42902826
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