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desogestrel + ethinylestradiol

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ESR1 · Small Molecule

What is desogestrel + ethinylestradiol?

desogestrel + ethinylestradiol is a small molecule developed by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

CompanyTeva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetESR1, PGR
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

desogestrel + ethinylestradiol acts on 2 molecular targets:

ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR)
PGRprogesterone receptor (NR3C3, PR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

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Cai Nan N, Li Youqian Y, Liu Jingfeng J, Hong Haifeng H et al.

Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MVCD), defined as stenosis affecting ≥2 major coronary arteries, confers poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) CYP2C19 participates in lipid metabolism and inflammatory regulation, which may be associated with individual variations in the severity of coronary artery lesions. This study aimed to explore the clinical and genetic factors associated with MVCD focusing on CYP2C19 polymorphisms and chronic metabolic diseases. This single‑center cross‑sectional study enrolled 4124 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD, who were divided into single‑vessel CAD (n=846) and MVCD (n=3278) groups. Baseline clinical data and CYP2C19 genotypes were collected. The chi-square test, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, and logistic regression analyses were performed for statistical evaluation. Higher prevalences of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were observed in MVCD patients. CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285, 681G>A) and *3 (rs4986893, 636G>A) allele frequencies were markedly elevated in the MVCD group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=1.485, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.267‑1.740, p<0.001), T2DM (OR=2.441, 95% CI: 2.006‑2.970, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (OR=1.313, 95% CI: 1.097‑1.572, p=0.003), and CYP2C19 poor metabolizer (*2/*2, *2/*3 and *3/*3 genotypes) status (OR=1.744, 95% CI: 1.360‑2.237, p<0.001) was independently associated with MVCD. The combined impaired CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype (intermediate (*1/*2 and *1/*3 genotypes) plus poor metabolizers) was also independently correlated with MVCD (adjusted OR=1.285, 95% CI: 1.095-1.508, p=0.002). Clinical metabolic comorbidities and the combined impaired CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype are associated with MVCD. These findings may provide valuable reference for risk assessment of severe CAD.

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PubMedFood chemistry: X2026-09-20

Insights into differences in oxidation and interaction of main components in porcine and bovine milk during refrigerated storage.

Jiang Qiao Q, Yan Haixia H, Li Mo M, Zhou Li L et al.

Oxidation and interactions of components in porcine milk (PM) and bovine milk (BM) during 6-day storage at 4 °C were investigated. Compared to BM, PM exhibited higher levels of lipid oxidation products, protein carbonyl and surface hydrophobicity (P < 0.05), with protein aggregation, indicating PM underwent more extensive lipid and protein oxidation. In contrast, BM showed higher 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and D-glucosone (GLO) accumulation, greater sulfhydryl loss, enhanced fluorescence, and fluctuating particle size, suggesting carbohydrate oxidation and glycation reaction. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis identified surface hydrophobicity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), particle size and sulfhydryl groups as discriminators of PM and BM oxidation states. TBARS in PM correlated with particle size, carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups (P < 0.05), whereas BM surface hydrophobicity correlated with 3-DG and GLO contents (P < 0.05). Thus, lipid oxidation in PM was associated with protein changes, whereas in BM such changes paralleled glycation driven by carbohydrate oxidation and glycation reaction.

PMID 42763539
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PubMedInternational journal of obesity (2005)2026-09-20

Effects of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia on metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults without abdominal obesity.

Kato Yuko Y, Ikeda Ai A, Charvat Hadrien H, Tomooka Kiyohide K et al.

The association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals without abdominal obesity has not yet been fully explored. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and the incidence of MetS and its components in Japanese individuals without abdominal obesity. This prospective cohort study included 647 participants without baseline MetS and abdominal obesity, defined as a waist circumference of <90 cm in men and <80 cm in women. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was assessed using 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI). MetS was diagnosed according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Incident MetS and its components were assessed at the five-year follow-up survey. The median follow-up period was 5.0 years (IQR, 4.8-5.1). The association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and the incidence of MetS and its components was evaluated using a modified Poisson regression analysis. The analysis was stratified by age group (<65 years vs. ≥65 years). In the younger age group, 3% ODI ≥ 5 was associated with a significantly higher risk ratio (RR) for MetS incidence (RR 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-3.76). Participants with 3% ODI ≥ 5 in the younger age group also had significantly higher RRs for abdominal obesity (RR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.42-3.33), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.02-3.96), and hypertriglyceridemia (RR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.35-4.30). In the older age group, 3% ODI ≥ 5 was not significantly associated with increased RRs for MetS or its components. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was associated with an increased risk of developing MetS and some of its components in younger individuals without abdominal obesity.

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Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Femoral Nerve Block for Ease of Preoperative Positioning and Postoperative Analgesia in Hip and Proximal Femur Surgery.

Choudhary Anushka A, Kamath Shaila Surendra SS, Mahanta Priyanka P

Perineural dexmedetomidine has been shown to improve block quality, accelerate onset, and prolong block duration when used as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics. This study assessed the effects of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in an ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (USG-FNB) on positioning for spinal anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing surgery for hip and proximal femur fractures. This hospital-based observational study included 100 adults undergoing surgery for hip or proximal femur fractures. Using convenience sampling, participants were classified into two groups of 50 according to the femoral nerve block received: Group C received bupivacaine alone, and Group D received bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine at 1 µg/kg as an adjuvant. Once the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was < 3, patients were placed in the sitting position, and spinal anaesthesia was administered. Median heart rate was significantly higher in Group D than in Group C at all assessed time points, except at 3 hours, when the groups were comparable. Participants in Group D achieved a VAS score < 3 significantly sooner after the block and had a significantly longer time to first rescue analgesia postoperatively than those in Group C (P = 0.001). Time to recovery from spinal anaesthesia was similar between groups. The mean number of rescue analgesic doses was significantly higher in Group C than in Group D. Dexmedetomidine demonstrated a superior analgesic profile as an adjuvant to a femoral nerve block, facilitating patient positioning for spinal anaesthesia and reducing postoperative rescue analgesic requirements.

PMID 42763712
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PubMedBJUI compass2026-09-20

The use of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer.

Rivera López Carlos A CA, Higgins Michelle I MI, Jing Yuezhou Y, Alshak Mark N MN et al.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) compared to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for active surveillance (AS) in prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on lesion detection, PI-RADS classification changes and grade reclassification (GR) rates. We retrospectively reviewed our institutional AS database for men who underwent mpMRI followed by bpMRI. Lesion counts and PI-RADS classification were compared. Second, a subgroup of men who underwent mpMRI, biopsy, bpMRI and then repeat biopsy ('bpMRI biopsy group') was matched to a control group who underwent mpMRI, biopsy, another mpMRI and then repeat biopsy ('mpMRI biopsy group') based on age, PSA density, year of diagnosis and number of positive cores. GR rates at systematic and targeted biopsy of all PI-RADS 3-5 lesions were compared, as were PI-RADS changes. A total of 129 men with a median of 29 months between mpMRI and bpMRI were included. mpMRI identified 77 PI-RADS 3-5 lesions versus 114 on subsequent bpMRI (0.60 vs. 0.88 lesions/patient, p = 0.01); however, lesion distribution was similar, with rates of PI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 lesions of 53%, 40% and 6% on mpMRI and 53%, 37% and 11% on subsequent bpMRI (p = 0.87, 0.29 and 0.23, respectively). In the matched biopsy subgroups, when comparing men who had two surveillance mpMRIs with those who had a surveillance mpMRI followed by a surveillance bpMRI, lesion stability was not significantly different across PI-RADS categories. GR at last biopsy occurred in 29% of the bpMRI biopsy group versus in 25% of the mpMRI biopsy group (p = 0.7). bpMRI appears safe to incorporate into AS over the short term, as it was noninferior to mpMRI with similar GR rates and lesion stability.

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Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but predictive importance does not establish causality. To model severe AKI (KDIGO stage 3), evaluate temporal robustness at a 24-hour ICU landmark, and explore adjusted exposure-effect estimates. This retrospective MIMIC-IV v3.1 cohort included 4,705 adults with COPD. The original modeling dataset was split into training (n = 3,294) and testing (n = 1,411) sets. Consensus features from LASSO, Boruta, and random-forest importance informed 15 classifiers; the highest observed test-set AUC was interpreted with SHAP. A 24-hour landmark analysis excluded earlier stage 3 AKI and used pre-landmark predictors for incident stage 3 AKI thereafter. CausalForestDML estimated exploratory adjusted effects of the most recent valid creatinine within 365 days before ICU admission. Severe AKI occurred in 1,085 patients (23.06%). The original six-feature CatBoost model included total ICU length of stay and had an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI, 0.825-0.872); it is interpreted as a retrospective trajectory model. The landmark cohort included 4,171 patients and 841 events. The temporal five-feature AUC was 0.679 (95% CI, 0.641-0.717); without pre-ICU creatinine it was 0.686 (95% CI, 0.648-0.724; paired difference, -0.0067; P = 0.293). The adjusted creatinine risk difference was 0.0547 per 1 mg/dL (95% CI, -0.0021 to 0.1115) and 0.0705 (95% CI, 0.0022-0.1387) after 1st-99th percentile trimming. This study establishes a COPD-specific benchmark showing that a parsimonious model can characterize severe-AKI trajectories and that temporal separation materially changes performance and interpretation. Integrating model comparison, SHAP, adjusted-effect estimation, and landmark validation provides a rigorous framework for distinguishing prognostic importance from causal relevance and defines priorities for external validation.

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